Discrimination of the bumble bee species Bombus occidentalis Greene and B. terricola Kirby by morphometric, colour and RAPD variation

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3608 (5) ◽  
pp. 328-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBIN E. OWEN ◽  
TROY L. WHIDDEN
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Colour Variation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wing Morphometrics

The taxonomic status of B. terricola Kirby and B. occidentalis Greene has long been questioned. However recent COI gene sequence data suggests that B. occidentalis and B. terricola do represent good biological species. In this paper we test the hypothesis that B. terricola and B. occidentalis are conspecific by using independent morphometric and genetic (RAPD) data. For comparison we also analyzed one consubgeneric species, B. moderatus (now B. crytptarum), and one non-consubgeneric species B. (Pyrobombus) perplexus. Discriminant function analysis of wing morphometric data correctly classified over 85% of the specimens of B. occidentalis and B. terricola. Analysis of molecular variance of the RAPD data showed a significant difference (P < 0.0001) between B. occidentalis and B. terricola. Colour variation from laboratory reared colonies of B. occidentalis suggests that probably two gene locus inheritance is likely but that hybridization as the sole basis for the colour variation seen in the nominate taxon B. occidentalis can be excluded. We conclude that B. terricola and B. occidentalis should be regarded as distinct species which have recently diverged, and that they can be distinguished by wing morphometrics and RAPD genotypes. Where they are sympatric (e.g. in Alberta) colour pattern variation is confined to B. occidentalis.

Molecular systematics of Australian rhinolophid bats (Chiroptera : Rhinolophidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. B. Cooper ◽  
T. B. Reardon ◽  
J. Skilins
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Surprising Result ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Species Concept ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Mtdna Sequence ◽  
Geographic Populations

Genetic variation in two morphologically distinct species of Australian Rhinolophus, R. megaphyllus, and R. philippinensis, and a third putative species (‘the intermediate’) were examined using allozyme electrophoresis and sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region with the aim of resolving their taxonomic status. The surprising result was that no fixed allozymic differences and low allozyme divergence existed among these three taxa over 45 loci examined. In contrast, levels of intra-generic divergence among eight species of Rhinolophus showed up to 50% fixed allozyme differences between species, indicating that low allozyme divergence was not a common feature of the genus and that the three Australian taxa are likely to be monophyletic and recently diverged. Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA sequence data revealed that populations of R. megaphyllus and R. philippinensis from Sabah, New Guinea, and Australia were represented by distinct mtDNA clades and that the two species are polyphyletic. These data suggest a reclassification of the different geographic populations of R. megaphyllus and R. philippinensis as separate species on the basis of a phylogenetic species concept. Within Australia, three distinct mtDNA clades were found, one of which showed ‘the intermediate’ in paraphyly with R. philippinensis from Queensland, but does not resolve the taxonomic status of ‘the intermediate’. Two mtDNA clades were also found representing R. megaphyllus from Queensland and R. megaphyllus from Victoria and New South Wales respectively. The finding of genetic subdivision along the east coast of Australia in an apparently continuously distributed bat species raises questions of the origin and historical biogeography of these bats in Australia.

scholarly journals Penicillium simile sp. nov. revealed by morphological and phylogenetic analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Davolos ◽  
Biancamaria Pietrangeli ◽  
Anna Maria Persiani ◽  
Oriana Maggi
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Chain Gene ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Nuclear Loci ◽  
Dna Sequencing Analysis

The morphology of three phenetically identical Penicillium isolates, collected from the bioaerosol in a restoration laboratory in Italy, displayed macro- and microscopic characteristics that were similar though not completely ascribable to Penicillium raistrickii. For this reason, a phylogenetic approach based on DNA sequencing analysis was performed to establish both the taxonomic status and the evolutionary relationships of these three peculiar isolates in relation to previously described species of the genus Penicillium. We used four nuclear loci (both rRNA and protein coding genes) that have previously proved useful for the molecular investigation of taxa belonging to the genus Penicillium at various evolutionary levels. The internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1–5.8S–ITS2), domains D1 and D2 of the 28S rDNA, a region of the tubulin beta chain gene (benA) and part of the calmodulin gene (cmd) were amplified by PCR and sequenced. Analysis of the rRNA genes and of the benA and cmd sequence data indicates the presence of three isogenic isolates belonging to a genetically distinct species of the genus Penicillium, here described and named Penicillium simile sp. nov. (ATCC MYA-4591T  = CBS 129191T). This novel species is phylogenetically different from P. raistrickii and other related species of the genus Penicillium (e.g. Penicillium scabrosum), from which it can be distinguished on the basis of morphological trait analysis.

Review of the New World species of Salina (Collembola: Paronellidae) with bidentate mucro, including a key to all New World members of Salina

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2333 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
FELIPE N. SOTO-ADAMES
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
New World ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
World Species ◽  
Pattern Variable ◽  
A New Species

The taxonomic status of the four New World species of Salina MacGillivray with bidentate mucro is uncertain. The first two species to be described, S. bidentata (Handschin) and S. wolcotti Folsom, are so poorly described by modern standards that it is unclear if they represent distinct species or the same, colour-pattern variable forms. This contribution presents additions to the description of S. beta Christiansen & Bellinger based on the holotype, a redescription of S. bidentata and S. wolcotti based on freshly collected material from Costa Rica, Puerto Rico and Florida, USA, and description of a new species, S. thibaudi, from Costa Rica and Guadaloupe. Based on analysis of chaetotaxic patterns it is concluded that S. bidentata and S. wolcotti are distinct species, although it remains unclear if S. ventricolor Gruia, from Cuba is distinct from S. wolcotti. The discovery in Costa Rica and Guadaloupe of S. thibaudi, showing a distinct chaetotaxy, but with colour pattern identical to that illustrated in the original description of S. wolcotti, suggests that records of S. wolcotti outside Puerto Rico require verification. A key for the identification of all species of Salina reported from the Americas is provided.

scholarly journals Impact of hybridisation in two Cossypha robin-chat species in southern Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Mollett ◽  
Naadhirah Munshi ◽  
Craig Symes
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
South African ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Genetic Introgression ◽  
Interspecific Hybridisation ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Reproductive Isolation Mechanisms ◽  
Isolation Mechanisms

Chorister Robin-Chat Cossypha dichroa, a South African forest endemic, and Red-capped Robin-Chat C. natalensis, a widely distributed species in African forest and woodland, are inferred to hybridise in areas of sympatry. DNA was extracted from blood samples of C. dichroa (n = 18), C. natalensis (n = 47), and two phenotypic hybrids. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene was amplified by PCR and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the sequence data to investigate taxonomic status and putative interspecific hybridisation. Phenotypic hybrids grouped with C. natalensis, suggesting maternal parentage from that species. Intra- and interspecific genetic and geographic distances were compared between C. dichroa and C. natalensis to assess genetic introgression. Seven of the thirteen microsatellite primer pairs developed for C. natalensis cross amplified in C. dichroa. These seven markers were then used for further analysis. STRUCTURE v2.3.4 was used to assign individuals to a particular genetic cluster and determine any admixture. NEWHYBRIDS v1.1 was used to assign hybrid status to samples beyond the F1 generation. Despite the hybridisation events recorded between C. dichroa and C. natalensis they still form two separate clusters as expected, and two genetic clusters (K=2) were identified using STRUCTURE. These two species are proficient vocal mimics and it is likely that reproductive isolation mechanisms are overcome through vocalisations. Genotypic hybrids are evident in the sampled population and hybridisation and backcrossing across a zone of sympatry is occurring. However, hybridisation is expected to have very little evolutionary influence on the integrity of recently diverged species which retain reproductive isolation across a wide region of sympatry through call distinctness.

scholarly journals Molecular systematics of New Zealand Cyanoramphus parakeets: conservation of Orange-fronted and Forbes' Parakeets

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Boon ◽  
J. C. Kearvell ◽  
C. H. Daugherty ◽  
G. K. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Biological Species Concept ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Data Support ◽  
High Conservation

The controversy that presently surrounds the taxonomy of the Orange-fronted Cyanoramphus malherbi and Forbes' C. forbesi Parakeets has important implications for the conservation of both birds. Both taxa are critically endangered, but consensus regarding their specific status has not yet been achieved. We present mitochondrial DNA sequences for the cytochrome b gene and the control region from 17 Cyanoramphus parakeets representing nine populations and six taxa together with field observations of courtship and breeding behaviour in a sympatric population of Orange-fronted and Yellow-crowned Parakeets C. auriceps. Field data support species status of the Orange-fronted Parakeet under the Biological Species Concept. Phylogenetic analyses of our DNA sequence data support earlier hypotheses based on allozyme data that both Orange-fronted and Forbes' Parakeets represent distinct species under four species concepts and indicate that high conservation priority is warranted for both taxa.

scholarly journals Characterization of Seiridium spp. Associated with Cypress Canker Based on ß-Tubulin and Histone Sequences

Plant Disease ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Barnes ◽  
Jolanda Roux ◽  
Michael J. Wingfield ◽  
Martin P. A. Coetzee ◽  
Brenda D. Wingfield
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Variable Species ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Canker Pathogens

Cypress canker is a serious disease that has devastated Cupressus spp. in many parts of the world. In Mediterranean Europe it has caused the deaths of millions of trees. Three species of Seiridium, S. cardinale, S. cupressi, and S. unicorne, are associated with cypress canker. Considerable debate surrounds the taxonomic status of these fungi. They have been viewed as a single morphologically variable species, three distinct taxa; or two species based on the presence or absence of conidial appendages. Studies based on ribosomal DNA (ITS1, ITS2, and 5.8S gene) sequence failed to separate the cypress canker fungi. In an attempt to distinguish between the species associated with cypress canker we used histone and partial ß-tubulin sequences of fourteen isolates of Seiridium spp. from cypress. Analysis of sequence data showed Seiridium isolates from Cupressus spp., residing in two major clades. One clade accommodated S. unicorne isolates from Portugal and South Africa. The other major clade consisted of two subclades containing non-appendaged S. cardinale isolates. We believe the larger second clade, represents the cypress canker pathogens while the other clade contains the less pathogenic S. unicorne, which has a host range beyond Cupressus. This study thus provides strong evidence to support previous morphological data suggesting three distinct species are associated with cypress canker.

Reappraisal of the taxonomic status of Amphisbaena prunicolor (Cope 1885) and Amphisbaena albocingulata Boettger 1885 (Amphisbaenia: Amphisbaenidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3550 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
RENATA PEREZ ◽  
SÍRIA RIBEIRO ◽  
MÁRCIO BORGES-MARTINS
Keyword(s):  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Specific Rank

We revised the taxonomic status of Amphisbaena prunicolor and A. albocingulata, two taxa traditionally recognized assubspecies of A. prunicolor in the A. darwini complex. Despite some authors elevated both taxa to the specific rank, itstaxonomic decisions were made without specific commentaries and/or proper diagnostic characters. The comparison ofmorphological characters between the two taxa with other similar species, associated with A. darwini (A. darwini, A.heterozonata, A. munoai and A. trachura), revealed a unique combination of diagnostic characters. Amphisbaena pruni-color and A. albocingulata were considered distinct species, diagnosable by the presence of the postmalar row in A. pru-nicolor, absent in A. albocingulata and by the ventral colour pattern uniform (pale brown) in A. albocingulata andcheckerboard (brown-purplish and white) in A. prunicolor. We also provided a redescription of the two species, information on intraspecific variation in A. munoai and suggested the extension of the distribution of A. darwini to southern Brazil.

Phylogenetic relationships within Cicuta (Apiaceae tribe Oenantheae) inferred from nuclear rDNA ITS and cpDNA sequence data

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Shook Lee ◽  
Stephen R. Downie
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
The North

The genus Cicuta (Apiaceae tribe Oenantheae Dumort.) is the most virulently poisonous group of flowering plants native to the north temperate zone. A recent treatment recognized four species ( C. bulbifera L., C. douglasii (DC.) J.M. Coult. & Rose, C. maculata L., and C. virosa L.), with C. maculata divided into four varieties. We present results of phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) locus and the region bounded by the chloroplast genes psbI and trnK 5′ exon to determine taxonomic limits and relationships among these taxa, and to assess the taxonomic status of C. douglasii, a polyploid thought to be derived from C. maculata and C. virosa. Cicuta bulbifera and C. virosa are each resolved as monophyletic, the latter is a sister group to all other species. Discordance between the ITS- and plastid-derived phylogenies and lack of resolution in the ITS trees preclude unequivocal hypotheses of relationship; all trees do suggest, however, that the allotetraploid C. douglasii is polyphyletic and possibly polytopic, with all examined accessions but one nested within C. maculata. This single outstanding accession is from California and, pending further study, might warrant recognition as a distinct species. The diploid C. bulbifera may also be of hybrid origin, as revealed by significant discordance between data sets. Within C. maculata, only the western North American var. angustifolia Hook. is resolved in the ITS trees. In the cpDNA trees, C. maculata var. angustifolia comprises a strongly supported clade with C. maculata var. bolanderi (S. Watson) G.A. Mulligan and C. douglasii, both of primarily western North American distribution. The eastern North American taxa, C. maculata vars. maculata and victorinii (Fernald) B. Boivin, also comprise a clade, sister group to C. bulbifera.

scholarly journals Impact of hybridisation in two Cossypha robin-chat species in southern Africa

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Mollett ◽  
Naadhirah Munshi ◽  
Craig Symes
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
South African ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Genetic Introgression ◽  
Interspecific Hybridisation ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Reproductive Isolation Mechanisms ◽  
Isolation Mechanisms

Chorister Robin-Chat Cossypha dichroa, a South African forest endemic, and Red-capped Robin-Chat C. natalensis, a widely distributed species in African forest and woodland, are inferred to hybridise in areas of sympatry. DNA was extracted from blood samples of C. dichroa (n = 18), C. natalensis (n = 47), and two phenotypic hybrids. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene was amplified by PCR and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the sequence data to investigate taxonomic status and putative interspecific hybridisation. Phenotypic hybrids grouped with C. natalensis, suggesting maternal parentage from that species. Intra- and interspecific genetic and geographic distances were compared between C. dichroa and C. natalensis to assess genetic introgression. Seven of the thirteen microsatellite primer pairs developed for C. natalensis cross amplified in C. dichroa. These seven markers were then used for further analysis. STRUCTURE v2.3.4 was used to assign individuals to a particular genetic cluster and determine any admixture. NEWHYBRIDS v1.1 was used to assign hybrid status to samples beyond the F1 generation. Despite the hybridisation events recorded between C. dichroa and C. natalensis they still form two separate clusters as expected, and two genetic clusters (K=2) were identified using STRUCTURE. These two species are proficient vocal mimics and it is likely that reproductive isolation mechanisms are overcome through vocalisations. Genotypic hybrids are evident in the sampled population and hybridisation and backcrossing across a zone of sympatry is occurring. However, hybridisation is expected to have very little evolutionary influence on the integrity of recently diverged species which retain reproductive isolation across a wide region of sympatry through call distinctness.

Was Gordon Robilliard right? Integrative systematics suggest that Dendronotus diversicolor (multicolor frond-aeolis) is a valid species

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 793-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ekimova ◽  
Á. Valdés ◽  
D. Schepetov ◽  
A. Chichvarkhin
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
Molecular Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Integrative Systematics

Nudibranch molluscs of the genus Dendronotus Alder and Hancock, 1845 are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere. Taxonomic studies on the genus Dendronotus have been problematic due to high variability in the colour pattern of many species, as well as in the external morphology and anatomy. In the present paper, we studied specimens of Dendronotus from northern Pacific presumably belonging to the species Dendronotus albus MacFarland, 1966 (white frond-aeolis). Molecular and morphological data revealed the existence of two distinct species among the material examined: D. albus, which has a wide range from Kamchatka and the Kurile Islands (from where we report this species for the first time) to California in North America, and the pseudocryptic species Dendronotus diversicolor Robilliard, 1970 (multicolor frond-aeolis), which has been previously considered a junior synonym of D. albus. Dendronotus diversicolor occurs from California, USA, to British Columbia, Canada, in sympatry with D. albus. Dendronotus albus and D. diversicolor can be clearly distinguished by colour pattern, internal and external morphology, and molecular sequence data. Despite some similarities in radular and external morphology between D. albus and D. diversicolor, these two species are phylogenetically distant and belong to different clades within the genus Dendronotus, which suggests convergent evolution.

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