Barriers and Drivers of Transition to Sustainable Public Transport in the Philippines

Electrification of public utility vehicles plays a vital role in the transition towards a more sustainable transport system. However, the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) encounters varying challenges ranging from financing issues, government policies, and public acceptance. Using the Philippines as a case, this research applies political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental (PESTLE) analysis to determine how different drivers affect the adoption of EVs in the public transport system from various transport stakeholders’ vantage points. Survey results identified economic and technological factors as the main barriers to the adoption of electric public transport. This includes high investment and operational costs, lack of charging infrastructure, issues in driving range and use in different terrains, and the availability of EV parts and repair stations. On the other hand, the main enabler is the significant public support for the modernization of the public transport system through EVs, backed up by policy and legal drivers. For a zero-emission public transport system, this study recommends that the government should invest in sustainable sources of energy, develop more public infrastructure, diversify the transport sector, fund the development of locally made EVs, and initiate a massive information campaign in educating the public of its advantages.

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Comparative TCO Analysis of Battery Electric and Hydrogen Fuel Cell Buses for Public Transport System in Small to Midsize Cities

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14144384 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (14) ◽

pp. 4384

Author(s):

Hanhee Kim ◽

Niklas Hartmann ◽

Maxime Zeller ◽

Renato Luise ◽

Tamer Soylu

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Transport System ◽

Public Transport ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽

Hydrogen Fuel ◽

Fuel Cost ◽

The Public ◽

Public Transport System ◽

Bus Body

This paper shows the results of an in-depth techno-economic analysis of the public transport sector in a small to midsize city and its surrounding area. Public battery-electric and hydrogen fuel cell buses are comparatively evaluated by means of a total cost of ownership (TCO) model building on historical data and a projection of market prices. Additionally, a structural analysis of the public transport system of a specific city is performed, assessing best fitting bus lines for the use of electric or hydrogen busses, which is supported by a brief acceptance evaluation of the local citizens. The TCO results for electric buses show a strong cost decrease until the year 2030, reaching 23.5% lower TCOs compared to the conventional diesel bus. The optimal electric bus charging system will be the opportunity (pantograph) charging infrastructure. However, the opportunity charging method is applicable under the assumption that several buses share the same station and there is a “hotspot” where as many as possible bus lines converge. In the case of electric buses for the year 2020, the parameter which influenced the most on the TCO was the battery cost, opposite to the year 2030 in where the bus body cost and fuel cost parameters are the ones that dominate the TCO, due to the learning rate of the batteries. For H2 buses, finding a hotspot is not crucial because they have a similar range to the diesel ones as well as a similar refueling time. H2 buses until 2030 still have 15.4% higher TCO than the diesel bus system. Considering the benefits of a hypothetical scaling-up effect of hydrogen infrastructures in the region, the hydrogen cost could drop to 5 €/kg. In this case, the overall TCO of the hydrogen solution would drop to a slightly lower TCO than the diesel solution in 2030. Therefore, hydrogen buses can be competitive in small to midsize cities, even with limited routes. For hydrogen buses, the bus body and fuel cost make up a large part of the TCO. Reducing the fuel cost will be an important aspect to reduce the total TCO of the hydrogen bus.

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Capturing Twitter Negativity Pre- vs. Mid-COVID-19 Pandemic: An LDA Application on London Public Transport System

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132313356 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 13356

Author(s):

Ioannis Politis ◽

Georgios Georgiadis ◽

Aristomenis Kopsacheilis ◽

Anastasia Nikolaidou ◽

Panagiotis Papaioannou

Keyword(s):

Transport System ◽

Public Transport ◽

Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Operational Conditions ◽

The Public ◽

Public Transport System ◽

Word Clouds ◽

Negative Sentiment

The coronavirus pandemic has affected everyday life to a significant degree. The transport sector is no exception, with mobility restrictions and social distancing affecting the operation of transport systems. This research attempts to examine the effect of the pandemic on the users of the public transport system of London through analyzing tweets before (2019) and during (2020) the outbreak. For the needs of the research, we initially assess the sentiment expressed by users using the SentiStrength tool. In total, almost 250,000 tweets were collected and analyzed, equally distributed between the two years. Afterward, by examining the word clouds of the tweets expressing negative sentiment and by applying the latent Dirichlet allocation method, we investigate the most prevalent topics in both analysis periods. Results indicate an increase in negative sentiment on dates when stricter restrictions against the pandemic were imposed. Furthermore, topic analysis results highlight that although users focused on the operational conditions of the public transport network during the pre-pandemic period, they tend to refer more to the effect of the pandemic on public transport during the outbreak. Additionally, according to correlations between ridership data and the frequency of pandemic-related terms, we found that during 2020, public transport demand was decreased while tweets with negative sentiment were being increased at the same time.

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Multi-occupation segregation through London's tube network

Environment and Planning A Economy and Space ◽

10.1177/0308518x211027172 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0308518X2110271

Author(s):

Yao Shen ◽

Yiyi Xu ◽

Zhuoya Huang

Keyword(s):

Public Space ◽

Transport System ◽

Public Transport ◽

Social Performance ◽

Modern Society ◽

City Centre ◽

Segregation Index ◽

The Public ◽

Public Transport System ◽

Transfer Stations

As an extension of public space, the public transport system in modern society is an arena for cross-group interactions. Uncovering social segregation in public transport space is an essential step in shaping a socially sustainable transport system. Based on 2011 origin–destination flow data for London, we simulate the working flows between each pair of connected tube stations for every occupation with minimised transfer times and travelling hours and calculate the multi-occupation segregation index for all tube stations and segments. This segregation index captures the density and diversity aspects of the working population. The results demonstrate that segregation levels vary significantly across stations, lines, and segments. Transfer stations and tube segments in the city centre do not necessarily have lower levels of segregation. Those stations or segments close to a terminus can also be socially inclusive, e.g., Heathrow. Victoria is the line with the lowest levels of segregation, and Green Park is the most socially inclusive station during commuting peaks. The proposed mapping approach demonstrates the spatial complexity in the social performance of the public transport system and provides a tool for implementing relevant policy with improved precision.

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Sustainable Transport in Riyadh: Potential Trip Coverage of the Proposed Public Transport Network

10.30573/ks--2021-dp17 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Abdelrahman Muhsen ◽

Abu Toasin Oakil

Keyword(s):

Transport System ◽

Public Transport ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

High Energy ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Sustainable Transport ◽

Improve Energy Efficiency ◽

Public Transport System ◽

Potential Impact

The transport sector has always had high energy demand and is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change. To improve energy efficiency and reduce GHG emissions, Riyadh is introducing an integrated public transport system. Per capita energy consumption is much lower for public transport than for private vehicles, such as cars and taxis. This study investigates the potential impact of Riyadh’s proposed public transport system on car and taxi trips.

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Numerical Analysis of Tunnel Support System at Pune Metro

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology ◽

10.22214/ijraset.2021.37042 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (VII) ◽

pp. 3681-3687

Author(s):

Saurabh B. Yele

Keyword(s):

Transport System ◽

Support System ◽

Public Transport ◽

Transportation Systems ◽

Vital Role ◽

Industrial Growth ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Tunnel Support ◽

Underground Tunnel ◽

Public Transport System

Pune has witnessed enormous industrial growth, rapid urbanization in the recent past and has put the city's travel infrastructure to stress. Being a densely populated area, Pune's traffic needs cannot be met by road-based transportation systems and additional flyovers. Considering this, the Pune Metro project a strong public transport system partly elevated, and partly underground Line 1 and the completely elevated Line 2 has been discussed and undertaken by Maha Metro Rail Corporation. With the rise in demand, the responsibility for a safe and efficient public transport system also increases hence proper planning, designing, and execution play a vital role. The underground tunnel stretch of the Pune Metro Line 1 project is carried out by TBM and by segmental lining as a support system. By geotechnical parameters and FEM, RS2 software author analyses the ground behaviour and support system and conveys a basic understanding of ground behaviour and results in guidelines for designing the underground tunnel.

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Data-Driven Analysis of Bicycle Sharing Systems as Public Transport Systems Based on a Trip Index Classification

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20154315 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (15) ◽

pp. 4315

Author(s):

Mark Richard Wilby ◽

Juan José Vinagre Díaz ◽

Rubén Fernández Pozo ◽

Ana Belén Rodríguez González ◽

José Manuel Vassallo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transport System ◽

Public Transport ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Mathematical Framework ◽

The Public ◽

Traffic Lights ◽

Public Transport System ◽

Specific Analysis ◽

Last Mile

Bicycle Sharing Systems (BSSs) are exponentially increasing in the urban mobility sector. They are traditionally conceived as a last-mile complement to the public transport system. In this paper, we demonstrate that BSSs can be seen as a public transport system in their own right. To do so, we build a mathematical framework for the classification of BSS trips. Using trajectory information, we create the trip index, which characterizes the intrinsic purpose of the use of BSS as transport or leisure. The construction of the trip index required a specific analysis of the BSS shortest path, which cannot be directly calculated from the topology of the network given that cyclists can find shortcuts through traffic lights, pedestrian crossings, etc. to reduce the overall traveled distance. Adding a layer of complication to the problem, these shortcuts have a non-trivial existence in terms of being intermittent, or short lived. We applied the proposed methodology to empirical data from BiciMAD, the public BSS in Madrid (Spain). The obtained results show that the trip index correctly determines transport and leisure categories, which exhibit distinct statistical and operational features. Finally, we inferred the underlying BSS public transport network and show the fundamental trajectories traveled by users. Based on this analysis, we conclude that 90.60% of BiciMAD’s use fall in the category of transport, which demonstrates our first statement.

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