scholarly journals Alternative journalism in Russia: the origin, development and current state

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 101-115
Author(s):  
Irina Valerievna Nazarova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Alternative Media ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Critical Media ◽  
The Invisible ◽  
Alternative Journalism

This article is devoted to alternative media in Russia, in particular to those that can be attributed to the so—called «Critical Media», representing completely different information and opinions, adding variety to the invisible struggle between publications that hold a pro—state, anti—state and neutral position. The emergence of such media in Russia, development during the Soviet Union, as well as their state at this point in time. In the article, we will look at how this direction developed, talk about the most prominent representatives and their projects.

scholarly journals INDIA-RUSSIA ENERGY COOPERATION BLOOMING TIES BEYOND THE HORIZON

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 705-709
Author(s):  
Bhagyadhar Sethy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Russia and India have a long history of cooperation in the energy sector. The prospects for the development of the energy dialogue are as promising now as they were during the period of friendship between the Soviet Union and India. Since the late 2000s, the Russia–India energy partnership has been enjoying a renaissance. So why is now the time for Russia to think seriously about giving a new impetus to the energy dialogue with India? India is the worlds third largest energy consumer and a major energy importer with steadily growing demand. Russia is a key global producer and exporter of petroleum and natural gas. The two countries needs naturally complement each other. The current energy bilateral cooperation, already strong, can significantly extend to new sources such as Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). Building on these can be an industry in natural gas vehicles and renewable energy, enabling economic instruments, such as energy benchmarks, and a policy framework, including labour mobility, to develop a skills corridor in energy. This paper examines the current state of Energy and economic relations between India and Russia. It flags the major issues that hinder development of economic ties between the two countries and discusses future prospects for growth. India and Russia have a long-standing relationship and securing an economic and energy partnership is important from both the diplomatic and geopolitical perspectives. Russia has a vital role in ensuring Indias energy security in the coming decade. India imports oil, mostly from the volatile region of the Middle East. However, to sustain current high rates of growth, India needs to secure and diversify its energy sources. How Russia is an obvious choice in this respect?

The Current State of the Monetary Sphere of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan within the Framework of Changes in the Legislation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1708
Author(s):  
Malik Rsbaevich MUKANOV ◽  
Ernar Nurlanovich BEGALIEV
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Emission Activity ◽  
Second Tier

The article discusses the current state of the monetary – credit sphere in the former states of the Soviet Union. The authors note that, the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, which led to the defragmentation of the monetary system, is an important event in the formation of the financial sector in Central Asia. The single monetary and financial system, which was adapted to the conditions of the planned economy, had started rapidly falling apart. The result was a break of the traditionally existing economic ties. It is important to note that the monetary policy has a direct impact on the major macro-economic indicators such as GDP, employment and the level of prices. It is thus important to have a solid legal base. The accelerated formation of national monetary systems in Central Asian states has required the creation of genuinely independent emission center as the Central Banks of Central Asia. Since 1994, Central Asian governments have begun to carry out macroeconomic regulation, mutual settlement in the economy and emission activity. The next step was a reform of the banking system in Central Asia. At the beginning of the independence of the Central Asian states a legal framework was created and a transition was made to a two-tier banking system. According to the adopted laws in the countries of Central Asia, a two-tier banking system was formed, where the upper level was represented by the State Bank of the region (with emission rights), and the bottom were - commercial and government specialized. Creating second tier banks was a response to the needs of the Central Asian countries.

scholarly journals Economics in the Former Soviet Union

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Alexeev ◽  
Clifford Gaddy ◽  
Jim Leitzel
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Economics Profession

One of the most notable, but least discussed, aspects of the halting attempts during the past six years to reform the economies of the Soviet Union, and now those of its successor states, has been the prominent role played by professional economists. Not since the mid-1920s has the Soviet political leadership felt so strongly the need to draw upon the expertise of the economics profession to help determine its course of action. In this paper, we attempt to characterize the current state of economics in the former Soviet Union, investigate the implications that the condition of Soviet economics has for reform, and suggest possible future directions for the discipline. Our information comes from four main sources: professional publications of Soviet and Western economists, published remarks by Soviet economists, personal interviews and discussions which we conducted with young Soviet economists in the summers of 1990 and 1991, and a questionnaire administered to Soviet economists and graduate students in the Soviet Union.

scholarly journals Вызовы современному русскому литературному языку

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Владимир Медведев
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Rural Life ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Language Norms ◽  
Active Processes ◽  
The Russian Language

The article is devoted to the study of some active processes affecting the system of the modern Russian language. The result of the study is the identification of factors that negatively affect the dynamics of the Russian language, which are presented in socio-political and linguistic aspects. The socio-political reasons are caused by the active reduction of the Russian-language information space in the near and far abroad area under the influence of the collapse of the Soviet Union. Unsuccessful phenomena in the current state of the Russian language consist in the intentional violation of the language norms in the Internet space, the substitution of normative vocabulary for meaningfully and stylistically belittled expressions of rural life, the clogging of the Russian literary language with words and verbal turns of slang origin, the dissemination of obscene vocabulary, the saturation of the language with words and expressions of foreign origin, and the unjustified euphemization of speech, leading to the erosion of the meaning of words. The general conclusion is the need for the serious efforts of the whole society against the simplification and the purity of the Russian literary language.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT STATE OF THE FOOD INDUSTRY IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE MEAT INDUSTRY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
A. V. Efimov
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Economic Space ◽  
International Pressure ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Food Needs

The modern economy of Russia has been reporting since 1991, when the collapse of the Soviet Union was happened. Since then, the country has taken a course to modernize the economy, as well as to integrate into the international economic space. Russia abandoned the planned system in favor of a market model of the economy, which is currently developing in the context of globalization, modernization and standardization. In recent years, due to the aggravation of the political situation in the world, Russia is in a situation of financial crisis and is experiencing enormous international pressure. In this regard, Russia is actively increasing its own production, primarily by developing the food industry. This industry is extremely important because it is connected with the production of raw materials and products aimed at meeting the food needs of the population.

scholarly journals THE PEOPLE’S COMMISSARIAT OF FORESTRY OF THE SOVIET UNION IN 1932-1940 AND THE PROBLEMS OF PERFORMING PLANNED TASKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.V. Zykin
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Systemic Problems ◽  
Forest Users ◽  
The Moment

The purpose of the article is to analyze the activities of the People’s Commissariat of Forestry of the Soviet Union for performance of planned tasks in 1932-1940 and resolution of problems that arose in the course of their achievement. This aspect of history of the forest industry is poorly investigated and is relevant in terms of studying the economic history of the country during a critical era, such as the "socialist industrialization". The practical importance of the article is connected with the appearance in the period of implementation of the first five-year plans of systemic problems in the development of the industry, which have influenced its current state, and with the need to identify their positive and negative aspects, which can be taken into account and used in determining the prospects of the domestic forest industry. In the article on the basis of unpublished and published sources the statistics of performing planned tasks and the policy of the People’s Commissariat of Forestry, as the main forest user, in relation to the arising problems are considered. The reasons of these difficulties are established. The conclusion is drawn that from the moment of creation in 1932 till the last financial year before the Great Patriotic War, 1940, the department tried to perform plan targets with great difficulties. It turned out to be unrealistic to reach overestimated indicators of the first five-year plans. At the same time, the annual plans were not implemented as well. The People’s Commissariat of Forestry of the USSR in 1932-1940 failed to achieve a significant increase in operational performance and implementation of plans therefore other forest users (people’s commissariats of internal affairs, heavy industry) increased their share in the timber industry.

The Oxford Handbook of the History of Communism

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Bloc ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
State And Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Material ◽  
Capitalist World

Until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, historians knew relatively little about the secretive world of communist states and parties. Since then, the opening of state, party and diplomatic archives of the former Eastern Bloc has released a flood of new documentation. The thirty-five essays in the Handbook, written by a highly international team of scholars, draw on this new material to offer a global history of communism in the twentieth century. In contrast to many histories that concentrate on the Soviet Union, it is genuinely global in its coverage, paying particular attention to the Chinese Revolution. It is ‘global’, too, in the sense that the essays seek to integrate history ‘from above’ and ‘from below’, to trace the complex mediations between state and society, and to explore the social and cultural as well as the political and economic realities that shaped the lives of citizens fated to live under communist rule. The essays reflect on the similarities and differences between communist states in order to situate them in their socio-political and cultural contexts and to capture their changing nature over time. Where appropriate, they also reflect on how the fortunes of international communism were shaped by the wider economic, political and cultural forces of the capitalist world. The Handbook provides an informative introduction for those new to the field and a comprehensive overview of the current state of scholarship for those seeking to deepen their understanding.

Social Work in Moldova

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vadim Moldovan ◽  
Eugeniu Rotari ◽  
Vadim Tarna ◽  
Alina Zagorodniuc
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The West ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Work Education ◽  
History Of Social Work

The Republic of Moldova is a small post-Soviet country that has been “transitioning” from a socialist to capitalist economy since the 1990s. Once a prosperous region of the Soviet Union, it is now among the poorest countries in Europe, facing many social problems that call for a strong social work profession. However, social work is new to the country and the profession is challenged by low societal status, meager resources, and lack of cohesion. Social work in Moldova is struggling to meet these challenges with the help from the West and the emergence of an indigenous model of professionalization. Child welfare, elder care, mental health, as well as the history of social work in Moldova, current state of social work education with its obstacles to and opportunities for progress will be discussed.

“In a Class by Itself”: Cold War Politics and Finland's Position vis-à-vis the United Nations, 1945–1956

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Götz
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
South Korea ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International System ◽  
International Community ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Cold War

From the mid-1950s on, the United Nations (UN) provided a forum for Finland to have an international presence despite its status as a neutral country in the Cold War. But until 1955, Finland's bid to join the UN was blocked by the Soviet Union. The inability to gain admission caused some Finns to favor staying outside the UN, a view that gained its widest circulation in the latter half of 1950 after the UN had been invoked to respond to North Korea's attack on South Korea. Nonetheless, although some Finns were concerned that membership in the UN might cause their country to become embroiled in a superpower Cold War conflict against its will, others believed that entry into the UN would confer prestige and legitimacy on Finland and strengthen its position as a sovereign member of the international community. Although Finns realized that the UN would not provide a security guarantee, the organization did help Finland to consolidate its neutral position in the Cold War international system.

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