Sterlet reproduction in the Volga region as a complex structural problem of aquaculture development

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Marina Lvovna Kalayda ◽  
Svetlana Dmitrievna Borisova ◽  
Madina Farhadovna Khamitova ◽  
Andrey Andreevich Kalayda
Keyword(s):  
Fish Population ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Kuibyshev Reservoir ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
Genotypic Characteristics

Changes in the Volga River and its fish population are considered in the historical aspect. The importance of studies of sterlet in the composition of ichthyofauna in the period before the regulation of the river and after the creation of a cascade of reservoirs is shown. The ideas of ichthyologists of the early and late 20th century on the reproduction of sterlet are presented. Data on the decrease in catches of sterlet and its inclusion in the Red Data Books is presented. It is noted that for a long period the main task of sterlet reproduction was considered to be — release into natural reservoirs to replenish the local fish stock. The required amount of young sterlet for the annual release into the Kuibyshev reservoir for the task of removing sterlet from the Red Data Book was determined — 8.6 million. For the task of forming its livestock in accordance with the plan for reorganizing the “Big Volga” and increasing its catches to the planned values in catches in the reservoir, an annual release of 57 million pieces is required. The need is shown at the present stage of development of biotechnology for growing and reproducing sterlet in the structure of tasks to bring the commercial reproduction of sterlet and its hybrids to the first place in terms of volumes. This will provide people with healthy food and enhance the country’s food security. Dividing the reproduction of sterlet into separate tasks will also make it possible to involve in this process numerous farmers who are ready to raise sturgeon fish, but who do not have sufficient training to select fish in accordance with their genotypic characteristics. Expansion of commercial production will potentially relieve some of the load on natural aquatic ecosystems and optimize the release of juveniles.

THE EFFECT OF SEASONAL HARVESTING ON A STAGE-STRUCTURED DISCRETE MODEL WITH BIRTH PULSES

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (09) ◽  
pp. 2575-2586 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHUJING GAO ◽  
LANSUN CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Single Pulse ◽  
Stage Structure ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Basins Of Attraction ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Natural Period ◽  
Discrete Population ◽  
Mature Fish

In this paper, we propose an exploited single-species discrete population model with stage structure for the dynamics in a fish population for which births occur in a single pulse once per time period. Using the stroboscopic map, we obtain an exact cycle of the system, and obtain the threshold conditions for its stability. Bifurcation diagrams are constructed with the birth rate (or harvesting effort) as the bifurcation parameter, and these are observed to display complex dynamic behaviors, including chaotic bands with period windows, pitchfork and tangent bifurcation, nonunique dynamics (meaning that several attractors or attractor and chaos coexist), basins of attraction and attractor crisis. This suggests that birth pulse provides a natural period or cyclicity that makes the dynamical behaviors more complex. Moreover, we show that the timing of harvesting has a strong impact on the persistence of the fish population, on the volume of mature fish stock and on the maximum annual-sustainable yield. An interesting result is obtained that, after the birth pulses, the population can sustain much higher harvesting effort if the mature fish is removed as early in the season as possible.

scholarly journals Transformation of Criteria for the Efficiency of Economic Activities of Countries in the Context of the Modern Model of Globalization

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Makarova ◽  
Vasilii Rudyakov
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Location ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
National Economies

Although macroeconomics as an independent economic science emerged only in the twen­tieth century, the first steps in developing the macroeconomic aspect of efficiency were taken several centuries earlier — beginning from the 16th — 17th centuries — at the pre-industrial stage of development of society. Due to the underdevelopment of the production sphere, the search for sources of growth in the efficiency of national economies at that time was mainly carried out from the most general economic positions — as an integral part of solving the main task of the economics of those eras — searching for ways and means of increasing the wealth of nations. At the same time, naturally, among the first were the climatic and foreign economic factors of increasing the efficiency of national economies. For example, factors related to identifying the advantages of various countries in a geographic location and the ability to solve their economic problems by using the most advantageous options for organizing and conducting foreign economic and trade relations. The transition of developed countries to new stages of development — industrial and postindustrial, as well as the selection by John M. Keynes of the new direction of economic research — macroeconomics, historically leads both to a deepening of the meaning of the very category of “macroeconomic efficiency” and to more detailed studies of factors affecting it.

scholarly journals FORENSICS CHARACTERISTICS IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE CRIME INVESTIGATION METHODOLOGY

2021 ◽  
pp. 228-243
Author(s):  
Е. Lukianchykov ◽  
B. Lukianchykov ◽  
S. Petriaiev
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Qualitative Changes

The article deals with the problematic issues of the forensics characteristics of crimes as a scientific category of forensic science and tools of cognitive activity in the disclosure and investigation of crimes. Attention is drawn to the fact that the modern stage of development of society is characterized not only by quantitative, but also by qualitative changes in the state of crime. New types of crimes are appearing and traditional methods of their commission and concealment are being improved using the achievements of scientific and technological progress. Significant parts of the crimes remain unsolved, and the persons who committed them are not punished. Law enforcement agencies are faced with the task of quickly disclosing them and protecting the violated rights of victims. Science, primarily forensic science, is called upon to provide assistance in solving such problems. In the historical aspect, the development of the theory of forensic methodology, determining its place in the system of forensic science is considered. It is noted that it is advisable to consider the forensic methodology both as a branch of science, and as a system of knowledge about the technology of investigating crimes, and the technology itself, a kind of algorithm for investigating crimes, which is implemented in the practical activities of investigators, detectives, prosecutors. Attention is drawn to the fact that since the mid-80s of the last century, the concept of criminalistics characteristics of crimes has entered the scientific circulation. Its correlation with the subject of proof and the opinions of scientists and practitioners about the place of forensic characteristics in the structure of private methods of investigation of certain types of crimes are analyzed. Based on the analysis, the author substantiates the conclusion that the forensic characterization of crimes should be considered as a structural element of a private investigation methodology and the basis for the development of such methods. Attention is drawn to the mandatory study of the correlation dependences between its elements, which can serve as a key to disclosing a specific crime.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS OF SPECTRALLY AND ENERGY-EFFICIENT SIGNAL-CODE CONSTRUCTIONS FOR MIMO SYSTEMS WITH SIGNALS SPATIAL CODING

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
V.I. Solodovnyk ◽  
◽  
M.I. Naumenko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Mimo Systems ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Spatial Coding ◽  
Perfect Codes ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Code Constructions

Wireless communication systems are considered, the main task of which is to increase their spectral (SE) and energy efficiency (EE) in conditions of limited frequency and energy resources. Additional use of the spatial resource based on flexible and universal methods of signals Space-Time Coding (STC) in MIMO-systems (Multiple Input - Multiple Output) can significantly increase the SE and EE values, as well as significantly improve the capabilities and conditions for EE exchange on SE. The advantages and disadvantages of Orthogonal Space-Time Block Coding (OSTBC) and Non-Orthogonal STBC (NOSTBC) are shown. Two main methods of synthesis of spectrally and energy-efficient information transmission methods are demonstrated. The first method is implemented by creating Perfect-codes that simultaneously achieve maximum diversity and multiplexing gains. The exponential computational decoding complexity of such codes makes it impossible for their practical implementation in mobile terminals at the present stage of development of circuitry. The second method of synthesis is based on improving the simple basic STC methods in terms of increasing the SE and EE by creating Signal-Code Constructions (SCC), which have the advantages of the basic STC methods and are devoid of the disadvantages inherent in Perfect-codes. A technique for the synthesis of SCC is proposed, the essence of which is to determine the priority areas (by the value of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)) of using the STC and corresponding signal constellations, which provide the maximum SE for a guaranteed Bit Error Rate (BER). It was found that MIMO 2x2 with Alamouti OSTBC has an advantage in terms of EE over NOSTBC type VBLAST for SE not more than 8 b/s/Hz and SNR under 35 dB, BER not exceeding 10-5. In MIMO 4x4, OSTBC codes are inferior to NOSTBC in terms of EE. VBLAST code allows to provide SE 4 - 8 b/s/Hz at SNR 10 - 20 dB, BER not exceeding 10-5. Based on the results obtained, propositions for further improvement of OSTBC and NOSTBC are formulated.

scholarly journals Sixteen lessons from a 40-year quest to understand the mysterious life of the grey triggerfish

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 2321-2332 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Gerlotto
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Balistes Capriscus ◽  
Population Structures ◽  
History Of

Abstract Fish stock assessments based solely on energy flow through the ecosystem are not good predictors of population dynamics. To accurately forecast the response of populations within one or more ecological regimes, consideration must be given to non-trophic mechanisms allowing interactions inside the system, and fish behaviour in response to changes in their habitats. The example of the grey triggerfish (Balistes capriscus) in West Africa shows that fisheries biology is unable to model satisfactorily the life of a fish population. The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries improves the models but does not overcome this fundamental limitation. Data from direct observations of fish biology and behaviour must be added to the catch and environmental data to help to design energetic-cybernetic models in order to anticipate non-linear and chaotic dynamics. This requires adding data collected by fishers (e.g. underwater acoustics) to scientific data bases, conceiving environmental indicators (e.g. habitat), and using scenarios to anticipate the reactions of populations to regime shifts. It also requires a good understanding of the population structures and strategies. We developed the concept of “pelagic metapopulation” which, through comparative analysis with the jack mackerel (Trachurus murphyi), allowed us to propose a hypothesis explaining the history of the grey triggerfish population.

scholarly journals The dynamics of a recovering fish stock: Georges Bank herring

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary D. Melvin ◽  
Robert L. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Period ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Georges Bank ◽  
Spawning Stock ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract Melvin, G. D., and Stephenson, R. L. 2007. The dynamics of a recovering fish stock: Georges Bank herring – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64, 69–82. The decline and subsequent recovery of Georges Bank Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) provides a rare opportunity to examine the dynamics of a recovering fish population. Moreover, the near absence of a commercial fishery on Georges Bank between 1978 and 1995 removes the confounding effects of exploitation during the recovery period. Herring abundance on Georges Bank increased and the distribution of adult spawning fish evolved from a few isolated locations to most of the northern fringe during the period 1983–1995. The distribution of recently hatched larvae also expanded in a manner consistent with progressive occupation of historical spawning grounds. Changes in the size composition and age structure of herring during the spawning season broadened from the dominance of a single age class to multiple year classes as the stock recovered and expanded. Growth, as reflected by length-at-age, decreased significantly and was correlated with the number of fish estimated to be in the stock. This and the observed difference in mean length and length at first spawning during the recovery provide strong evidence of density-dependent growth. In particular, there is a highly correlated (p<0.01) relationship between the number of 4+ herring in the stock at the start of the year and the mean length of herring aged 3 recruiting to the spawning stock in autumn of the same year. A mechanism based on an extended period of prespawning interaction is proposed to explain the density-dependence.

scholarly journals High-Resolution Acoustic Cameras Provide Direct and Efficient Assessments of Large Demersal Fish Populations in Extremely Turbid Waters

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1899
Author(s):  
Céline Artero ◽  
Simon Marchetti ◽  
Eric Bauer ◽  
Christophe Viala ◽  
Claire Noël ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Acoustic Signal ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Demersal Fish ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Fish Stock ◽  
Actual Length ◽  
Marine Habitats

Monitoring fish species populations in very turbid environments is challenging. Acoustic cameras allow work in very poor visibility but are often deployed as a fixed observation point, limiting the scope of the survey. A BlueView P900-130 acoustic camera was deployed in rocky marine habitats off the coast of French Guiana in order to assess the total abundance, size structure and spatial distribution of a demersal fish population. The relevancy of using an acoustic camera to achieve these three objectives was evaluated by comparing acoustic data to those obtained from fishing surveys. The detection and identification of large demersal fish species were possible with the shape and size of the acoustic signal and acoustic shadow silhouette as well as swimming behavior. Mobile surveys combined with stationary surveys increased the probability of distinguishing individuals from inanimate objects. Estimated total length based on the acoustic signal underestimated the actual length of fish measured on deck, but the data showed the same trends in spatial and temporal variation. Acoustic cameras overcame the extreme lack of visibility by increasing knowledge of fish use of habitat, therefore providing much more efficiency in the effort, more accurate data on the abundance, size structure and spatial distribution than the fishing method. Thus, despite few limitations, acoustic camera surveys are far superior to fishing surveys in evaluating large demersal fish stock status.

scholarly journals The Pollutants Distribution Types in the Middle and Lower Volga Water and Bottom Sediments

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Kuibyshev Reservoir ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Volga Reservoirs ◽  
Iron Manganese

The outcomes of hydro/chemical and soil 1800 km long surveying of the Volga River from Kazan to Astrakhan have been analyzed. Conjugated analysis of the organic (petroleum products, phenols, and pesticides) and non-organic (metals – Cd, Co, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cr, Mn, Fe, Al) pollutants and their proportion in the Middle and Lower Volga (Kuibyshev, Saratov and Volgograd reservoirs) and unregulated part of downstream water and bottom sediments has been carried out. To test a hypothesis on the system interaction of different types of pollutants content distribution in water and bottom sediments their spatially determined comparative assessment has been applied for the first time. Three main types of the pollutants distribution within the“water-bottom sediments” system have been singled out: depositing, transit, and active/passive self-purification types. The “transit” type of metals distribution is typical for Kuibyshev reservoir. It is characterized by the higher metals concentration in water and the absence of their content increase in bottom sediments. Zones of self-purification from metal compounds have been found in water areas of Saratov and Volgograd reservoirs, while depositing zones are typical for the Volga downstream where metals accumulation in sediments have been found. A considerable portion of pesticides and petroleum products supplied to the Volga reservoirs’ ecosystems is accumulated by bottom sediments. The most part of the Middle and Lower Volga water area is a zone of active selfpurification in terms of phenol compounds. It has been shown that when the Volga environmental conditions is assessed the indicators of copper, nickel, as well as iron, manganese, cadmium and petroleum products in bottom sediments are the most informative.

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN FRANCE: THE HISTORICAL ASPECT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alla Durdas
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
University Education ◽  
Historical Aspect ◽  
Multistage System ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
French Experience ◽  
Mobility Programs

The relevance of the study of the historical development of university education in France has been grounded in the article. The complex and multistage system of French higher education has been considered. The stages of the development of education in French universities have been determined and the features of each of these stages have been considered. The article highlights the formation and historical development of higher education in France. The article draws attention to the achievements of the French system of higher education and its uniqueness. The role and place of grand schools in the system of higher education in France have been singled out. The leading grand schools and universities have been mentioned in the article, and the conditions of admission to them have been stated. The attention has been paid to practically equal quality of education in the capital and in the province. The unique features of France’s higher education, conditioned by the stages of its historical development and social processes, have been determined. In the article the attention has been drawn to the national character of the French higher education. The role of the state in financing of the higher education in France has been considered. France’s participation in students’ mobility programs has been stated. The modern stage of development of the system of French university education, the features of structural transformations and the possibility of implementing of French experience in Ukraine have been considered.

scholarly journals ВЛИЯНИЕ УРОВЕННОГО РЕЖИМА НА ЕСТЕСТВЕННОЕ ВОСПРОИЗВОДСТВО РЫБ КУЙБЫШЕВСКОГО ВОДОХРАНИЛИЩА

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Фирдауз Мубараковна Шакирова ◽  
Юрий Александрович Северов ◽  
Венера Зиннатовна Латыпова ◽  
Владимир Георгиевич Терещенко ◽  
Надежда Юльевна Степанова
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Formation Water ◽  
Kuibyshev Reservoir ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Freshwater Biological Association ◽  
Integral Assessment

Приведены результаты исследований естественного воспроизводства основных промысловых видов рыб Куйбышевского водохранилища и анализ динамики уровня воды водоема в весенне-летний и осенний периоды 2011–2020 гг. Показано влияние уровенного и температурного режимов на эффективность воспроизводства, нагул и выживаемость молоди. Определен оптимальный гидрологический режим водохранилища в период размножения и нагула фитофильных видов (лещ и плотва). Выявлено, что начальным показателем эффективности размножения рыб является численность в водоеме личинок. Уровень воды в весенний период играет важную роль для эффективного нереста фитофильных видов рыб, тогда как для пелагофильных видов он не столь существенен. Проведен расчет урожайности рыб за весь исследуемый временной период при средней относительной численности личинок равной 164.1±39.1 экз./усилие. Библиографические ссылки 1. Дрягин П.А. Формирование рыбных запасов в водохранилищах СССР // Известия ГосНИОРХ. 1961. Т. 50. С. 382–394. 2. Ильина Л.К., Поддубный А.Г. Режим уровней верхне-волжских водохранилищ и его регулирование в интересах рыбного хозяйства // Рыбное хозяйство внутренних водоемов СССР. М., 1963. С. 47–56. 3. Коблицкая А.Ф. Определитель молоди пресноводных рыб. М.: Легкая и пищевая промышленность, 1981. 208 с. 4. Кузнецов В.А. Особенности воспроизводства рыб в условиях зарегулированного стока реки. Казань: Изд-во Казан. ун-та, 1978. 160 с. 5. Кузнецов В.А. Методы изучения размножения рыб. Казань: Изд-во Казан. ун-та, 2005. Ч. 1. 35 с.; Ч. 2. 28 с. 6. Махотин Ю.М. Эффективность размножения основных промысловых рыб и распределение их молоди в Куйбышевском водохранилище: Автореф. дисс. … канд. биол. наук. Казань, 1973. 22 с. 7. Махотин Ю.М. Влияние некоторых факторов среды на эффективность нереста и распределение молоди рыб в Куйбышевском водохранилище // Труды Татарского отделения ГосНИОРХ. 1970. Вып. 11. С. 109–120. 8. Махотин Ю.М. Условия нереста и распределение молоди рыб в Куйбышевском водохранилище // Распределение и численность промысловых рыб Куйбышевского водохранилища и обусловливающие их факторы / Тр. Татарского отделения ГосНИОРХ. 1972. Вып. 12. С. 68–113. 9. Методики оценки запасов, определения ОДУ и возможного вылова водных биоресурсов Каспийского бассейна с целью управления рыболовством. Астрахань: Изд. Касп- НИРХ, 2011. 119 с. 10. Пахоруков А.М. Изучение распределения рыб в водохранилищах и озёрах. М.: Наука, 1980. 64 с. 11. Поддубный А.Г., Лапицкий И.И., Володин А.М., Конобеева В.К. Эффективность воспроизводства рыбных запасов в водохранилищах // Биологические ресурсы водохранилищ. М.: Наука, 1984. С. 204–227. 12. Правдин И.Ф. Руководство по изучению рыб. М.: Пищевая промышленность, 1966. 376 с. 13. Цыплаков Э.П. Уровенный режим Куйбышевского водохранилища и его влияние на воспроизводство рыбных запасов // Рыбохозяйственное изучение внутренних водоёмов / Сборник научных трудов ГосНИОРХ. 1974. №12. С. 37–42. 14. Шакирова Ф.М., Таиров Р.Г., Шашуловский В.А., Северов Ю.А., Ермолин В.П. Влияние уровенного режима водохранилищ на формирование запасов рыб (на примере Куйбышевского и Волгоградского водохранилищ) // Сборник научных трудов Татарского отделения ГосНИОРХ. 2013. Вып. 13. С. 22‒34. 15. Шакирова Ф.М., Северов Ю.А. Видовой состав ихтиофауны Куйбышевского водохранилища // Вопросы ихтиологии. 2014. Т. 54, №5. С. 520–532. 16. Шакирова Ф.М., Северов Ю.А., Латыпова В.З. Современный состав чужеродных видов рыб Куйбышевского водохранилища и возможности проникновения новых представителей в экосистему водоема // Российский журнал биологических инвазий. 2015. №3. С. 77–97. 17. Andersen J.H., Dahl K., Göke C., Hartvig M., Murray C., Rindorf A., Skov H., Vinther M., Korpinen S. Integrated assessment of marine biodiversity status using a prototype indicator- based assessment tool // Frontiersin marine science. 2014. №1. Р. 1–8. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2014.00055 18. Barnett L.A., Branch T.A., Ranasinghe A.R., Essington T.E. Old-Growth fishes become scarce under fishing // Current biology. 2017. №27. Р. 2843–2848. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.069 19. Böving H.P. Die Fisch faunades Rheinstremeundsein erdikernangr enzenden Altwasserim Niederrheingebiet // Decheniane. 1981. B. 139. S. 260–273. 20. Boznak E.I., Tereshchenko V.G., Zakharov A.B. Change in the state of the exploited fish population: From individual indicators to integral assessment // Biosystems diversity. 2020. №4. P. 405-410. doi: 10.15421/012052 21. Hsieh C.H., Reiss C.S., Hunter J.R., Beddington J.R., May R.M., Sugihara G. Fishing elevates variability in the abundance of exploited species // Nature. 2006. № 443, Р. 859‒862. doi: 10.1038/nature05232 22. Kuznetsov V.A. Change of the ecosystem of the Kuibyshev reservoir in the process of its formation // Water resources. 1997. №24. Р. 228–233. 23. Kottelat M., Freyhof J. Handbook of European freshwater fishes. Delemont (Switzerland): Imprimerie du Democrate SA, 2007. 646 p. 24. Pinder A.C., Sutcliffe D.W. Keys to larval and juvenile stages of coarse fishes from fresh waters in the British Isles // Freshwater Biological Association, Scientific Publication. V. 60. The Ferry House, Ambleside, 2001. 136 p.

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