Fire extinguishers and their purpose

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Keyword(s):  
Fire Brigade ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Fire Extinguishers

The proper use of fire extinguishers in case of fire is an urgent task. Primary fire extinguishing agents are used to eliminate small fires and prevent the spread of fire before the arrival of the fire brigade. This allows minimizing the damage that can be caused to the enterprise and reducing the risk of fire brigade actions, and sometimes obviates the need for the evacuation of people.

The Study of Fire-extinguishing Process of Modelled Fire Seats

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
V.N. Bordakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Specific Flow Rate ◽  
Specific Flow ◽  
Acceptable Error ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Fire Zone ◽  
Analysis Of Results ◽  
Fire Extinguishers

Test-fires to determine fire-extinguishers’ efficiency for extinguishing B class fires are conducted by operators equipped with working clothes, which does not comply with the requirements of physical modelling. This is why the ranks of extinguished modelled seats are significantly overestimated. The quantitative results of fire seats’ extinguishing can be comparatively evaluated in accordance with the value of specific flow rate of a fire-extinguishing agent. As it was detected, the specific flow rate of a fire-extinguishing agent does not actually depend on the rank of modelled fire seat when extinguished by an operator wearing thermal-protective clothes. At the same time, it is increasing along with the expansion of the fire zone scale in case the fire is extinguished without special protective clothes. Consequently, to increase the fire-extinguisher’s efficiency data reliability, the certifying tests should be conducted in conditions close to the real application conditions when the first person to firefight is not equipped with such special protective clothes. The experimental studies to determine the specific flow rate of a fire-extinguishing agent used modelled fire seats of various ranks. The analysis of results showed that the fire-extinguishers ensuring generation of drops of prevailing size more than 0,5 mm are required to extinguish the modelled sire seats. The degree of increasing flow rate for the fire-extinguishing agent to eliminate a fire and observation of a safe distance from the flame for an operator are conditioned by the scale of fire zone and affect the specific flow rate of agent required to ensure stable fire-extinguishing. Based on the results of extinguishing the fire seats «34В» or «55В», it is demonstrated that via using a correction factor it is possible, assuming an acceptable error, to evaluate the flow rate of fire-extinguishing agent to extinguish a modelled fire seat of any rank.

Chemical composition of the renewed fire extinguishing powder and its physical characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Azzaya T ◽  
Burmaa G ◽  
Alen S ◽  
Batsaikhan V
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Endothermic Effect ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Water Repellence ◽  
Fire Extinguishers

Water, foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide and liquid chemicals are used as fire extinguishers depending on the fire types. The fire classification of ABC type includes fires caused by paper, wood, dye, fuel, oil, lubricants and flammable gases. In this work, the investigation of the procedure for re-determining the composition of prepared fire extinguishers was carried out depending on the ratio of organic and inorganic substances, and their fire extinguishing activity was tested. The Sample-1 contains about 50% of ammonium dihydrophosphate (NH4H2PO4) which is taking into account the main component and the sum of ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4 and other inorganic and organic components by 50%. As a result of fire extinction tests, its fire extinguishing activity was higher than that of other Samples included different ratios of substances. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis of the Sample -1, the polymerization and water release process of NH4H2PO4 was detected as endothermic effect. The weight loss was occurred by 74% and 26% remained as P2O5 when temperature reached to highest degree. Some physical parameters such as moisture content, water repellence, density and particle size were analyzed according to ISO standard method and all these important parameters showed that it can meet the requirements for fire extinguishing powder standards. Гал унтраагч шинэчилсэн бэлдмэлийн найрлага, түүний физик шинж чанарын судалгаа Хураангуй: Ус, хөөс, хуурай нунтаг, нүүрс хүчлийн хий ба химийн шингэн бодис зэргийг галын төрлөөс хамааруулан гал унтраагчаар ашигладаг. Галын ABC ангилалд цаас, мод, будаг, шатахуун, тос, тосолгооны материал, шатамхай хий зэргээс үүдэлтэй гал хамаарна. Энэхүү ажлаар импортын гал унтраагч бодисын найрлагыг шинэчлэн тогтоох судалгааг органик ба органик бус химийн бодисуудын харьцаанаас хамааруулан явуулж, тэдгээрийн гал унтраах идэвхийг ABC ангиллын галд туршив. Үндсэн бүрдэл болох аммонийн дигидрофосфат (NH4H2PO4)-ыг 50%, (NH4)2SO4 ба бусад бүрэлдэхүүн бодисуудын нийлбэрийг мөн 50%-иар тооцоолон авсан. Бэлдмэл 1-ийн гал унтраах идэвх нь бусад бэлдмэлүүдийн идэвхээс өндөр байв. Бэлдмэлийн термографийн судалгаагаар NH4H2PO4-ын их хэмжээний дулаан шингээн полимержих, ус ялгаруулах процесс DTA-ийн муруйд эндо эффект хэлбэрээр илэрсэн ба температурын дээд утгад жингийн алдагдал 74%-д хүрч, 26% нь P2O5 хэлбэрээр үлдсэн. Гал унтраагч нунтгийн физик шинж чанарын гол үзүүлэлтүүд болох чийг, хувийн жин, ус үл нэвтрүүлэх чадвар, ширхэглэлийн хэмжээг тодорхойлсон ба эдгээр үзүүлэлтүүд нь стандартын шаардлагуудыг хангасан байна. Түлхүүр үг: Гал унтраагч нунтаг, идэвх, аммонийн дигидрофосфат, DTA/TG, физик үзүүлэлт  

scholarly journals SUB-LAYER EXTINGUISHING OF ALCOHOLS BY BINARY MIXTURES OF FIRE-EXTINGUISHING AEROSOL AND CO2

Fire Safety ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
V. Balanyuk ◽  
M. Kozyar ◽  
A. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Volume Concentration ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Concentration Limit ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Minimum Volume ◽  
Explosion Pressure ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Lower Concentration Limit ◽  
Fire Extinguishers

Introduction. Now the number of enterprises and technological processes where alcohols and alcohol-containing liquids are used is constantly increasing. Due to the content of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the molecule, alcohols have increased flammable properties, namely: high combustion temperature, low lower concentration limit of flame propagation, high evapo-ration rate due to low boiling point and significant explosion pressure. Thus, in order to increase the fire safety of alcohol enterprises, is relevant the search for fire extinguishers that would provide both surface extinguishing and volumetric phlegma-tization of alcohol-air mixtures .The purpose and objectives of the study. The aim of the work is to determine the fire extinguishing factors and the efficiency of sublayer extinguishing by binary mixtures of fire extinguishing aerosol and CO2.Research objectives To establish fire-extinguishing factors of sublayer extinguishing of alcohols by binary mixtures of fire-extinguishing aerosol and CO2. To determine the fire-extinguishing efficiency of sublayer extinguishing of alcohols by binary mixtures of fire-extinguishing aero-sol and CO2.Methods. In the work according to the developed method with the use of metrologically certified equipment and certified measuring instruments, the fire-extinguishing minimum volume concentration of the components of the binary gas-aerosol mixture on the developed installation was determined.6 Пожежна безпека, №36, 2020Results. It was found that the maximum fire-extinguishing intensity of the aerosol formed from aerosol based compound based on sucrose (33%), potassium nitrate KNO3 (67%), is about 6 g / s in the experimental setup. The fire-extinguishing inten-sities of aerosol supply and its binary mixture with CO2 have been experimentally established. It was found that the addition of CO2 to the aerosol reduces the time of emergence of gas aerosol bubbles and quenching to 1.5 times. It was found that the size of the bubbles when adding CO2 is 10 -35% larger than when using CO2 itself.Conclusions. The results of the research showed that binary gas-aerosol mixtures have high fire-extinguishing efficiency with their sublayer supply for extinguishing alcohols and are several times more efficient, cheaper and have several times longer service life compared to traditional fire extinguishers.

scholarly journals A Study on the Durability of Fire Hoses of Fire Hydrants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Hakjoong Kim ◽  
Youngjoo Song
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Property Damage ◽  
Human Safety ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Years Of Service ◽  
Fire Spreading ◽  
Fire Extinguishers

Although the number of fires has not changed considerably in recent times, property damage and casualties due to fires are increasing every year. Maintaining the performance of fire-fighting facilities installed in buildings has been emphasized for maximizing human safety and minimizing property damage caused by fires. As a result, since 2017, the maintenance of fire extinguishers throughout their service life, has been mandated. In case of a fire, initial fire extinguishing and fire spreading prevention are crucial. There have been no available measures for the maintenance and verification of indoor fire hydrants and outdoor fire hydrant hoses used for extinguishing fires and preventing combustion expansion. This study was therefore intended to present measures for ascertaining the service life of these fire extinguishers, by evaluating their firefighting abilities through sample analysis and case analysis of the fire hoses. Research shows that the degradation of performance of the fire hoses becomes evident between 9 and 10 years, so that 10 years of service life is considered appropriate for the fire hoses.

scholarly journals An integrated approach for fire extinguishers selection with DEMATEL and TODIM methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1696-1707
Author(s):  
Mesut Ulu ◽  
Hasan Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Agent Selection ◽  
Todim Method ◽  
The Right ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Fire Extinguishers

Fire is a type of disaster that has caused significant loss of property and life from past to present. If the necessary measures are not taken, they cause serious property damage, interruption of processes, death and injury. Especially in industrial facilities, the density of flammable, explosive and hazardous chemicals, chimneys, hot surfaces, static electricity and electrical hazards, hot work increases the risk of fire. Therefore, necessary precautions should be taken. The choice of extinguisher device, which includes both passive and active precaution in fire safety, provides the correct intervention in case of possible fire. In case of being a fire, it is necessary to quickly and easily extinguish without damaging the system. For this reason, choosing the right extinguisher is important. In this study, effective criteria were determined by negotiating with supplier companies for the selection of suitable fire extinguishers. After scoring for the criteria, the weights of the criteria were determined by DEMATEL method. With TODIM method, appropriate fire extinguishing agent selection and sequencing were made.

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