scholarly journals Recovery of Cr(III) from Tannery Effluents by Diafiltration Using Chitosan Modified Membranes

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 2598
Author(s):  
Asmaa Zakmout ◽  
Fatma Sadi ◽  
Svetlozar Velizarov ◽  
João G. Crespo ◽  
Carla A. M. Portugal
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Ionic Species ◽  
Tannery Wastewater ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Selective Recovery ◽  
Preferential Adsorption ◽  
Tanning Process ◽  
First Time

The selective recovery of chromium remaining in tannery effluents after the leather tanning process is highly desirable to potentiate its reuse, simultaneously minimizing the ecotoxicity of these effluents. To the best of our knowledge, this work evaluates for the first time the ability of a chitosan-based membrane for selective recovery of chromium from a tannery wastewater by subsequent diafiltration and selective chromium desorption, envisaging their integration after tannery wastewater treatment by reverse osmosis (RO). A polyethersulfone (PES) microfiltration membrane top-coated with a chitosan layer (cs-PES MF022) was used for selective recovery of Cr(III), from concentrate streams obtained by treatment of synthetic and real tannery effluents through reverse osmosis (RO), through a diafiltration process. The diafiltration of the RO concentrates was conducted by an intermittent addition of water acidified to pH 3.6. The prepared cs-PES MF022 membranes were able to retain 97% of the total mass of Cr(III) present in the RO concentrates, from a real tannery effluent, with a selectivity of 4.2 and 5 in reference to NH4+ and Cl−, respectively, 12.9 and 14.6 in reference to K and Na, and > 45 in reference to Mg, Ca, and S. Such a high selectivity is explained by the preferential adsorption of Cr(III) onto chitosan, and by the relatively high permeability of cs-PES MF022 membranes to the other ionic species. Proof of concept studies were performed to investigate the desorption of Cr(III) at pH 2 and 5.8. A higher Cr(III) desorption degree was obtained at pH 2, leading to a final solution enriched in Cr(III), which may be re-used in tannery operations, thus improving the process economy and reducing the hazardous impact of the effluents discharged by this industry.

scholarly journals A study on the physico-chemical characteristics of Tannery Waste Water at Tiruchirappalli district

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 2417-2425
Author(s):  
Ramees Raja Hussain A ◽  
Aneez Mohamed M
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Tannery Wastewater ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Physico Chemical

The waste water generated by the tanning industry are the potential sources of pollution in Tiruchirappalli district. The tannery effluent can cause serious impact to water and soil. This study evaluates the physico-chemical characteristics of tannery effluent and soil. The chemical and physical parameters and water quality index of tannery wastewater were observed to be toxic as it contains large values of organic and inorganic chemical elements.  The tannery effluent contains large values of TDS, EC, anions and cations. The major pollutants in tannery effluents are high chlorides, sulphide and total dissolved solids (TDS). The organic impurities in tannery wastewater are the cause for its bad odour. Tannery wastewater polluted soil was analysed and found to have high values of PH, ESP(Exchangeable sodium percentage), EC,  sodium, chloride, sodium adsorption ratio, micronutrients and macronutrients and low values of organic matter, moisture content, phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen,  than the garden soil Unpolluted soil.

Removal of chromate from industrial effluent by a new isolate of Staphylococcus cohnii

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Saxena ◽  
R. Levin ◽  
M.A. Firer
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Tannery Wastewater ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Standard Medium ◽  
Staphylococcus Cohnii

We have isolated and identified of a new isolate of Staphylococcus cohnii from a tannery effluent and have studied the capacity of the organism to bioaccumulate chromium. The Staph.cohnii isolate is resistant to Cr, growing well in standard medium supplemented with 1000ppm Cr(VI). Over a treatment period of 96 hrs, the isolate removed about 90% Cr(VI) from medium containing 100ppm Cr(VI) and from contaminated tannery wastewater. Bioaccumulation of Cr from the wastewater was confirmed by atomic absorption. Results further indicate that the organism reduces Cr(VI) to Cr(III).

scholarly journals Bioreduction of Cr(VI) by Viable Cells and Cell-Free Extract of a Moderate Halophile, Halomonas Smyrnensis KS802 and Evaluation of Their in Vitro Efficacy in Tannery Effluent

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhuma Biswas ◽  
AK Paul
Keyword(s):  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Chromate Reduction ◽  
Cell Free Extract ◽  
Tannery Effluents ◽  
Moderate Halophile ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Reducing Ability ◽  
Halomonas Smyrnensis

Abstract The present study was aimed to characterize the chromate reducing ability of cells and cell-free extract (CFE) of Halomonas smyrnensis KS802 (GenBank Accession No. KU982965) and evaluate their effectiveness in tannery effluents. Viable cells of the strain reduced 200 µM Cr(VI) in basal medium for halophiles (MH) in 10 h and was inversely proportional to Cr(VI) concentrations. The rapid reduction by cells (10⁹ cells/mL) was achieved with 7.5% NaCl, at pH 7 and 37°C which increased with increasing cell density (10¹° cells/mL). While acetate, Cu³⁺, Fe³⁺, SO₄²⁻, and CO₃²⁻ were stimulating the reduction, the inhibitors retarded the process significantly. The NADH-dependent chromate reduction of the CFE was found to be constitutive with Km and Vmax values of 56.58 µM and 3.37 µM/min/mg protein respectively. The optimal reductase activity of the CFE was evident at 200 µM Cr(VI), 10% NaCl, pH 8.0 and at 45°C. A higher concentration of CFE and electron donors increased the enzyme activity but was impacted negatively by toxic metals and anions. Both the cells and CFE were capable of reducing Cr(VI) remarkably from tannery effluent. FTIR and XRD spectra of chromate reducing cells confirmed possible complexation of reduced Cr-species with functional groups on cell surface.

scholarly journals Self-Dividing Micelles: A Mechanistic Look with Evolutionary and Clinical Implications

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-20
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Prebiotic Chemistry ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Mass Spec ◽  
First Time ◽  
Division Mechanism ◽  
Viable Treatment

Micellar therapy has become a usefully viable treatment arm in various fields, ranging from oncology to bioimaging. As such, research leading to any improvements or adaptations in administration and techniques can have far-reaching consequences. Potential aspects of prebiotic chemistry may also be explored in such research as well. To that end, proof-of-concept experiments were performed to elucidate a possible mechanism of action for prebiotic protocell division. Representative potentially prebiotically plausible biomolecules, i.e., a fatty acid, amino acid, and nucleotide were mixed and heated in water and subjected to microscopic examination for observation of possible self-division and laboratory testing for the presence of polypeptides and polynucleotides (Biuret, MALDI mass-spec, etc.) with and without the presence of nucleotide. The results are presented for the first time here and a mechanism is proposed that best fits the data obtained. The evolutionary, e.g., prebiotic biomolecular cooperativity, and clinical, e.g., potential antineoplastic micellar/vesicular therapy, ramifications are discussed as well. Keywords: Micelle; Liposome; Protocell; MRNA; Self-division; Mechanism; Solid tumors

scholarly journals Regulostat Inferelator: a novel network biology platform to uncover molecular devices that predetermine cellular response phenotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (14) ◽  
pp. e82-e82
Author(s):  
Choong Yong Ung ◽  
Mehrab Ghanat Bari ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Jingjing Liang ◽  
Cristina Correia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Molecular Devices ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Genetic Circuits ◽  
Continuous Response ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
First Time ◽  
Phenotypic Responses

Abstract With the emergence of genome editing technologies and synthetic biology, it is now possible to engineer genetic circuits driving a cell's phenotypic response to a stressor. However, capturing a continuous response, rather than simply a binary ‘on’ or ‘off’ response, remains a bioengineering challenge. No tools currently exist to identify gene candidates responsible for predetermining and fine-tuning cell response phenotypes. To address this gap, we devised a novel Regulostat Inferelator (RSI) algorithm to decipher intrinsic molecular devices or networks that predetermine cellular phenotypic responses. The RSI algorithm is designed to extract gene expression patterns from basal transcriptomic data in order to identify ‘regulostat’ constituent gene pairs, which exhibit rheostat-like mode-of-cooperation capable of fine-tuning cellular response. Our proof-of-concept study provides computational evidence for the existence of regulostats and that these networks predetermine cellular response prior to exposure to a stressor or drug. In addition, our work, for the first time, provides evidence of context-specific, drug–regulostat interactions in predetermining drug response phenotypes in cancer cells. Given RSI-inferred regulostat networks offer insights for prioritizing gene candidates capable of rendering a resistant phenotype sensitive to a given drug, we envision that this tool will be of great value in bioengineering and medicine.

scholarly journals Establishing the concept of aza-[3 + 3] annulations using enones as a key expansion of this unified strategy in alkaloid synthesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1170-1178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey I Gerasyuto ◽  
Zhi-Xiong Ma ◽  
Grant S Buchanan ◽  
Richard P Hsung
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Alkaloid Synthesis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Made In

A successful enone version of an intramolecular aza-[3 + 3] annulation reaction is described here. Use of piperidinium trifluoroacetate salt as the catalyst and toluene as the solvent appears to be critical for a successful annulation. We also demonstrated for the first time that microwave irradiation can accelerate aza-[3 + 3] annulation reactions. An attempt to expand the scope of the enone aza-[3 + 3] annulation was made in the form of propyleine synthesis as a proof of concept. While synthesis of the enone annulation precursor was successfully accomplished, the annulation proved to be challenging and was only modestly successful.

Identifying the potential of pulsed LED irradiation in synthesis: copper-photocatalysed C–F functionalisation

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (36) ◽  
pp. 4589-4592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Nicholls ◽  
Johnathon C. Robertson ◽  
Michael G. Gardiner ◽  
Alex C. Bissember
Keyword(s):  
Visible Light ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Concept Study ◽  
Catalysed Reaction ◽  
First Time ◽  
Led Irradiation

The results of a proof-of-concept study demonstrate for the first time that pulsed LED irradiation enhances the rate of product formation and the yield of a visible light-mediated photoredox-catalysed reaction.

Online in situ prediction of 3-D flame evolution from its history 2-D projections via deep learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqing Huang ◽  
Hecong Liu ◽  
Weiwei Cai
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Computational Costs ◽  
Rapid Prediction ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd ◽  
In Situ Prediction ◽  
First Time

Online in situ prediction of 3-D flame evolution has been long desired and is considered to be the Holy Grail for the combustion community. Recent advances in computational power have facilitated the development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which can be used to predict flame behaviours. However, the most advanced CFD techniques are still incapable of realizing online in situ prediction of practical flames due to the enormous computational costs involved. In this work, we aim to combine the state-of-the-art experimental technique (that is, time-resolved volumetric tomography) with deep learning algorithms for rapid prediction of 3-D flame evolution. Proof-of-concept experiments conducted suggest that the evolution of both a laminar diffusion flame and a typical non-premixed turbulent swirl-stabilized flame can be predicted faithfully in a time scale on the order of milliseconds, which can be further reduced by simply using a few more GPUs. We believe this is the first time that online in situ prediction of 3-D flame evolution has become feasible, and we expect this method to be extremely useful, as for most application scenarios the online in situ prediction of even the large-scale flame features are already useful for an effective flame control.

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