scholarly journals PISCO_HyM_GR2M: A Model of Monthly Water Balance in Peru (1981–2020)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1048
Author(s):  
Harold Llauca ◽  
Waldo Lavado-Casimiro ◽  
Cristian Montesinos ◽  
William Santini ◽  
Pedro Rau
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Spatial Density ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Runoff Variability ◽  
Monthly Discharge ◽  
Monthly Water Balance

Quantification of the surface water offer is crucial for its management. In Peru, the low spatial density of hydrometric stations makes this task challenging. This work aims to evaluate the hydrological performance of a monthly water balance model in Peru using precipitation and evapotranspiration data from the high-resolution meteorological PISCO dataset, which has been developed by the National Service of Meteorology and Hydrology of Peru (SENAMHI). A regionalization approach based on Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Testing (FAST) of the rainfall-runoff (RR) and runoff variability (RV) indices defined 14 calibration regions nationwide. Next, the GR2M model was used at a semi-distributed scale in 3594 sub-basins and river streams to simulate monthly discharges from January 1981 to March 2020. Model performance was evaluated using the Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE), square root transferred Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSEsqrt), and water balance error (WBE) metrics. The results show a very well representation of monthly discharges for a large portion of Peruvian sub-basins (KGE ≥ 0.75, NSEsqrt ≥ 0.65, and −0.29 < WBE < 0.23). Finally, this study introduces a product of continuous monthly discharge rates in Peru, named PISCO_HyM_GR2M, to understand surface water balance in data-scarce sub-basins.

scholarly journals Hydroclimatic regimes: a distributed water-balance framework for hydrologic assessment and classification

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 2933-2965 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Weiskel ◽  
D. M. Wolock ◽  
P. J. Zarriello ◽  
R. M. Vogel ◽  
S. B. Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Terrestrial Water

Abstract. Runoff-based indicators of terrestrial water availability are appropriate for humid regions, but have tended to limit our basic hydrologic understanding of drylands – the dry-sub-humid, semi-arid, and arid regions which presently cover nearly half of the global land surface. In response, we introduce an indicator framework that gives equal weight to humid and dryland regions, accounting fully for both vertical (precipitation + evapotranspiration) and horizontal (groundwater + surface-water) components of the hydrologic cycle in any given location – as well as fluxes into and out of landscape storage. We apply the framework to a diverse hydroclimatic region (the conterminous USA), using a distributed water-balance model consisting of 53 400 networked landscape hydrologic units. Our model simulations indicate that about 21% of the conterminous USA either generated no runoff or consumed runoff from upgradient sources on a mean-annual basis during the 20th century. Vertical fluxes exceeded horizontal fluxes across 76% of the conterminous area. Long-term average total water availability (TWA) during the 20th century, defined here as the total influx to a landscape hydrologic unit from precipitation, groundwater, and surface water, varied spatially by about 400 000-fold, a range of variation ~100 times larger than that for mean-annual runoff across the same area. The framework includes, but is not limited to classical, runoff-based approaches to water-resource assessment. It also incorporates and re-interprets the green-blue water perspective now gaining international acceptance. Implications of the new framework for hydrologic assessment and classification are explored.

scholarly journals Allowing the Actual Evapotranspiration Uncertainty in Hydrological Models: Coupling of Interval-Based Water Balance and METRIC Models

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Khodadadi ◽  
Tarokh Maleki Roozbahani ◽  
Mercedeh Taheri ◽  
Fatemeh Ganji ◽  
Mohsen Nasseri
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Water Balance Model ◽  
Actual Evapotranspiration ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Classical Type ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
The North ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Monthly Water Balance

Abstract Against the paramount role of actual evapotranspiration (ET) in hydrological modeling, determining its values is mixed with different sources of uncertainties. In addition, estimation of ET with energy-based methods (e.g., METRIC) leads to different results with various acceptable initial and boundary conditions (such as land use and cold/hot pixels). The aim of the current research is to allow the uncertainty effects of ET as an interval-based input variable in hydrological modeling. The goal is achieved via feeding the uncertainty of computed ET values to the developed Interval-Based Water Balance (IBWB) model in terms of gray values. To this purpose, the comprehensive monthly water balance model (including surface and groundwater modules) has been revised to a new interval-based form. Moreover, the METRIC model has been used 20 times in each month of computational period to calculate the ET patterns with different hot/cold pixels to provide monthly ensemble ET values. For a comprehensive assessment, the selected water balance model has been calibrated with ensemble means of the computed ET with its classical type. The study area is a mountainous sub-basin of the Sefidrood watershed, Ghorveh-Dehgolan basin, with three alluvial aquifers in the North of Iran. Not only the paradigm shift from determinist to interval-based hydrologic structure improved the statistical metrics of the models’ responses, but also it decreased the uncertainty of the simulated streamflow and groundwater levels.

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