scholarly journals Geochemistry of Dissolved Heavy Metals in Upper Reaches of the Three Gorges Reservoir of Yangtze River Watershed during the Flood Season

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2078
Author(s):  
Jie Zeng ◽  
Guilin Han ◽  
Mingming Hu ◽  
Yuchun Wang ◽  
Jinke Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Three Gorges Reservoir ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Three Gorges ◽  
Dissolved Heavy Metals

Dissolved heavy metals (HMs), derived from natural and anthropogenic sources, are an important part of aquatic environment research and gain more international concern due to their acute toxicity. In this study, the geochemistry of dissolved HMs was analyzed in the upper Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) of the Yangtze River (YZR) watershed to explore their distribution, status, and sources and further evaluate the water quality and HM-related risks. In total, 57 water samples were collected from the main channel and tributaries of the upper TGR. The concentrations of eight HMs, namely V, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Cd, and Pb, were measured by ICP-MS. The mean concentrations (in μg/L) of eight HMs decreased in the order: As (1.46), V (1.44), Ni (1.40), Mo (0.94), Cu (0.86), Zn (0.63), Pb (0.03), and Cd (0.01). The concentrations of most HMs were 1.4~8.1 times higher than that in the source area of the YZR, indicating a potential anthropogenic intervention in the upper TGR. Spatially, the concentrations of V, Cu, As, and Pb along the main channel gradually decreased, while the others were relatively stable (except for Cd). The different degrees of variations in HM concentrations were also found in tributaries. According to the correlation analysis and principal component (PC) analysis, three PCs were identified and explained 75.1% of the total variances. combined with the concentrations of each metal, PC1 with high loadings of V, Ni, As, and Mo was considered as the main contribution of human inputs, PC2 (Cu and Pb) was primarily attributed to the contribution of mixed sources of human emissions and natural processes, and Zn and Cd in PC3 were controlled by natural sources. Water quality assessment suggested the good water quality (meeting the requirements for drinking purposes) with WQI values of 14.1 ± 3.4 and 11.6 ± 3.6 in the main channel and tributaries, respectively. Exposure risk assessment denoted that the health effects of selected HMs on the human body were limited (hazard index, HI < 1), but the potential risks of V and As with HI > 0.1 were non-negligible, especially for children. These findings provide scientific support for the environmental management of the upper TGR region and the metal cycle in aquatic systems.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variation of dissolved heavy metals in the Lijiang River China: Implication of rainstorm on drinking water quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Deng ◽  
Asfandyar Shahab ◽  
He Xiao ◽  
Jieyue Li ◽  
Saeed Rad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Lijiang River ◽  
Dissolved Heavy Metals

Abstract Lijiang River is an essential drinking water source and natural scenery in the Guilin City. For the first time, implications of rainstorm were taken into consideration by investigating spatial and temporal variation of dissolved heavy metals (HMs) in the Lijiang River water. A total of 68 water samples were collected during low flow (normal) season and high flow (rainstorm) season from 34 sampling sites. Dissolved HMs including Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Sb, and Pb were found to meet the respective drinking water standards, while higher concentration was observed after the rainstorm season, except for Cr. Multivariate statistical analysis showed Co, Cu, Cr, Zn, Sb, and Pb in normal season are mainly controlled by anthropogenic sources. Furthermore, higher concentration of Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Co and Zn during the high flow season is attributed to rainstorm. The water quality index (WQI) showed good grades, and comparatively lower in rainstorm season. The results of health risk assessment revealed that HMs in Lijiang River pose limited health risk, however, As poses potential health risk during rainstorm season. It is suggested to adopt preventive measures in mining activities and industrial waste-water discharge at the river’s upstream and downstream.

scholarly journals Geochemical characteristics of dissolved heavy metals in Zhujiang River, Southwest China: spatial-temporal distribution, source, export flux estimation, and a water quality assessment

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zeng ◽  
Guilin Han ◽  
Qixin Wu ◽  
Yang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Dissolved Heavy Metals ◽  
Zhujiang River

To investigate the sources and spatial-temporal distribution of dissolved heavy metals in river water, and to evaluate the water quality, a total of 162 water samples were collected from 81 key sampling points in high and low flow seasons separately in the Zhujiang River, Southwest China. Ten dissolved heavy metals (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Cd, Ba, and Pb) in the Zhujiang River water exhibit little variation at temporal scale, but vary with a significant spatial heterogeneity. Furthermore, different metals present different variation trends along the main channel of the Zhujiang River. Our results suggest that Ba (14.72 μg L−1 in low flow season and 12.50 μg L−1 in high flow season) and Cr (6.85 μg L−1 in low flow season and 7.52 μg L−1 in high flow season) are consistently the most abundant metals in the two sampling periods. According to the water quality index (WQI values ranged from 1.3 to 43.9) and health risk assessment, metals investigated in Zhujiang River are below the hazard level (all hazard index (HI) < 1). Application of statistical approaches, including correlation matrix and principal component analysis (PCA), identify three principal components that account for 61.74% of the total variance, the results conclude that the anthropogenic heavy metals (V, Cr, Ni, and Cu) are greatly impacted by the dilution effect, and the heavy metals in Zhujiang River are mainly presented a natural sources signature from the perspective of entire basin. Moreover, our results reveal that the estimated export budget of several heavy metals including V (735.6 t year−1), Cr (1,561.1 t year−1), Ni (498.2 t year−1), and Mo (118.9 t year−1) to the ocean are higher than the world average.

Pollution and Assessment of Heavy Mental Status in Sediments in Chongqing Urban Section of Three Gorges Project after Impoundment

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2670-2676
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Ping Yi Wang ◽  
Yan Mei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Three Gorges Reservoir ◽  
Geoaccumulation Index ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Three Gorges Project ◽  
Three Gorges ◽  
Background Value ◽  
Jialing River ◽  
Monitoring Stations

The Pollution characteristics of heavy metals in sediment of Chongqing urban section of Three Gorges Reservoir after impoundment were investigated and analyzed by assessing the geoaccumulation index and the potential ecological risk of actural measurement of eight monitoring stations(Lijiatuo,Egongyan,Huangshaxi,Shanhuba,Dafosi(Cuntan),Huanghuayuan,Hualongqiao,Ciqikou).The results showed that the average contents of Cd and Pb in the sediment of Chongqing urban section are 1.83mg/Kg and 98.14mg/Kg in Yangtze River and 1.28mg/Kg and 28.80mg/Kg in Jialing River respectively, which all surpass the soil background value of Chongqing. The enrichment degree of heavy mental was Cd>Pb. According to the evaluation based on the soil background value of Chongqing, the pollution of Pb in all monitoring stations was low; the pollution of Cd in Lijiatuo、Egongyan、Huangshaxi and Shanhuba was moderate and the rest was low.

scholarly journals Spatial Variation and Source of Dissolved Heavy Metals in the Lancangjiang River, Southwest China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Liang ◽  
Guilin Han ◽  
Jie Zeng ◽  
Rui Qu ◽  
Man Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Dissolved Heavy Metals ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Potential Risks

Dissolved heavy metals are not only the essential micronutrients, but also the toxic elements for human bodies. To investigate the heavy metal sources and assess the water quality of the Lancangjiang River, dissolved Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Pb were detected in this study. The results show that dissolved Ni and Mo, Cr and Pb, and Cu and Zn were similarly distributed within the drainage basin. The correlation analysis exhibited that dissolved Ni and Mo had correlation with water parameter, and dissolved Cu was weakly correlated with Ni, indicating that they might be affected by natural processes. The principal component analysis explained 68.342% of the total variance for three principal components, of which dissolved Ni, Mo, and Cu were controlled by natural inputs; dissolved Cu and Cr were affected by anthropogenic activities; and dissolved Zn was influenced by agricultural activities in the downstream. The water quality showed that the water in upstream was worse than in midstream and downstream, and the whole drainage basin had water of excellent quality. Water within the drainage basin poses no risks to human bodies via daily diets and dermal routes. Dissolved Zn, Cu, and Mo occupied the major proportion of heavy metals transporting into the Mekong River. The agricultural inputs of dissolved Zn might pose potential risks to the Mekong River.

scholarly journals Water quality variation and its conditioning factors in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Wang ◽  
Haijian Bing ◽  
Yanhong Wu ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
He Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Three Gorges Reservoir ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Three Gorges ◽  
Intense Rainfall ◽  
Conditioning Factors ◽  
The Three Gorges Reservoir ◽  
The Three Gorges

Abstract The variation of water quality has been an issue of concern since the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). In this study, water samples from the TGR were collected in July and November 2015 and in May and July 2016 to reveal the variations of water quality and its key conditioning factors. The results showed that the concentrations of major ions, nutrients and heavy metals in the TGR's water body exhibited heterogeneous variations. Especially, the hotspot for major ions and heavy metals emerged at Chongqing downtown, and a decreasing trend from Chongqing toward the TGR dam was spatially observed. The heterogeneous variation of hydrochemistry in the TGR revealed the integrated influences of natural processes and human activities. Especially, the intense rainfall in the spring and early summer of 2016 promoted the transport of pollutants to the TGR, and further magnified the influence of large cities on the spatial variations of the hydrochemistry in the TGR. This study will give more insights into the change of water quality in large reservoirs in the context of the intense rainfall and the human activities.

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Water Quality Evaluation of Heavy Metals of Habbaniyah Lake, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-475
Author(s):  
Huda Sulaiman Ghalib ◽  
Majeed Mattar Ramal
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Wet Season

Heavy metal concentrations in a water sample from Habbaniyah Lake (HL), Iraq (Cr, Cd, Ni, Fe, Co, Zn, Pb, and Cu). Thirty-three sites were chosen in the research area from October 2020 to April 2021 to evaluate emissions of heavy metals during two seasons (dry and wet). Spectrophotometer for atomic absorption was used to test heavy metal concentration (USA Phoenix-986). The findings of the study indicate that water levels were concentrated Cr>Ni >Fe>Co>Pb>Zn=Cd=Cu during the dry season and the wet season Cr>Fe>Pb>Co>Ni=Zn=Cd=Cu. HMPI and HMEI were both used to assess the level of water supply toxicity of heavy metals in the area of research. In Habbaniyah Lake water, several concentrations of heavy metals exceed the criteria for drinking and water life such as Co and Pb were exceed the allowed limits of WHO, CCME in the dry and wet seasons. The study area's human, agricultural and industrial activities and human population resulted in a rise in heavy element concentrations including Cr that surpassed the WHO, CCME, FAO, EPA, and IQS. The mean values of (Cd, Zn, and Cu) during dry and wet seasons were non-consistent in all stations. The average value of Ni was above water life limit during the dry season. The average values of CD, HMPI, and HMEI during the wet season were 20.8984, 57.8248 and 24.8977 and in the dry season were 17.3745, 61.8769, and 22.3747 respectively. Results indicate that HL is highly contaminated with HMs according to national and international guidelines, (CD), (HMPI) and (HMEI) indices pointed that HL water quality was bad. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were applied to estimate the pollution sources, results show that, pollution are originated from multiple sources, anthropogenic sources are major pollution sources while lithogenic is minor pollution sources, anthropogenic origin, which is mostly due to the wastewater point sources on Warrar stream.

scholarly journals Multivariate statistical evaluation of dissolved heavy metals and a water quality assessment in the Lake Aha watershed, Southwest China

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9660
Author(s):  
Shilin Gao ◽  
Zhuhong Wang ◽  
Qixin Wu ◽  
Jie Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Small Watersheds ◽  
Dissolved Heavy Metals ◽  
The Impact

Heavy metals are of public concern in aquatic ecosystems due to their growing release from industries and mining activities. This study investigated the sources, temporal-spatial distributions and water quality of dissolved heavy metals (Mn, Co, Al, Ni, Ba, V, Sb, Fe, Sr) in the Lake Aha watershed, an area under the influence of sewage and acid mining drainage. These heavy metals displayed significant spatial and temporal variabilities. The water quality index results (WQI values ranged from 3.21 to 15.64) and health risk assessment (all hazard indexes are below 1) indicated that dissolved heavy metals in this study pose a low risk for human health. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis indicated that Fe and Sr mainly presented a natural geological feature in the study area, and Mn, Co, Al and Ni were influenced by the acid coal mine drainage, whereas Ba, V and Sb were under the impact of local industrial or medical activities. This study provides new insights into the risk assessment of heavy metals in small watersheds.

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