Quarter milking in primiparous and multiparous cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Beata Sitkowska ◽  
Dariusz Piwczyński ◽  
Marcin Brzozowski ◽  
Joanna Aerts
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Total Data ◽  
Automatic Milking System ◽  
Automatic Milking ◽  
Automatic Milking Systems ◽  
Model Components

Cows in their first lactation usually have lower milking parameters than multiparous cows. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in milking parameters in primiparous and multiparous cows in a quarter milking system. This is preliminary research which at a later stage will indicate whether primiparous cows milked in an automatic milking system (AMS) throughout their first lactation will have better milking parameters as multiparous cows. The data for statistical analysis was collected from three dairy herds in which Lely Astronaut A4 automatic milking systems were used. In total, data from 718 cows were analysed (531 lactations of primiparous cows and 477 of multiparous cows). The data was collected over a period of four years beginning in 2012, when the automatic milking system was implemented. After eliminating visits to the milking robot which ended in refusal, we analysed 352,708 milking sessions from primiparous cows and 488,711 from multiparous cows. Multifactorial analysis of variance of the numerical data was performed using a linear model taking into account the effect of herd, lactation stage, milking year and season, and the interaction of these factors. The statistical procedure showed that all linear model components had a highly significant or significant impact on the milking parameters considered. During initial stage of lactation the duration of the stay in the milking robot in the two groups was very similar—396-398 s. During this stage the milking time was about 268 s for the primiparous cows and 280 for the multiparous cows, and the average milk yield was 8.38 kg for the former and 10.40 kg for the latter. During the final stage of lactation (after 200 days) the milking time was 214 s in the primiparous cows and 241 in the multiparous cows, with yield of 7.93 and 8.77 kg of milk, respectively. Both primiparous and multiparous cows stayed longer in the milking robot and were milked longer in the spring and winter, which can be linked to higher milk yield. In both groups of cows it took longer to milk the rear quarters; these differences amounted to about 25 s in the primiparous group and about 40 s in the multiparous group.

PROBLEMS OF PROVIDING COWS CONCENTRATES IN AUTOMATIC MILKING SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Д.Р. ШАРИПОВ ◽  
О.А. ЯКИМОВ ◽  
И.Ш. ГАЛИМУЛЛИН
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Automatic Milking System ◽  
Automatic Milking ◽  
Automatic Milking Systems ◽  
The Given ◽  
Visiting Time

Изучена технология дополнительного скармливания концентрированных кормов во время доения в условиях системы автоматизированного доения на коровах голштинской породы, разделенных на 6 групп по молочной продуктивности. Исследования показали, что с повышением молочной продуктивности в группах коров увеличивается количество выданных и потребленных концентратов. Аналогичная закономерность установлена по времени посещения доильной станции на количество потребления комбикорма, чем дольше коровы задерживаются в боксах доения, тем больше концентрированных кормов они потребляют. Животные всех групп неполностью съедают комбикорм, получаемый на станции доения, остатки концентратов от выданной нормы в группе коров с удоем менее 20,0 кг составили 8,3%, 20,1—25,0 кг — 3,6%, 25,1—30,0 кг — 5,9%, 30,1—35,0 кг — 8,9%, 35,1—40,0 кг — 7,9% и в группе с удоем более 40,1 кг — 7,5%. Анализ затрат концентрированных кормов,получаемых на станции доения, на 1 кг молока показал, что группы коров с удоем 35,1—40,0 и более 40,1 кг на 11,5—18,9% недополучают концентратов, обратная тенденция в группе коров с удоем 20,1—25,0 и менее 20,0 кг, которым для сохранения интереса к роботизированной установке требуется на 9,4—10,4% больше концентрированных кормов. The technology of additional feeding of concentrated feeds during milking under the conditions of an automatic milking system on Holstein cows, divided into 6 groups according to milk production, has been studied. Studies have shown that with an increase in milk production in the groups of cows, the amount of concentrates allocated and consumed increases. The influence of box-visiting time per milking on the amount of concentrate consumption has been established, the longer the cows stay in the milking boxes, the more concentrated feed they consume. Animals of all groups do not fully consume the compound feed obtained in the milking box, the remains of concentrates from the given norm in the group of cows with a milk yield of less than 20.0 kg was 8.3%, in the group of  20.1—25.0 kg — 3.6%, in the group of  25, 1—30.0 kg — 5.9%, in the group of 30.1—35.0 kg — 8.9%, in the group of 35.1—40.0 kg — 7.9% and in the group with a milk yield of more  40.1 kg — 7.5%. Analysis of the costs of concentrated feed per kg of milk received at the milking box showed that groups of cows with a yield of 35.1—40.0 and more than 40.1 kg at 11.5—18.9% do not receive concentrates, the opposite trend is a group of cows with a milk yield of 20.1—25.0 and less than 20.0 kg, which require 9.4—10.4% more concentrated feed to maintain interest in a robotic unit.

Evaluation of automatic milking system variables in dairy cows with different levels of lactation stage and reproduction status

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-415
Author(s):  
Vida Juozaitiene ◽  
Arunas Juozaitis ◽  
Judita Zymantiene ◽  
Ugne Spancerniene ◽  
Ramunas Antanaitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Milk Flow ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Automatic Milking System ◽  
Automatic Milking ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Automatic Milking Systems ◽  
Group 1

AbstractIn this study, we hypothesized that differences of automatic milking systems (AMS) variables in dairy cows during estrus and through diverse stages of lactation can be suggested as alternative indicators to support the pregnancy in dairy farms using automatic milking systems. The key objectives were: (1) to determine the variation of automatic milking system indicators during lactation and to estimate the relationship with reproduction status in dairy cows; (2) to test the hypothesis that milking traits of cows can be influenced by estrus and conceiving, and can be used as a predictor of the likelihood of reproductive success in dairy herds. Estrus synchronization was performed in 368 healthy Lithuanian Black and White cows. All cows (n = 368) were synchronized and inseminated for the first time on the 91st day in milk (DIM). Cows not pregnant (17.39%) were synchronized and inseminated again at 132 DIM. After the first insemination pregnant (n = 304) cows were identified as group 1, after the second insemination pregnant (n = 58) cows – as group 2. Overall, 12 01 713 records of udder quarters in cows from 5 to 305 DIM were evaluated. The results revealed the reduction in milk yield during estrus 11.05% on 91 DIM and 13.89% on 132 DIM (P < 0.001) and an increment in milk flow traits in cows after 91 DIM (P < 0.05), also a slight decline in milk flow traits on 132 DIM. Furthermore, milking frequency (MF) of cows decreased significantly (P < 0.001) after conceiving. The interval between milkings (MI) increased (40.30%) during estrus of cows in group 1 (P < 0.001), and thereafter gradually increased, however in group 2 there was a temporary increment (6.06%) on the 91 DIM and steady rise (42.13%) on 132 DIM was noticed. The results highlight that changes in AMS indicators of cows may be considered as an additional tool for improvement of reproductive management in dairy herds, but further research-based studies are necessary before practical application.

scholarly journals Comparison of yield, composition and quality of milk of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows in conventional and automatic milking systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kolenda ◽  
Dariusz Piwczyński ◽  
Marcin Brzozowski ◽  
Beata Sitkowska ◽  
Piotr Wójcik
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Urea Content ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Automatic Milking ◽  
Automatic Milking Systems ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Friesian Cows

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes in selected production and functional traits of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows after switching from a conventional (CMS) to an automatic milking system (AMS). The study consisted of 3398 Polish Holstein- Friesian dairy cows, from 16 herds in which CMS was changed to AMS. Cows were in their 1st (L1) or 2nd lactation (L2). The data consisted of milk yield [MY, kg], fat content [FC, %], protein content [PC, %], dry matter [DM, %], lactose content [LC, %], urea content [MU, mg/l], somatic cell count [SCC, thous./ml] and score [SCS, log]. The milking system had a significant impact on milk yield, fat, lactose, dry matter and urea contents. Regardless of lactation number, milk derived from CMS was characterised by higher values for FC, PC, DM SCC and SCS, while milk from AMS had higher MY, LC and MU. Multifactor analysis of variance also confirmed significant effect of herd, season, herd × milking system interaction on SCS in milk of cows in L1. In the studied herds change from CMS to AMS was evaluated separately for cows in L1 and L2. The transitioning from CMS to AMS resulted in the decrease of fat content in 6 L1 and 7 L2 herds, dry matter in 8 L1 and 5 L2 herds. SCS in milk also decreased in 4 L1 and 5 L2 herds. The change caused the increase of MY in 11 L1 and 9 L2 herds, lactose content in 6 L1 and 4 L2 herds and urea content in 9 L1 and 10 L2 herds. AMS may positively affect milk yield and health status, however, the change of milking system should be also accompanied by the change in herd management.

scholarly journals Dynamic forecasting of individual cow milk yield in automatic milking systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 10428-10439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan B. Jensen ◽  
Mariska van der Voort ◽  
Henk Hogeveen
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Dynamic Forecasting ◽  
Automatic Milking ◽  
Automatic Milking Systems

Effect of low light intensity at night on cow traffic in automatic milking systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1784
Author(s):  
Fanny Hjalmarsson ◽  
Ingemar Olsson ◽  
Sabine Ferneborg ◽  
Sigrid Agenäs ◽  
Emma Ternman
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Milking Frequency ◽  
Automatic Milking ◽  
Automatic Milking Systems ◽  
Reduced Light

Several studies have shown benefits of long-day (16 h) photoperiod in lactating dairy cows, but have not identified a suitable light intensity for the dark hours. It is known that the locomotion pattern of dairy cows is altered at low light intensities and this may translate to reduced cow traffic and milking frequency, which would have a negative impact on system productivity. However, it is also recognised that a significant disturbance of rest may have a negative impact on the health and productivity of high-yielding dairy cows. This study examined the effect of three different night-time light intensities (LOW: 11 ± 3, MED: 33 ± 1 and HIGH: 74 ± 6 lx) on number of gate passages, milking frequency and milk yield in dairy cows in automatic milking systems. The study was conducted in Sweden during the winter of 2012–13 and the treatments were applied in a crossover design to three herds with an automatic milking system. Minimum day time light intensity was 158 lx. Data on gate passages, milking frequency and milk yield for 172 ± 49 (mean ± s.d.) cows during the last 22 days of each 34-day study period were analysed for treatment differences and differences in daily distribution over 24 h, during day time and night time. Light intensity did not affect total number of gate passages per 24-h period and cow, but number of gate passages per hour and cow was in all treatments lower during night time than during day time. Milking frequency was increased in MED compared with both HIGH and LOW (P < 0.05). Milk yield decreased with reduced light intensity, and differed significantly between HIGH and LOW treatments, 45 ± 1 kg and 44 ± 1 kg, respectively (P < 0.001). Our conclusion is that reducing light intensity to 11 lx at night time does not affect cows’ general activity as gate passages remained the same for all treatments. However, milk yield decreased with reduced light intensity, which might be related to a lower feed intake. We argue that providing night light for dairy cows, as required by many welfare acts, might be related to production level rather than welfare aspects and that the recommendations should be revised.

The impact of a shaded pre-milking yard on a pasture-based automatic milking system

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashleigh M. Wildridge ◽  
Sergio C. Garcia ◽  
Peter C. Thomson ◽  
Ellen C. Jongman ◽  
Cameron E.F. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Shade Treatment ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Automatic Milking System ◽  
Automatic Milking ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
The Impact

During hot weather cows typically reduce feed intake and actively seek shade and water to reduce the metabolic stress on their bodies. This can have a negative impact on the occurrence of voluntary milking visits to an automatic milking system (AMS) operating with voluntary traffic, thus reducing milking frequency. Shade is known to be effective in alleviating heat stress in dairy cattle; however, the impact of providing shade at the milking facility of a pasture-based AMS on time taken to voluntarily enter a milking unit is unknown. A herd of ~300 lactating cows milked in a pasture-based AMS were divided into two groups during the summer of 2016. Each group spent 4 weeks in a SHADE (predominately shaded pre-milking yard) and a NO-SHADE (predominantly non-shaded pre-milking yard) treatment, with two periods in a crossover design. Cow respiration rates, time spent in pre- and post-milking areas, concentrate consumption and milk yield were recorded. On average, cows in the SHADE treatment were found to take longer to enter the milking unit than did cows in the NO-SHADE treatment (SHADE = 11.40 min, NO-SHADE = 8.70 min, P < 0.001). SHADE was also associated with lower average respiration rates (SHADE = 68 breaths per minute (bpm), NO-SHADE = 73 bpm, P < 0.001), increased concentrate consumption (SHADE = 6.50 kg/cow.day, NO-SHADE = 6.39 kg/cow.day, P = 0.03) and increased milk yield (SHADE = 11.44 kg/cow.milking, NO-SHADE = 10.95 kg/cow.milking, P < 0.001). Overall, SHADE made available to the cows pre-milking appeared to improve cow performance and comfort (as indicated by reduced respiration rates).

scholarly journals Aussagegenauigkeit der Milchleistungsprüfung unter Bedingungen automatischer Melkverfahren – Vergleich deutscher und kanadischer Modellansätze

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bohlsen ◽  
R. Waßmuth ◽  
D. Ordolff
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Milk Secretion ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Testing Period ◽  
Automatic Milking ◽  
Automatic Milking Systems

Abstract. Title of the paper: Reliability of milk recording applying automatic milking - comparison of German and Canadian model approaches Due to a high variability of milking intervals within animals rate of milk secretion and milk yield per hour in automatic milking systems (AMS) are more variable than in conventional milking systems. Further reasons are technical problems and the absence of milking persons cows with problems are to be milked. The calculation of milk yield obtained in 24 hours, only based on milking during the test day, is not precise enough. To calculate the average milk yield in a testing period as many milking as possible should be taken into consideration. Milk yield calculated according to that procedure does not correspond with milk composition of the test day. Based on 85012 milking on one farm the amount of milking was calculated, required to minimize the variability of milk yield per hour and to obtain a high correlation of the calculated daily yield with the "real" milk yield during the sampling period. Depending on number and state of lactation it was found that between 13 and 16 milking are required to obtain a maximum of accuracy. In all classes 12 milking would result in 95% of the maximum accuracy. Since farm management and type of the AMS may affect the results additional types of AMS and more farms should be included into the evaluation.

Relative motivations of dairy cows to attend a voluntary automatic milking system

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
N. B. Prescott ◽  
T. T. Mottram ◽  
A. J. F. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Human Intervention ◽  
Proportional Increase ◽  
Automatic Milking System ◽  
Automatic Milking ◽  
Milking Machine ◽  
Conventional Systems

Voluntary automatic milking is proposed as a system whereby dairy cows can choose to be milked when they want. The aim is to develop a system that can milk and perform all the associated tasks without requiring routine human intervention. (Details of the design and operation can be found in Street et al., 1992.) The system may not be viable unless the cows visit at an appropriate frequency, high enough to generate the 0·10 to 0·15 proportional increase of milk yield from cows milked three or more times per day (e.g. Knight and Wilde, 1993) but not so high as to result in some cows over-using the system. Understanding why cows may want to visit the system is therefore important. The two most important reasons why a cow may attend are likely to be motivation to be milked and motivation to eat. Motivation to be milked may change as lactation progresses. Late lactation cows have been shown to enter a milking parlour later than high yielding cows in one experiment (Rathore, 1982) but not in another (Winter, 1993). Rathore (1982) suggested that motivation to be milked may be generated by the discomfort of a large and distended udder. Motivation to be milked may also be linked to some inherent desire of the cow to suckle and subsequently wean her calf. This may be independent of the amount of milk in her udder and decline during lactation. Therefore motivation to be milked could be generated either from the discomfort of a large and distended udder or by some psychological desire by the cow to suckle a calf generalized to a milking machine. Either way, the strength of motivation to be milked may have implications for how an automatic milking system (AMS) is designed. For example, if cows were highly motivated to be milked and attended at an appropriate frequency, there would be no requirement to provide additional incentives, such as food, to attract cows into the AMS. In addition, if cows choose to be milked more frequently than they are milked in conventional systems (generally twice per day), then this may be a method by which choices can be engineered into an animal’s environment.

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