HAPPINESS A QURANIC PERSPECTIVE

In this study, we will study the concept of happiness, a view of happiness from the point of view of famous psychologists and philosophers, and combining Islamic thought with philosophy. This study is a basic research the different debates on the concept of happiness in the Quran. And we discuss in this article tools of happiness in life. Happiness in the hereafter, or everlasting felicity, is the ultimate goal of the believer. Although happiness is a very relative concept, it is generally the feeling that occurs when people are satisfied with the material and spiritual states, they are in. The greatest blessing bestowed upon mankind is within us and within our reach. A wise person knows how to be happy with what he has no matter what, rather than wishing what he does not have. It is a state of coinciding with what happens and what they want. All normal people desire happiness and want their happiness to be permanent. Anyone who sees that this world cannot satisfy their desire for happiness understands that this desire cannot be satisfied without God. Sometimes even love and compassion can make one feel happy. The research dealt with the names of the happiness in the Quran with their semantic aspects, then we restricted these names, and these were placed alphabetically in the letters that indicate how many times they appeared in the Quran. Later it was divided into semantic groups and analyzed within these groups, this analysis focuses on the presentation of the lexical concept and semantic content for each. In fact, the subject was also discussed within the rational framework. happiness does have a pretty important role in our lives, and it can have a huge impact on the way we live our lives. The first part of the present study focuses on how ethics philosophers explain an interpret happiness and whether it is possible to reach real happiness. In the second part, the virtues that ethics philosophers view as the fundamental elements in attaining happiness. Also, this section examines the definition of virtue, virtue types, sub-virtues, and the characteristics of virtuous acts. Consequently, this study disclosed that ancient and medieaval philosophers regarded the pursuit of happiness as a fundamental goal in one‟s life, and that these philosophers agreed that this goal could be accomplished by leading a virtuous life ‎. Keywords: Quran, Translation of The Qur’an, Sura index, Happiness, Platon, ibn Sina, Al-Farab

The Enduring Greatness: The Mahāpuruşha Paradigm—An Indian Perspective

Greatness, a relative concept, has been historically approached in different ways. Considering greatness of character as different from greatness of talents, some cultures have conceptualized greatness as an expression of human spirit leading to transcending existing patterns and awakening inner selves to new levels of consciousness, rising above times and circumstances, and to change the direction of human tide. Individuals characterized by such greatness working with higher selves, guided by moral and ethical imperatives, and possessing noble impulses of human nature are considered to be manifesting spiritual greatness. Examining such greatness is the goal of this article. Keeping Indian tradition in focus, this article has studied how greatness has been conceptualized in that particular tradition and the way in which life and times have shaped great individuals called Mahāpuruşha who exhibited extraordinary moral responsibility relentlessly in pursuit of their visions of addressing contemporary major issues and changing the direction of human life. Four Mahāpuruşha, who possessed such enduring greatness and excelled in their thoughts and actions to give a new positive direction to human life, have been profiled in this article. Suggestions have also been made for studies on moral and spiritual excellence to help realize our true human path and purpose.

Classification Of Competition In The Market Of Light Industrial Goods And The Factors That Shape It

The concept of “competitiveness” is the main category of economic sciences, including marketing. Competitiveness is defined by the value of a commodity, the value of consumption, and a number of other factors relative to similar goods in the market, and it is expressed differently in different markets as a relative concept.

Gender Role as Relative Phenomenon in Bharati Mukherjee’s Novel Desirable Daughters

Gender is a relative, fluid and dynamic phenomenon. In a traditional society woman has always been treated as “other” which needs to be changed. Human beings unconsciously remain engaged to absorb notions of gender-based manhood and womanhood. Gender construction is not static but changes with circumstances. Women who live in different environment face different problems and whole pattern of their lives changes when they change their living conditions and social set up. Gender is basically an aggregate of cultural and sociological traits which are associated with a particular being and leads to marginalization of one gender namely women. A particular behaviour is expected from that gender and vice versa. This concept is visible in the novel ‘Desirable Daughters’ by Bharati Mukherjee which is primary text for current research. The characters in this novel violate traditional limitations and gender role becomes a fluid and relative concept. So, this work focuses on highlighting that gender role is a relative term primarily a product of environment. The theoretical framework used here is third wave of feminism and the methodology employed to conduct this research is textual analysis.

University Students’ Perceptions of the Reasons for Success and Failure: A Qualitative Study

This study aims to reveal the reasons for students’ success and failure based on their own perceptions. University students served as the participants of this study in which the phenomenological method was used. Data was collected with the listing questions, developed by the researcher, which took place in the semi-structured interview form. According to the results of the study, the factors that affect both success and failure the most are personal. In addition, findings suggest that success is a relative concept from one’s personal perspective. It is thought that monitoring students and organizing both learning and sheltering environments, in accordance with their interests and needs after they are placed in university, will boost their success. Further studies may provide different perspectives by focusing on the reasons for success and failure based on the opinions of families and academics.

Theory of Relativity does not pass the Roller Coaster Test

Theory of Relativity of Einstein - Does not pass the Roller Coaster Test.To check the General Theory of Relativity, we framed out a 'Roller Coaster Test'.Here we use the twin boys and the location is earth .Boy A is asked to ride a Giant wheel at a certain place on earth, where as boy B is set to ride Deadliest roller coaster . An atomic clock of same parameters are put in the reserve pocket of both the boys. Test carried for a month giving 10 minutes rest after every ride and half hour break for nature call..The result were as follows--There was no time dilation in both clocks kept with the test boys.- The boy A in Giant wheel was happy, the boy in Deadliest, speedy roller coaster was not pleasant but was tensed.- The boy A's body temperature, blood pressure, pulse rate, sugar level, were normal and there were no extraordinary aging signs observed.-Whereas, in boy B who rides a deadliest coaster, got a high Blood Pressure, higher pulse rate, body clock disturbed. When he wake up after a sleep. He did not know whether it is day or night. He felt weak, and his body balancing got disturbed and weak. His hairs started falling. There have been a weight lost also.There have been the fast aging signs in boy B.Since, the time dilemma is not a relative concept, therefore one must not relate it with the aging signs or with speeding down of clock used at two targeted points. Hence, the Roller coaster test did not give the results, which were assumed in theory of relativity. Instead, of that the boy B moving fast in roller coaster showed aging signs growing speedier than the other boy A. Which was just opposite to the result assumed in Theory of relativity. There have been no difference observed in clock put with the boys. No time dilation observed.The Theory of Relativity did not passed the test of time.As is said, that the same span passed in vehicle traveled with light speed and a man living at the earth.but the man who travelled at light speed remained young after say 50 years, but the boy at earth got older with many aging signs. It was assumed that the time passed in the vehicle traveled by speed of light was too less as compared to the person leaves on earth.Though, this thought of Einstein is purely hypothetical, if it is compared to check the theory, the gravitational conditions must be same on the testing pursuits.The comparison of time effect in Theory of Relativity is an illusion. But the Roller coaster check reveals the reverse effects as compared to the Einstein theory of relativity. Though, we can found symmetry and relation in results. But that does not match with theory of relativity as advised by Einstein. Even, it shows the more speedier effects in aging signs,in the boy who ride on deadliest Roller Coaster. In comparison to boy who ride giant wheel. This reveals that there are some vague expressions related to time. Since, there are no definite conception on time in different situations at different states. Time is absolute term.it may not be considered as relative term. Since it is not relative term.Time can not either be contracted or dilated. It is a big illusion hence may not be accepted.

Quality assurance dimensions for e-learning institutions in Gulf countries

Purpose It has been argued in the literature that quality assurance is a relative concept. In view of the new challenges (and opportunities) created by e-learning institutions in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, this paper aims to explore the dimensions of quality assurance in e-learning and test the psychometric properties of the underlying dimensions. Design/methodology/approach A sequential mixed methods approach was applied in this study. In the qualitative phase, items were generated using the inductive and deductive approaches. This was then followed by the quantitative phase where data was collected from 275 senior academics, scholars and administrators associated with e-learning institutions in Kuwait, UAE and Saudi Arabia. Findings The findings of this study revealed that e-learning quality assurance is a multidimensional construct. The dimensions of accreditation, assessment, accountability and benchmarking were identified. Further, the model demonstrated adequacy in its validity and reliability. Practical implications In the light of proliferation of e-learning courses in GCC countries, the results of this are invaluable to enable administrators and instructors to design strategy and foster innovation in the domain of quality assurance. E-learning institutions operating in a competitive environment have to design and implement an effective strategy to achieve innovation, uniqueness and diversity in the educational sector of their countries. Originality/value This paper has successfully validated an e-learning quality assurance questionnaire, which can be used effectively for evaluating e-learning programmes.

The relative decision-making algorithm for ranking data

PurposeDecision-making is always an issue that managers have to deal with. Keenly observing to different preferences of the targets provides useful information for decision-makers who do not require too much information to make decisions. The main purpose is to avoid decision-makers in a dilemma because of too much or opaque information. Based on problem-oriented, this research aims to help decision-makers to develop a macro-vision strategy that fits the needs of different clusters of customers in terms of their favorite restaurants. This research also focuses on providing the rules to rank data sets for decision-makers to make choices for their favorite restaurant.Design/methodology/approachWhen the decision-makers need to rethink a new strategic planning, they have to think about whether they want to retain or rebuild their relationship with the old consumers or continue to care for new customers. Furthermore, many of the lecturers show that the relative concept will be more effective than the absolute one. Therefore, based on rough set theory, this research proposes an algorithm of related concepts and sends questionnaires to verify the efficiency of the algorithm.FindingsBy feeding the relative order of calculating the ranking rules, we find that it will be more efficient to deal with the faced problems.Originality/valueThe algorithm proposed in this research is applied to the ranking data of food. This research proves that the algorithm is practical and has the potential to reveal important patterns in the data set.

Comparative assessment of average clinical smile parameters in male and female patients with orthognathic occlusion

Relevance. Separate issues in anthropomorphic sizes of relative norm of the ideal smile, its qualitative and qualitative parameters have not been addressed to sufficiently and are not properly reflected in scientific literature.Purpose. To determine distinguishing features in average smile parameters of the smile in male and female patients with orthognathic occlusion.Materials and methods. A clinical and anthropometric evaluation of parameters in main smile types was carried out for 150 young males and 150 young females aged 19-24 who had identical physiological development parameters.Results. It has been revealed that occurrence frequency of main smile types in patients with orthognathic occlusion has pronounced signs of sexual dimorphism which in over one half of the cases lies in predominance of the incisal smile type in males (52.7%) and the fascial type in females (55.3%). Occurence frequency of the cervical smile type totaled 25% among the studied patients of both genders. Average vertical size parameters in the incisal smile lies within the diapason of 3.91-4.91mm with surpassing by 1mm in males. Analogical data for the fascial smile type form the diapason of 6.21-6.73mm with surpassing by 0.52mm in females. The cervical smile type is characterised by larger vertical size forming the diapason of 7.94-8.91mm with surpassing by 0.97mm in males.Conclusion. The results of the study have shown that the “beautiful and ideal smile” is a relative concept having varied anthropometric characteristics and pronounced signs of sexual dimorphism lying in a broad spectrum of the dentofacial system norm notion with specific vectors for individual morphological deviations.

Poverty

Conventional representations of poverty treat it as a condition characterized by a lack of resources. In recent years, those representations have been challenged, as poverty has increasingly come to be understood as a complex, multi-dimensional set of issues. It is not a single, unified idea. A ‘relative’ concept of poverty interprets the problems of poverty as socially constructed, socially defined or associated with inequality; but the idea of relative poverty still treats poverty as state of being. ‘Structural’ concepts of poverty see poverty as the product of social relationships. A relational view of poverty begins from a different conceptual base. Much of the experience of poverty is relational: examples include problems of social exclusion, lack of security, gender relationships and lack of power. The constituent elements of poverty are relational: poverty is closely identified with specific statuses such as class, dependency and lack of entitlement. Command over resources is no less relational: the things that people can buy or use, such as access to land or finance, also depend on the position of other people. Poverty is constituted by such relationships. It is, in and of itself, a relational concept.