scholarly journals Síntesis y caracterización de xerogeles de sílice obtenidos por la ruta de los atranos

Author(s):  
Lenin Jose Huerta ◽  
Rebeca Torres Fajardo ◽  
Juan Primera Ferrer

  En este trabajo se investigó la síntesis de xerogeles de sílice por la vía de los atranos, y se evaluó la influencia de la concentración del agente iniciador (HCl) y la presencia o no del surfactante (CTAB), sobre el tiempo de gelificación y las propiedades texturales de los materiales obtenidos. Las caracterizaciones se realizaron mediante: isotermas de adsorción-desorción de nitrógeno, microscopía electrónica de barrido y calorimetría diferencial de barrido. Los tiempos de gelificación aumentaron en la medida que se disminuyó la concentración del HCl y, en general, los xerogeles preparados presentaron una buena rigidez cuando estos se dejaron a tiempos mayores de 20 horas. La distribución de tamaño de poro (determinada mediante la técnica BJH) para los xerogeles calcinados preparados sin surfactante presentaron un sistema de poro bien definido de 16,4 nm en promedio, mientras los xerogeles calcinados preparados con surfactante no presentaron una distribución de tamaño de poro bien definida, ambos casos mostraron áreas superficiales de alrededor de 580 m2/g. Por calorimetría diferencial de barrido se observaron dos picos para la muestra de xerogel sin surfactante, uno alrededor de 80 °C debido a la evaporación del agua y el otro a 265 °C atribuido a la descomposición de la materia orgánica presente en el gel; para la muestra de xerogel con surfactante se observó un pico bien definido a 130 °C, atribuido a la pérdida del agua. Por microscopía electrónica de barrido, en los xerogeles calcinados se observaron poros con tamaños alrededor de los 15 nm.   Palabra clave: Xerogel, atrano, surfactante, sílice, gelificación.   Abstract In this work, the synthesis of silica xerogels by the atrane way was investigated, evaluating: concentration influence of the initiating agent (HCl) and the presence or not of the surfactant (CTAB), over gelation time, and the textural properties of the obtained materials. Characterizations were carried out by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Gelation times increased as the HCl concentration decreased, and, in general, xerogels prepared presented good rigidity when they were aging for times greater than 20 hours. Pore size distribution (determined by the BJH technique) for the calcined xerogels prepared without surfactant presented a well-defined pore system of 16.4 nm on average, while the calcined xerogels prepared with surfactant did not present a well-defined pore size distribution, both cases showed surface areas of around 580 m2/g. In differential scanning calorimetry, two peaks were observed for the xerogel sample without surfactant, one around 80 °C due to water evaporation, and the other one at 265 °C attributed to the decomposition of organic matter present in the gel; for the surfactant xerogel sample, a well-defined peak was observed at 130 °C, attributed to the loss of water. By scanning electron microscopy, pores with sizes around 15 nm in calcined xerogels were observed.   Keywords: Xerogel, atrane, surfactant, silica, gelation.  

2021 ◽  
pp. 095400832110055
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Yuhui Zhang ◽  
Yuhan Xu ◽  
Xiucai Liu ◽  
Weihong Guo

The super-tough bio-based nylon was prepared by melt extrusion. In order to improve the compatibility between bio-based nylon and elastomer, the elastomer POE was grafted with maleic anhydride. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) were used to study the compatibility and micro-distribution between super-tough bio-based nylon and toughened elastomers. The results of mechanical strength experiments show that the 20% content of POE-g-MAH has the best toughening effect. After toughening, the toughness of the super-tough nylon was significantly improved. The notched impact strength was 88 kJ/m2 increasing by 1700%, which was in line with the industrial super-tough nylon. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) were used to study the crystallization behavior of bio-based PA56, and the effect of bio-based PA56 with high crystallinity on mechanical properties was analyzed from the microstructure.


e-Polymers ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Pucci ◽  
Letizia Moretto ◽  
Giacomo Ruggeri ◽  
Francesco Ciardelli

AbstractA new polyethylene-compatible terthiophene chromophore, 5”-thio-(3- butyl)nonyl-2,2’:5’,2”-terthiophene, with melting point lower than 0°C was prepared and used for linear polarizers based on ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy indicate that the new chromophore is dispersed uniformly in films of UHMWPE obtained by casting from solution. The films show excellent dichroic properties (dichroic ratio 30) at rather low drawing ratio (≈ 20) . Moreover, qualitative agreement is observed with the Ward pseudo-affine deformation scheme.


2019 ◽  
Vol 953 ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
Yi Teng Zhang ◽  
Lian Zuo ◽  
Jin Chao Yang ◽  
Wei Xia Zhao ◽  
Xiang Xiong Zeng

The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of cementitious capillary crystalline waterproofing (CCCW) material on the water impermeability and microstructure of concrete. The water impermeability of concrete covered with or without CCCW material was tested according to the Chinese standard GB 18445-2012. The results indicate that concretes coated with CCCW material showed much higher water impermeability than blank ones, and the ratio of water impermeability pressure between them reached 275. The samples obtained in various depths of hardened cement paste specimens with or without CCCW coating were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC), to study the differences in microstructure and hydration products. The results present that after a 28-day standard curing, there were lots of ettringite crystals and CaCO3 formed in the paste in 1 cm from the coating, but the action depth of the CCCW coating could not reach 3 cm. The ettringite and CaCO3 is precipitated in the pore structure of cement matrix and filling the voids, which leads to the significant enhancement in water impermeability.


2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Gao ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Gazi Hao ◽  
Lei Xiao ◽  
...  

<p>An energetic co-crystal consisting of the most promising military explosive 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20) and the most well-known oxidant applied in propellants ammonium perchlorate has been prepared with a simple solvent evaporation method. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the morphology of co-crystal differs greatly from each component. The X-ray diffraction spectrum, FTIR, Raman spectra, and differential scanning calorimetry characterisation further prove the formation of the co-crystal. The result of determination of hygroscopic rate indicated the hygroscopicity was effectively reduced. At last, the crystallisation mechanism has been discussed.</p>


2003 ◽  
Vol 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bassetti ◽  
E. Bonetti ◽  
A. L. Fiorini ◽  
J. Grbovic ◽  
A. Montone ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTMagnesium carbon nanocomposites for hydrogen storage have been synthesized by ball milling with different amount of benzene, acting as a lubricant. Their microstructure has been studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, while the hydrogen desorption temperature has been tested by differential scanning calorimetry. Experimental results show that the microstructure after milling, the hydrogenation capabilities of the material and the reactivity with the air are related to the amount of additives. In particular the carbon to benzene ratio seems to play a major role. In fact, with an optimum value of carbon to benzene weight ratio of 1/6, the amount of carbon being 15 wt% of the milled mixture, a decomposition heat equal to 57% of pure MgH2 was measured, even after air manipulation of the sample.


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