scholarly journals Quiste aracnoideo y plasticidad cerebral: a propósito de un caso

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Juan Paúl Montalvo Herdoíza ◽  
Irene Monserrate Vergara Ibarra ◽  
Paula Salomé Macías Moreira ◽  
Jazmín Beatriz Anzules Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Arachnoid Cyst ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Cerebral Plasticity ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Intracranial Lesions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

  Se presenta un caso de quiste aracnoideo gigante paucisintomático, diagnosticado incidentalmente por Resonancia Magnética Nuclear (RMN) a los 5 años de edad, en el cual se evidenció una imagen hipodensa de gran tamaño ubicada en el lóbulo frontal derecho. El seguimiento, durante 17 años, no mostró ninguna alteración en las funciones cognitivas superiores dependientes del área afectada. Actualmente, la exploración neurológica del paciente es óptima. El paciente es un estudiante universitario brillante, lo que constituye un ejemplo contundente de plasticidad cerebral. Los quistes aracnoideos (QA) son tumoraciones benignas congénitas que forman una cavidad extracerebral, llena de líquido con características similares al líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR), y recubierto por una membrana aracnoidea. La sintomatología por quistes aracnoideos dependen en gran manera del tamaño, y localización de la lesión. La clínica es variada incluyendo cefalea, deformidad craneana, déficit neurológico, convulsiones, entre otras manifestaciones, las cuales se presentan en más de la mitad de los casos. En ciertas lesiones intracraneales con efecto de masa se produce un fenómeno conocido como plasticidad cerebral que se define como la capacidad cerebral de evolucionar generando cambio estructurales y funcionales.   Palabras clave: plasticidad cerebral, quiste aracnoideo, resonancia magnética nuclear, neurología.   Abstract   This is a case of paucisymptomatic giant arachnoid cyst, incidentally diagnosed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MRI) at 5 years of age, where a large hypodense image located in the right frontal lobe was evidenced, follow up for 17 years, did not show any alteration in the superior cognitive functions dependent on the affected area. Currently, the patient's neurological examination is optimal and he is a brilliant university student, which is a strong example of cerebral plasticity. The arcanoideos cysts (QA) are benign congenital tumors that form an ex-brain cavity, filled with liquid with characteristics similar to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and covered by an arachnoid membrane. Symptoms due to arachnoid cysts depend greatly on the size, and localization of the lesion the clinic is varied including a headache, cranial deformity, neurological deficit, seizures, among other manifestations, which occur in more than half of the cases. In certain intracranial lesions with mass effect, a phenomenon known as cerebral plasticity is produced, is defined as the cerebral capacity to evolve, generating structural and functional changes.   Keywords: cerebral plasticity, arachnoid cyst, nuclear magnetic resonance, neurology.

scholarly journals Quiste aracnoideo y plasticidad cerebral: a propósito de un caso

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Juan Paúl Montalvo Herdoíza ◽  
Irene Monserrate Vergara Ibarra ◽  
Paula Salomé Macías Moreira ◽  
Jazmín Beatriz Anzules Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Arachnoid Cyst ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Cerebral Plasticity ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Intracranial Lesions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

  Se presenta un caso de quiste aracnoideo gigante paucisintomático, diagnosticado incidentalmente por Resonancia Magnética Nuclear (RMN) a los 5 años de edad, en el cual se evidenció una imagen hipodensa de gran tamaño ubicada en el lóbulo frontal derecho. El seguimiento, durante 17 años, no mostró ninguna alteración en las funciones cognitivas superiores dependientes del área afectada. Actualmente, la exploración neurológica del paciente es óptima. El paciente es un estudiante universitario brillante, lo que constituye un ejemplo contundente de plasticidad cerebral. Los quistes aracnoideos (QA) son tumoraciones benignas congénitas que forman una cavidad extracerebral, llena de líquido con características similares al líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR), y recubierto por una membrana aracnoidea. La sintomatología por quistes aracnoideos dependen en gran manera del tamaño, y localización de la lesión. La clínica es variada incluyendo cefalea, deformidad craneana, déficit neurológico, convulsiones, entre otras manifestaciones, las cuales se presentan en más de la mitad de los casos. En ciertas lesiones intracraneales con efecto de masa se produce un fenómeno conocido como plasticidad cerebral que se define como la capacidad cerebral de evolucionar generando cambio estructurales y funcionales.   Palabras clave: plasticidad cerebral, quiste aracnoideo, resonancia magnética nuclear, neurología.   Abstract   This is a case of paucisymptomatic giant arachnoid cyst, incidentally diagnosed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MRI) at 5 years of age, where a large hypodense image located in the right frontal lobe was evidenced, follow up for 17 years, did not show any alteration in the superior cognitive functions dependent on the affected area. Currently, the patient's neurological examination is optimal and he is a brilliant university student, which is a strong example of cerebral plasticity. The arcanoideos cysts (QA) are benign congenital tumors that form an ex-brain cavity, filled with liquid with characteristics similar to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and covered by an arachnoid membrane. Symptoms due to arachnoid cysts depend greatly on the size, and localization of the lesion the clinic is varied including a headache, cranial deformity, neurological deficit, seizures, among other manifestations, which occur in more than half of the cases. In certain intracranial lesions with mass effect, a phenomenon known as cerebral plasticity is produced, is defined as the cerebral capacity to evolve, generating structural and functional changes.   Keywords: cerebral plasticity, arachnoid cyst, nuclear magnetic resonance, neurology.

Hypophosphataemic Osteomalacia and Myopathy: Studies with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

1984 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Smith ◽  
R. J. Newman ◽  
G. K. Radda ◽  
M. Stokes ◽  
A. Young
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Vitamin D Resistant Rickets ◽  
The Right ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

1. A patient with familial adult-onset hypophosphataemia, whose myopathy was closely related to the plasma phosphate concentration, was investigated by phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P n.m.r.) in vivo of the right flexor digitorum superficialis muscle. 2. During hypophosphataemia induced by stopping oral phosphate a significant reduction in measured muscle strength occurred, but the ratios of the intramyocellular levels of phosphocreatine (PCr), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi) remained unchanged at rest. During exercise these levels changed, as did the intramyocellular pH, but they did not differ from the pattern previously recorded in normal subjects. 3. In four adults with inherited infantile-onset hypophosphataemia (vitamin D-resistant rickets, VDRR) without myopathy, the n.m.r. measurements were normal at rest and during exercise. 4. In one patient with inherited hyperphosphataemia (tumoral calcinosis) the resting PCr: Pi ratio was significantly reduced.

scholarly journals Non-Ketotic Hyperglycemia Induced Hemichorea-Hemiballism May Represent Glioma-Like Pattern On Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Can 1H Spectroscopy Help In The Differentiation?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Lin ◽  
Xiaoxiao Zhang ◽  
Xin Yue ◽  
Jinan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
T2 Hyperintensity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ketotic Hyperglycemia

Abstract Background: Non-ketotic hyperglycemia (NKH) induced hemichorea-hemiballismus (HC-HB) is a rare reversible condition predominantly found in elderly patients with poorly controlled diabetics. Here, we describe two cases of NKH induced HC-HB with distinctive morphological and functional changes on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).Case presentation: In case 1 with NKH induced HC-HB, computer tomography depicted increased attenuation in the left putamen and caudate nucleus. Focal T2-hyperintensity, obvious mass effect and ring-like enhancement were revealed on conventional MRI, suggesting the imaging findings of glioma. DWI indicated the lesion with unrestricted diffusion of water molecule. MRS further illustrated markedly increased lactate (Lac) and lipids (Lip), slightly elevated choline (Cho), and slightly decreased N-acetylaspartate (NAA) within the lesion. In case 2, baseline and follow-up MRI showed a lesion with typical reversible signal intensity in the right putamen without mass effect.Conclusions: This report emphasizes that NKH induced HC-HB may exhibit a unique appearance mimicking glioma. Slightly elevated Cho/NAA ratio with marked increased Lac peak on MRS may help to exclude neoplastic diseases.

scholarly journals A 31P Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in vivo Study of Cerebral Ischaemia in the Gerbil

1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith R. Thulborn ◽  
George H. du Boulay ◽  
Leo W. Duchen ◽  
George Radda
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

We have used the noninvasive method of 31phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) in vivo to follow changes in phosphorous metabolite concentrations and the intracellular pH in the right and left hemispheres and in the cerebellum of gerbil brains after the occlusion of the right carotid artery. Spatial resolution over the brain was possible using surface coils. Ligation, which is known to cause ischaemia in this species in the ipsilateral hemisphere, resulted in the diminution of phosphocreatine and adenine nucleotides and a decrease in tissue pH. Less acidification occurred in the contralateral hemisphere and in the cerebellum. The high-energy metabolite concentrations, phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), declined in unison in the ischaemic region, in marked contrast to the sequence of events in skeletal muscle, in which phosphocreatine buffers against an immediate fall in ATP concentration. In a separate series of gerbils, 31P NMR spectra were followed for exactly 1 h after carotid ligation. The animals were then sacrificed and brain grey matter specific gravity was rapidly measured to assess the development of oedema. There was a clear correlation between abnormality of spectra and the presence of oedema. It cannot, however, be confidently asserted that a normal spectrum is never seen in oedematous gerbil brains. 31P NMR spectra specific gravity and histological changes shown by light microscopy have been correlated and show that useful signals are received from a depth of at least 4 mm or more from the 10-mm diameter coil.

scholarly journals Nuclear magnetic resonance free ligand conformations and atomic resolution dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 489-498
Author(s):  
Amber Y. S. Balazs ◽  
Nichola L. Davies ◽  
David Longmire ◽  
Martin J. Packer ◽  
Elisabetta Chiarparin
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Conformational Dynamics ◽  
Free Ligand ◽  
Rotational Energy ◽  
Conformational Exchange ◽  
Energy Barriers ◽  
The Right ◽  
Design Ideas ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Abstract. Knowledge of free ligand conformational preferences (energy minima) and conformational dynamics (rotational energy barriers) of small molecules in solution can guide drug design hypotheses and help rank ideas to bias syntheses towards more active compounds. Visualization of conformational exchange dynamics around torsion angles, by replica exchange with solute tempering molecular dynamics (REST-MD), gives results in agreement with high-resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and complements free ligand conformational analyses. Rotational energy barriers around individual bonds are comparable between calculated and experimental values, making the in-silico method relevant to ranking prospective design ideas in drug discovery programs, particularly across a series of analogs. Prioritizing design ideas, based on calculations and analysis of measurements across a series, efficiently guides rational discovery towards the “right molecules” for effective medicines.

An emerging technology: Nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 1000-1001
Author(s):  
M.J. Hennessy ◽  
E. Kwok
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Nmr Microscopy ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Temperature Relaxation ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Much progress in nuclear magnetic resonance microscope has been made in the last few years as a result of improved instrumentation and techniques being made available through basic research in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies for medicine. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was first observed in the hydrogen nucleus in water by Bloch, Purcell and Pound over 40 years ago. Today, in medicine, virtually all commercial MRI scans are made of water bound in tissue. This is also true for NMR microscopy, which has focussed mainly on biological applications. The reason water is the favored molecule for NMR is because water is,the most abundant molecule in biology. It is also the most NMR sensitive having the largest nuclear magnetic moment and having reasonable room temperature relaxation times (from 10 ms to 3 sec). The contrast seen in magnetic resonance images is due mostly to distribution of water relaxation times in sample which are extremely sensitive to the local environment.

Nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 828-829
Author(s):  
Paul C. Lauterbur
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Field Gradients ◽  
Useful Signal ◽  
Magnetic Field Gradients ◽  
Observation Times ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging can reach microscopic resolution, as was noted many years ago, but the first serious attempt to explore the limits of the possibilities was made by Hedges. Resolution is ultimately limited under most circumstances by the signal-to-noise ratio, which is greater for small radio receiver coils, high magnetic fields and long observation times. The strongest signals in biological applications are obtained from water protons; for the usual magnetic fields used in NMR experiments (2-14 tesla), receiver coils of one to several millimeters in diameter, and observation times of a number of minutes, the volume resolution will be limited to a few hundred or thousand cubic micrometers. The proportions of voxels may be freely chosen within wide limits by varying the details of the imaging procedure. For isotropic resolution, therefore, objects of the order of (10μm) may be distinguished.Because the spatial coordinates are encoded by magnetic field gradients, the NMR resonance frequency differences, which determine the potential spatial resolution, may be made very large. As noted above, however, the corresponding volumes may become too small to give useful signal-to-noise ratios. In the presence of magnetic field gradients there will also be a loss of signal strength and resolution because molecular diffusion causes the coherence of the NMR signal to decay more rapidly than it otherwise would. This phenomenon is especially important in microscopic imaging.

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