PROBLEMS OF PROVIDING COWS CONCENTRATES IN AUTOMATIC MILKING SYSTEMS

Author(s):  
Д.Р. ШАРИПОВ ◽  
О.А. ЯКИМОВ ◽  
И.Ш. ГАЛИМУЛЛИН

Изучена технология дополнительного скармливания концентрированных кормов во время доения в условиях системы автоматизированного доения на коровах голштинской породы, разделенных на 6 групп по молочной продуктивности. Исследования показали, что с повышением молочной продуктивности в группах коров увеличивается количество выданных и потребленных концентратов. Аналогичная закономерность установлена по времени посещения доильной станции на количество потребления комбикорма, чем дольше коровы задерживаются в боксах доения, тем больше концентрированных кормов они потребляют. Животные всех групп неполностью съедают комбикорм, получаемый на станции доения, остатки концентратов от выданной нормы в группе коров с удоем менее 20,0 кг составили 8,3%, 20,1—25,0 кг — 3,6%, 25,1—30,0 кг — 5,9%, 30,1—35,0 кг — 8,9%, 35,1—40,0 кг — 7,9% и в группе с удоем более 40,1 кг — 7,5%. Анализ затрат концентрированных кормов,получаемых на станции доения, на 1 кг молока показал, что группы коров с удоем 35,1—40,0 и более 40,1 кг на 11,5—18,9% недополучают концентратов, обратная тенденция в группе коров с удоем 20,1—25,0 и менее 20,0 кг, которым для сохранения интереса к роботизированной установке требуется на 9,4—10,4% больше концентрированных кормов. The technology of additional feeding of concentrated feeds during milking under the conditions of an automatic milking system on Holstein cows, divided into 6 groups according to milk production, has been studied. Studies have shown that with an increase in milk production in the groups of cows, the amount of concentrates allocated and consumed increases. The influence of box-visiting time per milking on the amount of concentrate consumption has been established, the longer the cows stay in the milking boxes, the more concentrated feed they consume. Animals of all groups do not fully consume the compound feed obtained in the milking box, the remains of concentrates from the given norm in the group of cows with a milk yield of less than 20.0 kg was 8.3%, in the group of  20.1—25.0 kg — 3.6%, in the group of  25, 1—30.0 kg — 5.9%, in the group of 30.1—35.0 kg — 8.9%, in the group of 35.1—40.0 kg — 7.9% and in the group with a milk yield of more  40.1 kg — 7.5%. Analysis of the costs of concentrated feed per kg of milk received at the milking box showed that groups of cows with a yield of 35.1—40.0 and more than 40.1 kg at 11.5—18.9% do not receive concentrates, the opposite trend is a group of cows with a milk yield of 20.1—25.0 and less than 20.0 kg, which require 9.4—10.4% more concentrated feed to maintain interest in a robotic unit.

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-215
Author(s):  
J. Broucek ◽  
M. Uhrincat ◽  
Z. Palkovicova ◽  
V. Tancin ◽  
A. Hanus

Abstract. The objective of the present study was to analyse the maintenance behaviour of cows after shift from tie-stall barn to free-stall barn. The activities were analysed in relation to the time of moving of the cows. Forty-one Holstein cows were used. Cows were observed for three 24-h (first, second and tenth day) periods after moving into the new barn with free-stall housing. The shortest times of lying and ruminating were recorded at the first day after relocation (336.3 min, 628.0 min, 756.1 min, P<0.001; 318.0 min, 325.0 min, 440.5 min, P<0.001). The longest time was recorded for the duration of standing (1 103.7 min, 811.9 min, 683.9 min, P<0.001). The period’s number of lying and ruminating were the lowest at the first day and highest at the tenth day after relocation (7.34, 14.07, 16.34, 14.32, 15.75, 18.58, P<0.001). The opposite trend was found in the period’s number of feeding and standing (17.46, 12.73, 9.54 and 24.93, 18.19 and 12.41; P<0.001). Sires progeny was significantly manifested in times of total lying, standing (P<0.05) and feeding (P<0.01) as well as in the number of lying periods (P<0.05). Cows produced significantly less milk at the first day after removing than the last day before (23.76 kg vs. 30.97 kg, P<0.001). Milk yield returned towards basal levels at the 13th day (31.82 kg). Milk production was different among sires.


2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Beata Sitkowska ◽  
Dariusz Piwczyński ◽  
Marcin Brzozowski ◽  
Joanna Aerts

Cows in their first lactation usually have lower milking parameters than multiparous cows. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in milking parameters in primiparous and multiparous cows in a quarter milking system. This is preliminary research which at a later stage will indicate whether primiparous cows milked in an automatic milking system (AMS) throughout their first lactation will have better milking parameters as multiparous cows. The data for statistical analysis was collected from three dairy herds in which Lely Astronaut A4 automatic milking systems were used. In total, data from 718 cows were analysed (531 lactations of primiparous cows and 477 of multiparous cows). The data was collected over a period of four years beginning in 2012, when the automatic milking system was implemented. After eliminating visits to the milking robot which ended in refusal, we analysed 352,708 milking sessions from primiparous cows and 488,711 from multiparous cows. Multifactorial analysis of variance of the numerical data was performed using a linear model taking into account the effect of herd, lactation stage, milking year and season, and the interaction of these factors. The statistical procedure showed that all linear model components had a highly significant or significant impact on the milking parameters considered. During initial stage of lactation the duration of the stay in the milking robot in the two groups was very similar—396-398 s. During this stage the milking time was about 268 s for the primiparous cows and 280 for the multiparous cows, and the average milk yield was 8.38 kg for the former and 10.40 kg for the latter. During the final stage of lactation (after 200 days) the milking time was 214 s in the primiparous cows and 241 in the multiparous cows, with yield of 7.93 and 8.77 kg of milk, respectively. Both primiparous and multiparous cows stayed longer in the milking robot and were milked longer in the spring and winter, which can be linked to higher milk yield. In both groups of cows it took longer to milk the rear quarters; these differences amounted to about 25 s in the primiparous group and about 40 s in the multiparous group.


2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Bach ◽  
Martí Dinarés ◽  
Maria Devant ◽  
Xavier Carré

A longitudinal study involving 73 primiparous (PP) and 47 multiparous (MP) Holstein cows was conducted over an 8-month period to assess the associations between locomotion score (LCS) and milk production, dry matter intake (DMI), feeding behaviour, and number of visits to an automatic milking system (AMS). Twice weekly, all cows were locomotion scored (scale 1–5) by the same observer. Individual eating behaviour and individual feed consumption at each cow visit to the feed troughs, individual milk production, the time of milking, and the number of milkings for each cow were recorded for the day of locomotion scoring and the day before and after. Dependent variables, such as milk yield, DMI, etc. were modelled using a mixed-effects model with parity, LCS, days in milk (DIM), the exponential of −0·05 DIM, and the interaction between parity and LCS, as fixed effects and random intercepts and random slopes for the linear and the exponential of −0·05DIM effects within cow. LCS did not affect time of attendance at feed troughs, but affected the location that cows occupied in the feed troughs. The time devoted to eating and DMI decreased with increasing LCS. Milk production decreased with LCS>3. The number of daily visits to the AMS also decreased with increasing LCS. The cows with high LCS were fetched more often than the cows with low LCS. Overall, PP cows were more sensitive to the effects of increasing LCS than were MP cows. The decrease in milk production observed with increasing LCS seemed to be affected similarly by the decrease in DMI and by the decrease in number of daily visits to the AMS. A further economic loss generated by lame cows with AMS will be associated with the additional labour needed to fetch them.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delyus Sharipov ◽  
Rubin Kayumov ◽  
Takhir Akhmetov ◽  
Rustam Ravilov ◽  
Firaya Akhmetzyanova

The objective of this study was to describe the association between the milking frequency and milk production and to determine the effect of milking intervals on the functional properties of the udder of cows in automatic milking systems. Thousand eight milking recordings were enrolled in the study, in total, 106 Holstein cows were observed. The results of studies showed that at a daily milk yield per cow of 22.0 ± 0.6 (means ± SD) kg, the milking frequency was 2 times (13.5 % of the total number of milkings), 32.7 ± 0.4 kg – 3 times (57.2 %), 37.7 ± 0.6 kg – 4 times (28.0 %), 51.3 ± 4.1 kg – 5 times (1.3 %). An increase in the daily milk yield due to a reduction in the milking interval has been established (p<0.001). However, milk yield per milking has the opposite tendency (p<0.001). The average and maximum milk flow rates increased with an increase in the milking interval and reached the highest values in the interval of 7.50–8.99 hours – 2.36 and 3.36 kg/min, respectively (p<0.001). Cows with a low indicator of maximum milk flow rate (3.01 ± 0.06 kg/min) had greater milk production (36.6 ± 0.47 kg). With an increase in the milking interval from 4.50–5.99 to 7.50–8.99 hours, it was accompanied by a decrease in the latency period milk flow in the quarters of the udder, when the milking interval reached 9.00–10.49 and 10.50–11.99 hours, the latency period milk flow increased.


2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-100
Author(s):  
Jiří Ševčík ◽  
Daniel Falta ◽  
Kristina Somerlíková ◽  
Jiří Fryč

Abstract The objective of this study is to evaluate the impacts of teat traumatization on Holstein cows caused by two different types of milking systems (CMS – conventional milking system and AMS – an automatic milking system). The experiments were performed in two locations: at Žabčice School Farm of Mendel University in Brno and at ZEMAX, a. s. in Šitbořice. For the evaluation of the degree of traumatization, thermographic images depicting surface temperatures of teats were used. This paper tested the hypothesis that, at extreme conditions, the teat traumatization of Holstein cows does not depend on used milking system. The hypothesis was disproved by the performed monitoring. From statistical point of view, it was observed that there were significant differences depending on which milking system was used.


2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kolenda ◽  
Dariusz Piwczyński ◽  
Marcin Brzozowski ◽  
Beata Sitkowska ◽  
Piotr Wójcik

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes in selected production and functional traits of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows after switching from a conventional (CMS) to an automatic milking system (AMS). The study consisted of 3398 Polish Holstein- Friesian dairy cows, from 16 herds in which CMS was changed to AMS. Cows were in their 1st (L1) or 2nd lactation (L2). The data consisted of milk yield [MY, kg], fat content [FC, %], protein content [PC, %], dry matter [DM, %], lactose content [LC, %], urea content [MU, mg/l], somatic cell count [SCC, thous./ml] and score [SCS, log]. The milking system had a significant impact on milk yield, fat, lactose, dry matter and urea contents. Regardless of lactation number, milk derived from CMS was characterised by higher values for FC, PC, DM SCC and SCS, while milk from AMS had higher MY, LC and MU. Multifactor analysis of variance also confirmed significant effect of herd, season, herd × milking system interaction on SCS in milk of cows in L1. In the studied herds change from CMS to AMS was evaluated separately for cows in L1 and L2. The transitioning from CMS to AMS resulted in the decrease of fat content in 6 L1 and 7 L2 herds, dry matter in 8 L1 and 5 L2 herds. SCS in milk also decreased in 4 L1 and 5 L2 herds. The change caused the increase of MY in 11 L1 and 9 L2 herds, lactose content in 6 L1 and 4 L2 herds and urea content in 9 L1 and 10 L2 herds. AMS may positively affect milk yield and health status, however, the change of milking system should be also accompanied by the change in herd management.


2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 10428-10439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan B. Jensen ◽  
Mariska van der Voort ◽  
Henk Hogeveen

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 9941-9953 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. Menajovsky ◽  
C.E. Walpole ◽  
T.J. DeVries ◽  
K.S. Schwartzkopf-Genswein ◽  
M.E. Walpole ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1784
Author(s):  
Fanny Hjalmarsson ◽  
Ingemar Olsson ◽  
Sabine Ferneborg ◽  
Sigrid Agenäs ◽  
Emma Ternman

Several studies have shown benefits of long-day (16 h) photoperiod in lactating dairy cows, but have not identified a suitable light intensity for the dark hours. It is known that the locomotion pattern of dairy cows is altered at low light intensities and this may translate to reduced cow traffic and milking frequency, which would have a negative impact on system productivity. However, it is also recognised that a significant disturbance of rest may have a negative impact on the health and productivity of high-yielding dairy cows. This study examined the effect of three different night-time light intensities (LOW: 11 ± 3, MED: 33 ± 1 and HIGH: 74 ± 6 lx) on number of gate passages, milking frequency and milk yield in dairy cows in automatic milking systems. The study was conducted in Sweden during the winter of 2012–13 and the treatments were applied in a crossover design to three herds with an automatic milking system. Minimum day time light intensity was 158 lx. Data on gate passages, milking frequency and milk yield for 172 ± 49 (mean ± s.d.) cows during the last 22 days of each 34-day study period were analysed for treatment differences and differences in daily distribution over 24 h, during day time and night time. Light intensity did not affect total number of gate passages per 24-h period and cow, but number of gate passages per hour and cow was in all treatments lower during night time than during day time. Milking frequency was increased in MED compared with both HIGH and LOW (P < 0.05). Milk yield decreased with reduced light intensity, and differed significantly between HIGH and LOW treatments, 45 ± 1 kg and 44 ± 1 kg, respectively (P < 0.001). Our conclusion is that reducing light intensity to 11 lx at night time does not affect cows’ general activity as gate passages remained the same for all treatments. However, milk yield decreased with reduced light intensity, which might be related to a lower feed intake. We argue that providing night light for dairy cows, as required by many welfare acts, might be related to production level rather than welfare aspects and that the recommendations should be revised.


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