scholarly journals Recording Persicaria maculosa and P. lapathifolia (Polygonaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Colour Variation ◽  
Complex Group ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Outer Tepal

Persicaria maculosa Gray (Redshank) is a distinct species which can be distinguished from all forms of P. lapathifolia (L.) Delarbe (Pale Persicaria) based on the outer tepal veins. The recording and identification of these two taxa can be clouded by colour variation (especially in the latter species) and due to varied treatments in different works or Floras. This article describes ways to separate the two species and gives details of the various treatments in order for others to decide which taxonomic work should be followed. It suggests that there is a greater need for further morphological and or molecular studies for this complex group in order to form a consensus. Hybrids may occur but none have been confirmed by scientific methods. It may be that most of these taxa (especially in P. lapathifolia s.l.) are recognizable as forms or varieties, and this is also suggested (informally at present) by the author below, until further work clarifies the situation.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial phylogeography of baboons (Papiospp.) – Indication for introgressive hybridization?

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Zinner ◽  
Linn F Groeneveld ◽  
Christina Keller ◽  
Christian Roos
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
East African ◽  
Hamadryas Baboons ◽  
Olive Baboons ◽  
Initial Separation ◽  
Molecular Studies

Abstract Background Baboons of the genus Papio are distributed over wide ranges of Africa and even colonized parts of the Arabian Peninsula. Traditionally, five phenotypically distinct species are recognized, but recent molecular studies were not able to resolve their phylogenetic relationships. Moreover, these studies revealed para- and polyphyletic (hereafter paraphyletic) mitochondrial clades for baboons from eastern Africa, and it was hypothesized that introgressive hybridization might have contributed substantially to their evolutionary history. To further elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among baboons, we extended earlier studies by analysing the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and the 'Brown region' from 67 specimens collected at 53 sites, which represent all species and which cover most of the baboons' range. Results Based on phylogenetic tree reconstructions seven well supported major haplogroups were detected, which reflect geographic populations and discordance between mitochondrial phylogeny and baboon morphology. Our divergence age estimates indicate an initial separation into southern and northern baboon clades 2.09 (1.54–2.71) million years ago (mya). We found deep divergences between haplogroups within several species (~2 mya, northern and southern yellow baboons, western and eastern olive baboons and northern and southern chacma baboons), but also recent divergence ages among species (< 0.7 mya, yellow, olive and hamadryas baboons in eastern Africa). Conclusion Our study confirms earlier findings for eastern Africa, but shows that baboon species from other parts of the continent are also mitochondrially paraphyletic. The phylogenetic patterns suggest a complex evolutionary history with multiple phases of isolation and reconnection of populations. Most likely all these biogeographic events were triggered by multiple cycles of expansion and retreat of savannah biomes during Pleistocene glacial and inter-glacial periods. During contact phases of populations reticulate events (i.e. introgressive hybridization) were highly likely, similar to ongoing hybridization, which is observed between East African baboon populations. Defining the extent of the introgressive hybridization will require further molecular studies that incorporate additional sampling sites and nuclear loci.

scholarly journals DNA-based diversity assessment reveals a new coral barnacle, Cantellius alveoporae sp. nov. (Balanomorpha: Pyrgomatidae) exclusively associated with the high latitude coral Alveopora japonica in the waters of southern Korea

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11284
Author(s):  
Hyun Kyong Kim ◽  
Benny K.K. Chan ◽  
Sung Joon Song ◽  
Jong Seong Khim
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Andaman Sea ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Diversity Assessment ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Southern Korea ◽  
Specialist Species

In the present study, the Indo-Pacific coral associated barnacle Cantellius euspinulosum (Broch, 1931) was found to have cryptic species in Korea, Taiwan and other regions based on molecular studies. However, the original specimens of C. euspinulosum from Broch have not been previously described or illustrated, making it difficult to assign which cryptic species to the original C. euspinulosum. The original specimen of C. euspinulosum was examined and illustrated here, and the species identity of C. cf. euspinulosum collected from Jejudo Island in the present study and other cryptic species (based on literature illustrations) in the Indo-Pacific were evaluated.C. euspinulosum from Singapore, Java, Mergui Archipelago in Andaman Sea and Nha Trang represented the C. euspinulosum identified by Broch (1931). It is a generalist on Acropora, Favia, Favites, Leptoria, Montipora, Pachyseris and Pocillipora corals and distributed in the Indo-Pacific region. Morphological examination and DNA sequencing (COI, 12S DNA sequences) in the present study showed that C. cf. euspinulosum from Jejudo Island, Korea represents a distinct species, herein named C. alveoporae sp. nov. Cantellius alveroporae sp. nov. is a specialist species that only grows on Alveopora and also present in Palau, and Ogasawara Island in Japan. Cantellius cf. euspinuloum in Taiwan, the Moscos Island, and Australia belong to several other distinct species awaiting further morphological and molecular studies. At least five cryptic species of C. euspinulosum were identified in the present study, including both specialist and generalists.

scholarly journals TRICHOGRAMMA PRETIOSA, RILEY: COLOUR VARIATION IN THE ADULT, WITH DESCRIPTION OF A NEW VARIETY

1906 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Arsene Girault
Keyword(s):  
Original Description ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Yellow Colour ◽  
Colour Variation ◽  
Pale Yellow ◽  
Pale Yellow Colour ◽  
Trichogramma Minutum

In the original description of this insect, * Dr.Riley says that on account of its uniform pale yellow colour it is easily distinguished from Trichogramma minutum, Riley, which is black. Unfortunately, this does not hold.† Out of the hundreds of specimens of pretiosa reared during the enire season of 1904, at Paris, Texas, from the eggs of Heliothis obsoleta, Fabricius, there appeared from a lot of host eggs on Sept. 20th a number of dark individuals, which could easily have been mistaken for a distinct species.

scholarly journals Kiefferulus tainanus (Kieffer, 1912) is a distinct species, not a synonym of Kiefferulus barbatitarsis (Kieffer, 1911)

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Martin
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Molecular Studies

<p>Morphological and molecular studies indicate that <em>Kiefferulus tainanus</em> (Kieffer 1912) is quite distinct from <em>K. barbatitarsis</em> (Kieffer 1911), and not a synonym of the latter species, as has previously been suggested.  The suggestion of synonymy seems to have arisen in part from a comparison based on the figures of <em>K. tainanus</em> in Sasa (1979), which depict an unusually thickened male superior volsella.  Other characters, and mitochondrial COI sequence, suggest the two species are not particularly closely related.</p>

Usnea dasopoga (Ach.) Nyl. and U. barbata (L.) F. H. Wigg. (Ascomycetes, Parmeliaceae) are two different species: a plea for reliable identifications in molecular studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-230
Author(s):  
Philippe Clerc ◽  
Yamama Naciri
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework

AbstractUsing molecular data to delimit species or reconstruct their evolutionary history is now widely used across all organisms. However, such analyses can suffer from poor or false specimen identifications leading to incorrect conclusions. Here we show that the use of misidentified specimens in a phylogenetic framework resulted in questionable conclusions in a previously published study (Mark et al. 2016). Using morphological, chemical and statistical analyses on the specimens used in that study, we found support for Usnea barbata and U. dasopoga being morphologically and anatomically distinct species with separate clusters in the molecular phylogeny. Furthermore, our revision of specimen identifications refutes the synonymization of U. substerilis with U. lapponica. In conclusion, we discuss the issue of correct identification of voucher specimens in DNA databases and conclude with some general suggestions to avoid false specimen identifications in phylogenetic studies.

scholarly journals Resurrection of Ornithogalum brevipedicellatum (Asparagaceae) with morphological and molecular data

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Candan Aykurt ◽  
İsmail G. Deniz ◽  
Duygu Sari ◽  
Mecit Vural ◽  
Hüseyin Sümbül
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract This study evaluates Ornithogalum brevipedicellatum, which was previously accepted as a synonym of O. oligophyllum, as a separate distinct species and discusses the similarities and differences between O. brevipedicellatum and its related species (O. oligophyllum and O. pamphylicum). Similarities and differences among these species were identifi ed by morphological and molecular studies. The leaf morphology and inflorescence of O. brevipedicellatum and O. pamphylicum are similar to each other, and in terms of these features, they show differences from O. oligophyllum. Some diagnostic characteristics are quite different in O. brevipedicellatum and O. pamphylicum, such as the size of tepals, length of fruiting pedicels and style. Morphological data were supported by the results obtained from molecular studies. According to a dendrogram obtained by molecular studies, O. brevipedicellatum and O. pamphylicum are similar. O. oligophyllum is more closely related to O. pyrenaicum used as an out-group. Additionally, the seeds of O. brevipedicellatum were examined with the use of scanning electron microscopy

Molecular studies on Punctelia species of the Iberian Peninsula, with an emphasis on specimens newly colonizing Madrid

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana CRESPO ◽  
Pradeep K. DIVAKAR ◽  
Arturo ARGÜELLO ◽  
Concepción GASCA ◽  
David L. HAWKSWORTH
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Majority Rule ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Central Plateau ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
First Time

The first molecular phylogenetic study on a range of Punctelia species is reported, focussing on specimens growing in the Iberian Peninsula. Material of seven species was included in the analysis. Forty sequences were generated from nuITS and mtSSU rDNA in 20 specimens, and the resultant majority rule consensus tree from the combined analyses shows four major clades. Punctelia ulophylla is confirmed as a distinct species, P. reddenda is basal to P. borreri, and P. perreticulata groups with P. subrudecta. Samples identified as P. rudecta from the Canary Islands and China occupy different basal positions; the complex merits further study. Punctelia borreri and P. subrudecta are mainly coastal in the Iberian Peninsula, but are now reported from the central plateau for the first time; newly colonizing thalli have been found in a park in Madrid which is regularly spray-watered and where sulphur dioxide levels have fallen over the last two decades.

Discrimination of the bumble bee species Bombus occidentalis Greene and B. terricola Kirby by morphometric, colour and RAPD variation

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3608 (5) ◽  
pp. 328-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBIN E. OWEN ◽  
TROY L. WHIDDEN
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Colour Variation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wing Morphometrics

The taxonomic status of B. terricola Kirby and B. occidentalis Greene has long been questioned. However recent COI gene sequence data suggests that B. occidentalis and B. terricola do represent good biological species. In this paper we test the hypothesis that B. terricola and B. occidentalis are conspecific by using independent morphometric and genetic (RAPD) data. For comparison we also analyzed one consubgeneric species, B. moderatus (now B. crytptarum), and one non-consubgeneric species B. (Pyrobombus) perplexus. Discriminant function analysis of wing morphometric data correctly classified over 85% of the specimens of B. occidentalis and B. terricola. Analysis of molecular variance of the RAPD data showed a significant difference (P < 0.0001) between B. occidentalis and B. terricola. Colour variation from laboratory reared colonies of B. occidentalis suggests that probably two gene locus inheritance is likely but that hybridization as the sole basis for the colour variation seen in the nominate taxon B. occidentalis can be excluded. We conclude that B. terricola and B. occidentalis should be regarded as distinct species which have recently diverged, and that they can be distinguished by wing morphometrics and RAPD genotypes. Where they are sympatric (e.g. in Alberta) colour pattern variation is confined to B. occidentalis.

Hemiboea thanhhoensis (Gesneriaceae), a new species from northern Vietnam

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 414 (3) ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
CUONG HUU NGUYEN ◽  
LEONID VLADIMIROVICH AVERYANOV ◽  
FANG WEN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Southwestern China ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Guangxi Province ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
A New Species

Before 2010, Hemiboea Clarke (1798: 18) included about 23 species and 5 varieties mostly in central, southern and southwestern China, northern Vietnam and southern Japan (Ryukyu Islands), with the highest species diversity in southern and southwestern China (Weber 2004, Li & Wang 2004). Over the last two decades, 11 new taxa have been found and described in southern and southwestern China: eight new species and one new variety from Guangxi province (Li 2004, Li & Liu 2004, Xu et al. 2010, 2012, Wen et al. 2011, 2013, Pan et al. 2012, Zhou et al. 2013), two new species from Yunnan (Zhang et al. 2014, Chen et al. 2018), and one from Guizhou (Li et al. 2018). Meanwhile, the genus Metabriggsia Wang (1983: 1) including two species was revised and merged within Hemiboea (Weber et al. 2011). Additionally, H. subcapitata var. pterocaulis Li (2004: 261) was assigned from a variety to a distinct species, namely H. pterocaulis (Z.Y.Li) J.Huang, X.G.Xiang & Q.Zhang in Huang et al. (2017: 8) based on extensive morphological, phenological and molecular studies.

A scanning electron microscopic study of the eggs of Culicoides variipennis (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 884-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Nunamaker ◽  
C. E. Nunamaker ◽  
B. C. Wick
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
Hemorrhagic Disease ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Laboratory Colony ◽  
Culicoides Variipennis ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Scanning Electron

Culicoides variipennis (Coquillett) is probably the most economically important species of biting midge in the U.S. due to its involvement in the transmission of bluetongue (BT) disease of sheep, cattle and ruminant wildlife, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease (EHD) of deer. Proposals have been made to recognize the eastern and western populations of this insect vector as distinct species. Others recommend use of the term “variipennis complex” until such time that the necessary biosystematic studies have been made to determine the genetic nature and/or minute morphological differences within the population structure over the entire geographic range of the species. Increasingly, students of ootaxonomy are relying on scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess chorionic features. This study was undertaken to provide comparative chorionic data for the C. variipennis complex.Culicoides variipennis eggs were collected from a laboratory colony maintained in Laramie, Wyoming.

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