Identification and crop damage assessment of indian crested porcupine (Hystrix indica) in selected zones of Abbottabad, Pakistan

Indian crested porcupine is the largest rodent pest that damages a wide variety of crops, vegetables, and tree species which ultimately causes huge economic loss in Pakistan, which is an agricultural country. It prefers to live in hilly terrain but common in temperate and tropical forests, shrublands, and grasslands. This study focused on the identification and assessment of crops damaged along with the main precautionary measures used by the local farmers. The data was collected from twenty-four villages of two union councils i.e. Chamhad and Slahad of district Abbottabad. Two types of data (primary and secondary) were collected from the study area. Primary data was collected for identification and estimation calculation of total crop damaged through direct field observation by taking random quadrates in each village of the study area. The damage in the crop was assessed by randomly selecting a quadrate of 1x1 m2 for the wheat, pearl millet, and Sorghum fields. While 4x4 m2 quadrates were taken for maize and vegetables. At least three quadrate samples were taken from each field including one quadrate taken from the center of the field area. In union council Chamhad, damage to maize (11.31%) and wheat (0.73%) by the Indian crested porcupine while in union council Salhad, damage of maize (6.95%) and wheat (1.6%) was observed. In the entire study area, overall damage to maize crop (8.01%) and wheat (0.88%) was calculated. Based on information obtained from the farmers, the Indian porcupine inflicted damage to potato, tomato, cauliflower, chili pepper, turnip, radish, pea, and onion, etc. Secondary data obtained through a questionnaire survey to explore the human porcupine conflict and precautionary measures used by the farmers and landowners. Open and close-ended questionnaires (159) highlighted the presence of Indian crested porcupine in the study area and 96% of the respondents have seen porcupine directly. Many types of precautionary measures were used by the farmers such as fencing, night stay, night firing, and dogs to decrease the crop damage, respondents (63.91%) use guns for hunting. however, due to the largely agricultural area and nocturnal behavior of Indian crested porcupine majority of the respondents (51.57%) did not use any precautionary measure. Biological control of Indian porcupine is recommended in the study area. Farmers should be encouraged and provide incentives and killing through current should be banned while proper hunting license should be issued to overcome overhunting. Scientific studies are required to control the reproduction of porcupine specifically in the more damaged areas.

URDU-23 Historical and Political Role of Sakhani Tribe in the Politics of D.G.Khan

This research is basically an analytical study of a Baloch tribe Sakhani which had played an important role in the history. Although this tribe is mostly inhabited in Punjab but also found in other provinces of Pakistan in the past and even now in KPK and Sindh to Balochistan. Sakhani tribe is considered a powerful tribe of the past and their history is also recognized against the rebellion of Sewstan during the time of Aurangzeb Alamgir. The bravery of the Sikh nation in history is undeniable. Whether it is the battle of Sewstan or the war against the Sikhs. Whether it is a clash from Nawab Bahawalpur or reaching Nawab Muzaffar Khan with bare swords during the siege of Multan is his national service. Ssimilarly, a huge vote bank of Sikhs in Dera Ghazi Khan is their political power which they have been using locally for the last two or three decades to win district council seats or several union council chairs. His vote bank is very important in the National and Provincial Assembly elections in Dera Ghazi Khan. The paper highlights the role of Sakhani tribe in the politics of Dera Ghazi Khan.

Sergey Nikitovich Savinsky (1924-2021) and the Historical Self-Awareness of Evangelical Christians-Baptists

The article presents biographical information about the first confessional historian of Russian Evangelical Christians-Baptists, S. N. Savinsky. He authored a number of chapters on the Russian-Ukrainian Evangelical-Baptist community in a book titled “History of Evangelical Christians-Baptists in the USSR” (1989), until that time the only book on the history of his own denomination published during Soviet times. Described is his work as member of the Historical Commission of the All-Union Council of the Evangelical Christians-Baptists. The article traces four trajectories of the worldwide evangelical revival into Russia: the late German Pietism, the North America revival movement, the influence of the worldwide Evangelical Alliance, and the early German Pietism. S. N. Savinsky basic concepts of evangelical revival and uniqueness of the Russian Evangelical-Baptist community are analyzed.

School and community partnership in promoting elementary education: A case study of union council Chountra, Rawalpindi, Pakistan

The local communities and School Councils (SC) play a significant role in supporting the schools for successful and effective learning at the elementary level. This study examines the extent of community-school partnership in improving the functioning of elementary schools, and community development through the agency of SC. The main research question of the study was, how school and community mutually guide, interact and support each other for solving the burning issues faced to primary schools in their effective functioning. The case study method with survey technique was applied to conduct this study. Thirteen elementary schools located in Union Council (UC) Chountra, a Sub-Tehsil of district Rawalpindi were taken as an integrated case. The quantitative and qualitative data was gathered through a checklist with five point Likert scale, and a semi-structured interview which were corroborated for analysis to draw findings and conclusions. Analysis revealed that schools are not fully successful in increasing the retention rate for the universalization of elementary education due to poor teachers’ commitment, unattractive school buildings, corporal punishment, and parents’ deteriorating trust in public schools. Participation of community through the agency of SC in academic, administrative, logistic matters of schools is almost non-functional.

Centralized management of Soviet town planning. 1931–1937

In the 1930s, as industrialization gathered pace, great hopes were laid on the centralized management of town planning as opposed to the assertiveness of large industrial institutions. In that period, the All-Union Council of Utility Services of the USSR Central Executive Committee had the highest status. Studying new materials deposited in the RF State Archives, the author revealed that even the all-union management structure regularly experienced difficulties which paralyzed its urban planning and reconstruction activities.

قاضی نصیب اللہ کی فقہ حنفی میں خدمات کاتجزیاتی جائزہ

In term of agriculture and contemporary knowledge Baluchistan province is barren but as far as religious concerned it is gateway of Islam. Many companions of Prophet (SAW) are buried here still this province is fertile in respect of producing religious scholars. However, it is fact that due to lack of resources many books of religious scholars couldn’t publish. Many writers’ books are uncountable and mostly books are being read and utilized in Pakistan, Afghanistan, India and many other countries of the world. But these people either prevent themselves from fame or being ignored by media due to lake of religious knowledge. One of these then tic researchers Molana Qazi Naseebullah he belong to Hanafi Sect. He is born in union council Ajram district Pashin in 1968.He studied in different seminaries of Baluchistan and Sindh and completed his education in 1993.After completion of education he started teaching. In his 26 years of teaching he wrote many magnificent books which are prominent work on Hanfi, jurisprudence.He wrote six books up till now.Students of Seminaries read his books and shared with each other’s.Hopefully he would set more milestones in respect of Hanfi sect.I am going to write an analytaical report on his services in fiqa hanfi jurisprudence.

Social Exclusion and Older Persons: A Case of Millennium of Isolation

Old age social exclusion is a crucial issue all over the world. The ways in which social exclusion may affect older people have largely been neglected. This article seeks to generate a better understanding of the dimensions of social exclusion relevant to older people highlighting the causes and effects of social exclusion of old age. Poverty and health issues are important elements of the social exclusion. This data is based on in-depth interviews from the old age people of union council Jalalabad in Multan. 38 respondents were selected from the union council Jalalabad through purposive sampling. Based on in-depth interviews of the respondents containing questions related to the causes and effects of social exclusion it is recommended that government and private institutions should promote the awareness in people to alleviate the social exclusion issue from the society.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOVIET AUTHORITIES OF THE ANTI-RELIGIOUS POLICY STATE SECURITY ON THE EXAMPLE Carrying out operations "3224 / m", "Prophets" AND FANATICS (1943-1957)

The article reveals the work of the Soviet authorities (NKGB-KGB) on the unification of the All-Ukrainian Union of Christians of the Pentecostal Evangelical Faith (UCPEF/KhEV) with the All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians (ACEBC/VSEKhB).The article also is devoted to the study of the role of the bodies of Soviet state security in carrying out of religious policy in Protestant environment in the territory of Soviet Ukraine on the example of their creation of a «legendary» religious center – All-Union Council of Evangelical Baptist Christians, as well as the apparatus of its republican and regional representatives (i.e. senior elders/presbyters). The article also highlights the plans of the Soviet state security agencies for the use of the leadership of ACEBC in the implementation of agent-operational measures to absorb other related to ACEBC protestant movements of the USSR (Pentecostals, Darbists, reformists etc.), to reduce their numbers, to subordinate influence to the organs of Soviet authorities and, ultimately, to lead to moral and physical decay. For the first time, the article publishes the name of undercover operations («FANATICS» and «PROPHETS»), which were carried out by the NKGB-KGB bodies in the protestant milieu of the Ukrainian SSR in 1943-1957, and also indicates, for the first time, the operational pseudonyms of secret agents of the NKGB-KGB, who were involved in these operations. For example M. Melnikov – agent “MIRGORODSKIY”, G. Ponurko – agent “GOROSHKO”, M. Boot – agent “LYSOV” and others, who operated in a Protestant religious environment with the decryption of their operational pseudonymsand also indicates the intelligence and operational activities that were carried out by the Soviet security organs in the Protestant environment, which were aimed at subordinating this environment to the influence of the Soviet special services.