scholarly journals Sun, Wind and Waves: EV Fossil Fuel Use and Emissions on an Isolated, Oil-Dependent Hawaiian Island

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Katherine A. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Hawaiian Island ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Ocean Energy ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
Remote Communities ◽  
Renewable Power

Electric power grids in remote communities around the world tend to be highly oil-dependent, unlike large, interconnected grids. Consequently, self-contained power grids such as the Hawaiian Islands’ have become testbeds for aggressive renewable energy integration (PV, wind, and ocean energy) and transportation electrification. However, there remains a lack of critical analysis for remote communities to determine the benefits of transitioning from internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to plug-in electric vehicles (EVs). This case study examines the impacts of this transition to EVs and renewable power generation on fossil fuel use and CO2 emissions on the oil-dependent Island of Oahu, Hawaii. Average passenger EVs were found to consume seven times less fossil fuel (the equivalent of 66 gallons of gasoline (GGe), than their gasoline-powered counterparts (455 gallons) in 2020. Average EVs also cut emissions in half, (2 MTCO2 versus 4 MTCO2). Several renewable power and EV transition scenarios were modeled to assess impacts out to 2050. Fossil fuel use and emissions plummet with more clean power and increasing EV numbers. By 2045, in the most ambitious scenario, all gasoline- and diesel-powered vehicles (passenger and freight) will consume a total of 8.8 billion GGe, and EVs 0.090 billion GGe (1%). ICE CO2 emissions will total 80 MMT, and EVs 4.4 MMT (5.5%). By 2050, the anticipated transition to electric passenger and freight vehicles combined with renewable power will lead to 99% less fossil fuel consumed, and 93% less CO2 emitted.

scholarly journals Ocean Powered Hydrogen Oxygen Plant (OPHOP)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
P. S. Mithun ◽  
J. Muhammed Sujah ◽  
A. P. Pranav Prathap ◽  
N. Ashik Muhammad ◽  
N. Nadir Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ocean Energy ◽  
Transportation Demand ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

This paper aims at describing a small scale prototype of ocean energy converter system for hydrogen production, promoting the opportunity of such installation in coastal areas. The process of producing hydrogen from sea-water identifies ocean energy as the most promising solution for electricity generation as well as hydrogen production. Hydrogen is considered as the most promising secondary sources, criticism arises from different sectors of the world since hydrogen production requires energy consumption. Present scenario of utilizing energy from fossil fuel for the production of hydrogen has to be avoided as part of sustainable development. Fuel demanding sectors such as transportation, demand for the increased hydrogen production, which is considered as energy carrier for future applications. Sustainable Engineering suggests utilization of environmentally friendly technologies argued that use of hydrogen to empower internal combustion engine vehicles as well as fuel cell vehicles, can satisfy the energy Thus the dependency on fossil fuel in automobile industry as well as for hydrogen which will contribute in increased hydrogen production. So this paper focuses on the production of hydrogen more economically as well as eco-friendly.

scholarly journals Can fossil fuel energy be recovered and used without any CO2 emissions to the atmosphere?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Breda Novotnik ◽  
Arpita Nandy ◽  
Senthil Velan Venkatesan ◽  
Jagos Radovic ◽  
Juan De La Fuente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Fuel Use ◽  
Direct Production ◽  
Fossil Fuel Energy

The world’s energy system is still dominated by fossil fuels. While there is a rapid reduction in the cost of renewable energy and the environmental costs of continued carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel recovery and use are well understood, current economic, infrastructure and political constraints sustain the fossil fuel enterprise as a dominant component of the energy system. Though routes to decarbonizing fossil fuel use, such as carbon capture and storage, have been proposed and have been demonstrated at commercial scale, current CCS CO2 storage quantities are very small and no large-scale practical route to providing fossil fuel energy, without the CO2 emissions attendant with fuel production and use has been proposed. Here we look at some of the boundary conditions and possible routes to production of emissions free energy from fossil fuels, and specifically petroleum reservoirs. Focusing on the production of electrical power we look at possible applications of microbially mediated hydrocarbon oxidation, coupled to a range of energy harvesting strategies, to the provision of electrical power at surface at a range of scales suitable for grid power provision, powering upstream oilfield facilities or for powering in situ sensing and exploration systems. We also ask the question, even if practical, would direct production of electrical power from oil and gas fields be a politically and economically sensible strategy as part of the energy transition away from traditional fossil fuel use.

scholarly journals Novel Concept of Cogeneration-Integrated Heat Pump-Assisted Fractionation of Alkylation Reactor Effluent for Increased Power Production and Overall CO2 Emissions Decrease

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Variny ◽  
Patrik Furda ◽  
Ladislav Švistun ◽  
Miroslav Rimár ◽  
Ján Kizek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Alkylation Reaction ◽  
Unit Operation ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Fractionation Process

Alkylate produced by catalyzed reaction of isobutane and olefin-rich streams is a desired component for gasoline blending. Fractionation of the alkylation reactor effluent is energy demanding due to the presence of close boiling point components and solutions cutting its energy intensity; expenses associated with this process are investigated intensely nowadays. This paper presents a novel conceptual design and techno-economic analysis of alkylation reaction effluent fractionation revamp to reach a cut in energy costs of the fractionation process without the need to revamp the rectification columns themselves, providing thus an alternative approach to a more sustainable alkylation process. Two cases are considered—A. additional steam turbine installation or B. combustion engine-driven heat pump-assisted rectification. Mathematical modeling of the considered system and its revamp is applied using the “frozen technology” approach. Real system operation features and seasonal variations are included considering the refinery’s combined heat and power (CHP) unit operation and CO2 emissions balance both internal and external to the refinery. Case A yields an expectable yearly benefit (saved energy minus additionally consumed energy minus CO2 emissions increase; expressed in financial terms) of €110–140 thousand, net present value (NPV) of −€18 to €272 thousand and produces 3.3 GWh/year of electric energy. Case B delivers a benefit of €900–1200 thousand, NPV of −€293 to €2823 thousand while producing 33 GWh/year of electricity. Both cases exhibit analogous simple payback periods (8–10 years). Marginal electric efficiency of Case B (78.3%) documents the energy integration level in this case, exploiting the system and CHP unit operation synergies. CHP unit summer operation mode and steam network restrictions significantly affect the seasonal benefit of Case B. CO2 emissions increase in both cases, Case A and Case B, considering the refinery level. However, including external CO2 emissions leads to emissions decrease in both cases of up to 26 kton/year (Case B.) The presented results document the viability of the proposed concepts comparable to the traditional (reference) solution of a high performance (COP = 8) heat pump while their performance sensitivity stresses the need for complex techno-economic assessment.

scholarly journals Electromechanical Design of Synchronous Power Controller in Grid Integration of Renewable Power Converters to Support Dynamic Stability

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2115
Author(s):  
Mostafa Abdollahi ◽  
Jose Ignacio Candela ◽  
Andres Tarraso ◽  
Mohamed Atef Elsaharty ◽  
Elyas Rakhshani
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Power Converters ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Synchronous Generators ◽  
Power Controller ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Grid Connection ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Control Layer

Nowadays, modern power converters installed in renewable power plants can provide flexible electromechanical characteristics that rely on the developed control technologies such as Synchronous Power Controller (SPC). Since high renewable penetrated power grids result in a low-inertia system, this electromechanical characteristic provides support to the dynamic stability of active power and frequency in the power generation area. This goal can be achieved through the proper tuning of virtual electromechanical parameters that are embedded in the control layers of power converters. In this paper, a novel mathematical pattern and strategy have been proposed to adjust dynamic parameters in Renewable Static Synchronous Generators controlled by SPC (RSSG-SPC). A detailed dynamic modeling was obtained for a feasible design of virtual damping coefficient and virtual moment of inertia in the electrometrical control layer of RSSG-SPC’s power converters. Mathematical solutions, modal analysis outcomes, time-domain simulation results, and real-time validations of the test in IEEE-14B benchmark confirm that the proposed method is an effective procedure for the dynamic design of RSSG-SPC to provide these dynamic stability supports in grid connection.

scholarly journals Using Quantile Regression to Analyze the Relationship between Socioeconomic Indicators and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in G20 Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7011
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz A. Alotaibi ◽  
Naif Alajlan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Policy Coordination ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Fossil Fuel Consumption

Numerous studies addressed the impacts of social development and economic growth on the environment. This paper presents a study about the inclusive impact of social and economic factors on the environment by analyzing the association between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and two socioeconomic indicators, namely, Human Development Index (HDI) and Legatum Prosperity Index (LPI), under the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework. To this end, we developed a two-stage methodology. At first, a multivariate model was constructed that accurately explains CO2 emissions by selecting the appropriate set of control variables based on model quality statistics. The control variables include GDP per capita, urbanization, fossil fuel consumption, and trade openness. Then, quantile regression was used to empirically analyze the inclusive relationship between CO2 emissions and the socioeconomic indicators, which revealed many interesting results. First, decreasing CO2 emissions was coupled with inclusive socioeconomic development. Both LPI and HDI had a negative marginal relationship with CO2 emissions at quantiles from 0.2 to 1. Second, the EKC hypothesis was valid for G20 countries during the study period with an inflection point around quantile 0.15. Third, the fossil fuel consumption had a significant positive relation with CO2 emissions, whereas urbanization and trade openness had a negative relation during the study period. Finally, this study empirically indicates that effective policies and policy coordination on broad social, living, and economic dimensions can lead to reductions in CO2 emissions while preserving inclusive growth.

scholarly journals Optimal Coordinated Planning of Energy Storage and Tie-Lines to Boost Flexibility with High Wind Power Integration

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2526
Author(s):  
Fahad Alismail ◽  
Mohamed A. Abdulgalil ◽  
Muhammad Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
Demand Growth ◽  
Wind Power Integration ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Tie Lines

Since renewable power is intermittent and uncertain, modern grid systems need to be more elegant to provide a reliable, affordable, and sustainable power supply. This paper introduces a robust optimal planning strategy to find the location and the size of an energy storage system (ESS) and feeders. It aims to accommodate the wind power energy integration to serve the future demand growth under uncertainties. The methodology was tested in the IEEE RTS-96 system and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimal sizing strategy. The findings validate the improvements in the power system reliability and flexibility.

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