scholarly journals Comprehensive Assessment of Flood Hazard, Vulnerability, and Flood Risk at the Household Level in a Municipality Area: A Case Study of Nan Province, Thailand

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Tawatchai Tingsanchali ◽  
Thanasit Promping
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Pertinent Data ◽  
Hazard Vulnerability ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys

Estimating flood hazard, vulnerability, and flood risk at the household level in the past did not fully consider all relevant parameters. The main objective of this study is to improve this drawback by developing a new comprehensive and systematic methodology considering all relevant parameters and their weighting factors. This new methodology is applied to a case study of flood inundation in a municipal area of Nan City in the Upper Nan River Basin in Thailand. Field and questionnaire surveys were carried out to collect pertinent data for input into the new methodology for estimating flood hazard, vulnerability, and risk. Designed floods for various return periods were predicted using flood simulation models for assessing flood risk. The flood risk maps constructed for the return periods of 10–500 years show a substantial increase in flood risk with the return periods. The results are consistent with past flood damages, which were significant near and along the riverbanks where ground elevation is low, population density is high, and the number of household properties are high. In conclusion, this new comprehensive methodology yielded realistic results and can be used further to assess the effectiveness of various proposed flood mitigation measures.

Vulnerability to Natural Disaster and Welfare Effect: A Case Study of Flood Risk in Vietnam’s North Central Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 002190962199349
Author(s):  
Manh-Hung Nguyen ◽  
Dung P Le ◽  
Thang T Vo
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
North Central ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Housing Costs ◽  
Household Vulnerability ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates the impact of flood risk on vulnerability and welfare at the household level in Vietnam. The analytical sample is taken from a household survey conducted in a north central Vietnam community through a three-stage stratified random sampling method. The propensity score matching approach is employed to compare various welfare indicators between flooded and non-flooded households. This study finds that flooding results in significant income losses and imposes higher costs of living, especially housing costs. The two types of households are vulnerable, implying that other natural disasters or socio-economic disadvantages may have adverse effects on households’ livelihoods. The insignificant effect of floods on vulnerability indicates that the flooded households can cope with floods to some extent. However, contrary to family support, formal coping strategies are insufficient or ineffective at reducing household vulnerability to floods.

scholarly journals Global flood hazard map and exposed GDP comparison: a China case study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerom P. M. Aerts ◽  
Steffi Uhlemann-Elmer ◽  
Dirk Eilander ◽  
Philip J. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Flood Protection ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Pluvial Flooding

Abstract. Floods are among the most frequent and damaging natural hazard events in the world. In 2016, economic losses from flooding amounted to $56 bn globally, of which $20 bn occurred in China (Munich Re, 2017). National or regional scale mapping of flood hazard is at present providing an inconsistent and incomplete picture of floods. Over the past decade global flood hazard models have been developed and continuously improved. There is now a significant demand for testing of the global hazard maps generated by these models in order to understand their applicability for international risk reduction strategies and for reinsurance portfolio risk assessments using catastrophe models. We expand on existing methods for comparing global hazard maps and analyse 8 global flood models (GFMs) that represent the current state of the global flood modelling community. We apply our comparison to China as a case study and, for the first time, we include industry models, pluvial flooding, and flood protection standards in the analysis. We find substantial variability between the flood hazard maps in modelled inundated area and exposed GDP across multiple return periods (ranging from 5 to 1500 years) and in expected annual exposed GDP. For example, for the 100 year return period undefended (assuming no flood protection) hazard maps the percentage of total affected GDP of China ranges between 4.4 % and 10.5 % for fluvial floods. For the majority of the GFMs we see only a small increase in inundated area or exposed GDP for high return period undefended hazard maps compared to low return periods, highlighting major limitations in the models’ resolution and their output. The inclusion of industry models which currently model flooding at higher spatial resolution, and which additionally include pluvial flooding, strongly improves the comparison and provides important new benchmarks. Pluvial flooding can increase the expected annual exposed GDP by as much as 1.3 % points. Our study strongly highlights the importance of flood defenses for a realistic risk assessment in countries like China that are characterized by high concentrations of exposure. Even an incomplete (1.74 % of area of China) but locally detailed layer of structural defenses in high exposure areas reduces the expected annual exposed GDP to fluvial and pluvial flooding from 4.1 % to 2.8 %.

scholarly journals A Framework Proposal for Regional-Scale Flood-Risk Assessment of Cultural Heritage Sites and Application to the Castile and León Region (Central Spain)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio Garrote ◽  
Andrés Díez-Herrero ◽  
Cristina Escudero ◽  
Inés García
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
The Creation

Floods, at present, may constitute the natural phenomenon with the greatest impact on the deterioration of cultural heritage, which is the reason why the study of flood risk becomes essential in any attempt to manage cultural heritage (archaeological sites, historic buildings, artworks, etc.) This management of cultural heritage is complicated when it is distributed over a wide territory. This is precisely the situation in the region of Castile and León (Spain), in which 2155 cultural heritage elements are registered in the Catalog of Cultural Heritage Sites of Castile and León, and these are distributed along the 94,226 km2 of this region. Given this scenario, the present study proposes a methodological framework of flood risk analysis for these cultural heritage sites and elements. This assessment is based on two main processing tools to be developed in addition: on the one hand, the creation of a GIS database in which to establish the spatial relationship between the cultural heritage elements and the flow-prone areas for different flood return periods and, on the other hand, the creation of a risk matrix in which different variables are regarded as associated both to flood hazard (return period, flow depth, and river flooding typology) and to flood vulnerability (construction typology, and construction structural relationship with the hydraulic environment). The combination of both tools has allowed us to establish each cultural heritage flood risk level, making its categorization of risk possible. Of all the cultural heritage sites considered, 18 of them are categorized under an Extreme flood risk level; and another 24 show a High potential flood risk level. Therefore, these are about 25% to 30% of all cultural heritage sites in Castile and León. This flood risk categorization, with a scientific basis of the cultural heritage sites at risk, makes it possible to define territories of high flood risk clustering; where local scale analyses for mitigation measures against flood risk are necessary.

scholarly journals OPEN SOURCE WEB-BASED SOLUTIONS FOR DISSEMINATING AND ANALYZING FLOOD HAZARD INFORMATION AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W7 ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
M. M.-M.-Santillan ◽  
J. R. Santillan ◽  
E. M. O. Morales
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Web Mapping

We discuss in this paper the development, including the features and functionalities, of an open source web-based flood hazard information dissemination and analytical system called “Flood EViDEns”. Flood EViDEns is short for “Flood Event Visualization and Damage Estimations”, an application that was developed by the Caraga State University to address the needs of local disaster managers in the Caraga Region in Mindanao, Philippines in accessing timely and relevant flood hazard information before, during and after the occurrence of flood disasters at the community (i.e., barangay and household) level. The web application made use of various free/open source web mapping and visualization technologies (GeoServer, GeoDjango, OpenLayers, Bootstrap), various geospatial datasets including LiDAR-derived elevation and information products, hydro-meteorological data, and flood simulation models to visualize various scenarios of flooding and its associated damages to infrastructures. The Flood EViDEns application facilitates the release and utilization of this flood-related information through a user-friendly front end interface consisting of web map and tables. A public version of the application can be accessed at <a href="http://121.97.192.11:8082/"target="_blank">http://121.97.192.11:8082/</a>. The application is currently expanded to cover additional sites in Mindanao, Philippines through the “Geo-informatics for the Systematic Assessment of Flood Effects and Risks for a Resilient Mindanao” or the “Geo-SAFER Mindanao” Program.

scholarly journals A GIS-Based Approach for Flood Risk Zoning by Combining Social Vulnerability and Flood Susceptibility: A Case Study of Nanjing, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11597
Author(s):  
Yi Chen ◽  
Zhicong Ye ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Ruishan Chen ◽  
Zhenhuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Central City ◽  
Flood Disaster ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Flood Susceptibility

The identification of vulnerable people and places to flood is crucial for effective disaster risk management. Here, we combine flood hazard and social vulnerability index to capture the potential risk of flood. In this paper, Nanjing was taken as the case study to explore the spatial pattern of social vulnerability towards flood at the community scale by developing an index system. Based on the flood risk results of ArcSWAT, the risk of flood disaster in Nanjing was evaluated. The results show the following. (1) Social vulnerability exhibits a central–peripheral pattern in general, which means that the social vulnerability degree is high in the central city and decreases gradually to the suburbs. (2) The susceptibility to flood disaster has a similar circle-layer pattern that is the highest in the urban centre, lower in the exurban areas, and the lowest in the suburb areas. (3) By using the GIS-based zoning approach, communities are classified into four types by comprehensively considering their flood susceptibility and social vulnerability. The spatial pattern is explained, and policy recommendation for reducing flood risk is provided for each type of community. The research has important reference significance for identifying the spatial pattern of social vulnerability to flood and then formulating targeted adaptation countermeasures.

scholarly journals Modeling the Impact of Building-Level Flood Mitigation Measures Made Possible by Early Flood Warnings on Community-Level Flood Loss Reduction

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Omar M. Nofal ◽  
John W. van de van de Lindt ◽  
Harvey Cutler ◽  
Martin Shields ◽  
Kevin Crofton
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Flood Mitigation ◽  
Precipitation Forecast ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Flood Warnings

The growing number of flood disasters worldwide and the subsequent catastrophic consequences of these events have revealed the flood vulnerability of communities. Flood impact predictions are essential for better flood risk management which can result in an improvement of flood preparedness for vulnerable communities. Early flood warnings can provide households and business owners additional time to save certain possessions or products in their buildings. This can be accomplished by elevating some of the water-sensitive components (e.g., appliances, furniture, electronics, etc.) or installing a temporary flood barrier. Although many qualitative and quantitative flood risk models have been developed and highlighted in the literature, the resolution used in these models does not allow a detailed analysis of flood mitigation at the building- and community level. Therefore, in this article, a high-fidelity flood risk model was used to provide a linkage between the outputs from a high-resolution flood hazard model integrated with a component-based probabilistic flood vulnerability model to account for the damage for each building within the community. The developed model allowed to investigate the benefits of using a precipitation forecast system that allows a lead time for the community to protect its assets and thereby decreasing the amount of flood-induced losses.

scholarly journals FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT OF RIVER KABUL AND SWAT CATCHMENT AREA: DISTRICT CHARSADDA, PAKISTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W9 ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bibi ◽  
F. Nawaz ◽  
A. Abdul Rahman ◽  
K. Azahari Razak ◽  
A. Latif
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
Union Council ◽  
Hazard Vulnerability ◽  
Risk Maps ◽  
Index Maps ◽  
River Kabul

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Pakistan is prone to natural hazards including floods, in particular, affecting millions of people each year across the country. Patterns from recent years suggest the intensity of flooding are increasing and may continue more aggressively during the coming years because of increased magnitude of the monsoon rains and identified climatic changes in the region. Mapping of flood hazard is essential for planning and mitigation purpose. However, only flood hazard mapping is not sufficient to assess the magnitude of risk to lives and property. Risk mapping is an integral part of pre and post disaster management. Furthermore, the Earth Observation (EO) data could be helpful to update flood risk maps time to time by covering many aspects e.g. population concentration areas, critical infrastructure and commercial areas, to enhance the preparedness planning and mitigation measure against risk of flood. Pakistan has experienced the devastating flood in 2010 due to unexpected heavy rainfall in the monsoon season with enormous losses to property lives and infrastructure in several districts. The Union council Agra, District Charsadda was among the affected most districts by riverine and flash floods. Additionally, growing population in flood plains is another threat to the district. However, to cope with this situation there is immense need to detect risk index to prevent further damages caused by such floods. This study aims to prepare the hazard, vulnerability and risk index for River Kabul and Swat catchment area of union council Agra, Charsadda. the flood risk was identified, and risk index maps were prepared by executing a methodology for assessing risk, based on the physical exposure of the flood hazard, vulnerability of people, and the exposure of critical assets to flood water. Explicitly, spatial flood risk index maps were produced with the help of analytical spatial modeling by considering the areas exposed to flood hazard, morphological characteristics and socio-economic indicators. The produced flood risk maps were verified through visual examination through 3D city flood maps. Results illustrate that the areas of higher flood risk overlapped with the areas of high flood hazard along with high population density and socio-economic exposure to vulnerability.</p>

scholarly journals Assessment of Flood Risk in the Eastern Part of Jamuna Floodplain

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-224
Author(s):  
Maruf Billah ◽  
Mehedi Ahmed Ansary
Keyword(s):  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Hazard Map ◽  
Individual Factor ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
Risk Zone ◽  
Hazard Vulnerability ◽  
Floodplain Area ◽  
Very High

Risk assessment provides the scope to understand the vulnerability situation of any area based on different hazard context. The study has been conducted in the eastern part of Jamuna floodplain area to examine its flood vulnerability. To perform the analysis, the whole study area has been surveyed and examined applying Geographic Information System. The entire hazard, vulnerability as well as the capacity factors are assessed and have been classified into different categories from very low to very high. Individual factor analysis has been considered to realize the specific condition of different factors. Finally, flood hazard map has been prepared to examine the vulnerability of the proposed area. This type of work helps the planners and disaster managers to identify the most risk zone which should receive immediate hazard mitigation measures as well as help to take a decision in an emergency situation when a flood may occur in the study area. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 44(2): 211-224, December 2018

Public perception of flood hazard and flood risk in Iceland: a case study in a watershed prone to ice-jam floods

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Pagneux ◽  
Guðrún Gísladóttir ◽  
Salvör Jónsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Ice Jam
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