scholarly journals Bi-Generators Flow Meter of Instant Values (Characteriograph)

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
I. Topolov
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Frequency Converter ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Energy Characteristics ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Indirect Control ◽  
Functional Scheme ◽  
Consumption Control ◽  
Metrological Parameters

The article describes a variant of constructing an instantaneous flowmeter, designed to monitor the energy characteristics of internal combustion engines located on long-term bench tests, under different load conditions. The result of the development is a system using the method of indirect control of the weight of consumed fuel from a sample tank, by measuring the pressure in it. To ensure the required accuracy and stability, the flowmeter uses a pressure-period frequency converter built on a bi-ge­nerator circuit. As a result of the research carried out in the work: the algorithm of work and the functional scheme of the automated device intended for precision control of instantaneous fuel consumption are developed; the method of calculation of the basic metrological parameters of the flowmeter of instantaneous values is proposed; conducted research is the basis for designing new automa­ted devices for precision consumption control.

scholarly journals INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNICAL MEANS OF QUALITY CONTROL RESTORATION OF SMALL-SIZED ENGINES

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-151
Author(s):  
Yuriy Paladiychuk ◽  
Inna Telyatnuk
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Functional Scheme

Mechanization of labor on small farms and individual farms is a very important issue of modern agriculture. The use of small agricultural machinery with a capacity of up to 16 kW is quite relevant today. Small-sized machinery is divided into: small 4-wheeled tractors, 2-wheeled motoblocks, cultivators, machines and equipment. With the help of this technique perform various agricultural and other types of work in crop production, horticulture, gardening on small plots, livestock and more. Despite its rather small size, small equipment also has various mechanisms that fail over time. Most often, the parts of the internal combustion engine fail. In general, the cost of repairing the internal combustion engine during operation may exceed the total cost of the engine by 5-6 times. Thus, there is a question of improving the system of technical service of engines of small tractors. This article considers the issue of increasing the efficiency of operation of internal combustion engines for small tractors, due to the effective conduct of after-sales or post-repair running-in and improving the maintenance system. Types of small-sized equipment are presented. The analysis of possible loading and speed modes of cold and hot running-in of internal combustion engines and means for their realization is carried out. Technical means for running-in and testing of internal combustion engines are analyzed. The following formulas are given for determination: smoke of exhaust gases at running-in of engines; light transmission of exhaust gases; speed control range; load torque; the content of harmful substances (Q) in the exhaust gases on the j-th components. The necessity of bench running-in of engines of small-sized agricultural machinery is substantiated. The functional scheme of the stand for running-in and testing of internal combustion engines is considered. The stages of cold and hot running-in of small-sized engines are described. With the help of the received information, the results are made and the analysis of methods of running-in of internal combustion engines of small-sized agricultural machinery is carried out.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-115
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cell ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Short Time

Hydrogen fuel constitutes an attainable alternative strategy, which can be implemented in the long term. This strategy can avoid the risk of commodity supply dependency (rare earths and copper) and can delay the still open decisions on e-mobility. Hydrogen internal combustion engines represent a doable and less expensive solution for using hydrogen than purchasing a new car equipped with a hydrogen fuel cell. Conventional piston engines can be switched to gas operation with relatively little change. This approach is environmentally more viable, as in a short time most vehicles can be switched to emission-free operation. Also, it can avoid the risk of commodity supply dependency (rare earths and copper) and can delay the still open decisions on e-mobility.

scholarly journals Analisis pemakaian bahan bakar biogas termurnikan pada unjuk kerja motor bakar

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudy Sutanto ◽  
Kusuma Wardani ◽  
Arif Mulyanto ◽  
Nurchayati Nurchayati ◽  
Pandri Pandiatmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flow ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Specific Target ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Mass Flow Rates

The long term purpose of this research is to obtain the high quality renewable biogas that can be used as fuel for internal combustion engines to drive an electricity generator as energy diversification efforts in the area of small sustainable islands. The specific target expected to be achieved is a method/technique for absorbing impurities contained in biogas, especially CO2 component. The study was conducted to reduce the level of CO2 in biogas using NaOH solution. The mass flow rates of biogas employed were 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 l/min. The biogas was then tested using an engine to see the effect CO2 on the engine performance at several rotations, i.e. 1500, 2500, 3500, and 4500 rpm. The results show that the torque increases by 21.3% for biogas B2 compared to the unpurified biogas. For biogas B4, the torque increases by 19.1%. While for biogas B6, B8, and B10, the torques increase by 14.9%, 12.8%, and 8.5% respectively. For biogas B2, the SFCE decreases by 33.4%, for biogas B4, the SFCE declines of about 22.7%, while for biogas B6, the SFCE declines by 17.9%. The SFCSs also decline by 13.9% and 8.5% for biogas B8 and B10.

Challenges in Measuring Lube Oil Consumption of Internal Combustion Engines Using Deuterium As a Tracer

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Rossegger ◽  
Michael Engelmayer ◽  
Andreas Wimmer
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Test Bench ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Measurement Time ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Oil Consumption ◽  
Engine Exhaust

Abstract Lube oil emission is thought to have a negative influence on hydrocarbon and particle emissions, autoignition and the life-cycle cost of internal combustion engines. Thus, one of the major goals of combustion engine research and development is to optimize lube oil consumption, for example by optimizing the tribological behavior of the piston group (interaction between piston rings and cylinder liner). This requires the application of a fast and accurate lube oil consumption measurement method. Methods such as gravimetric and volumetric measurement are outdated for R&D applications because of measurement time, absolute accuracy as well as repeatability, however some OEMs are still applying this method. At present, the use of tracer methods for measuring lube oil consumption is considered the most promising in terms of decreasing measurement time and increasing accuracy. For example, sulfur as a tracer is one of the most established methods for measuring lube oil consumption, but previous publications have revealed downsides and future challenges of its use. This publication, however, highlights the challenges of using the stable hydrogen isotope deuterium as a tracer which are still to overcome, in order to become a viable and reliable method for measuring lube oil consumption on internal combustion engines. In the introduction, a novel concept of measuring lube oil consumption with deuterated engine oil and the test bench setup are explained. Following laboratory experiments, test bench runs on a heavy-duty diesel engine and long-term studies on a field engine, three major challenges facing the new approach are identified and potential solutions are proposed. First, the long-term stability of the tracer in the lube oil and potential changes in the physical and chemical properties of the oil due to deuteration are discussed in light of the results of tests on a field engine that uses deuterated engine oil. Second, the hydrogen-deuterium exchange process to mark the oil with the tracer is examined and potential approaches for reducing cost and duration are highlighted. The universal applicability of the deuteration process to several base oil groups is also explained. Finally, the detection of deuterium in the gas of the engine exhaust and potential cross-sensitivities to trace gases as well as other crucial limitations of the detector in analyzing engine exhaust are addressed. The summary presents the requirements for converting the experiments with a deuterium tracer into a reliable method for lube oil consumption measurement providing crucial properties such as high accuracy, short measurement time, effort and ease of use.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ROLLER BRAKE TESTER FOR RUNNING OF SMALL-BASED ENGINES OF AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT IN COLD REGIMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
Александр Иншаков ◽  
Aleksandr Inshakov ◽  
Дмитрий Байков ◽  
Dmitriy Baykov ◽  
Иван Курбаков ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Frequency Converter ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Speed Mode ◽  
Task Step

The research aim is to determine the function of the tester for running internal combustion engines of mobile agri-cultural machinery of low power. To this goal, it was proposed to run the engines of small-scale mechanization on the previously developed specialized rolling-brake tester, consisting of an asynchronous electric machine with a phase rotor connected to a three-phase electrical network and a matrix frequency. Converter included in the three-phase electrical network and consisting of nine bidirectional transistor keys, which receive signals of space-vector control from the automatic control system, associated with testing measuring equipment based on a personal com-puter. To establish the actual characteristics of the developed tester, the requirements for technical means for run-ning and of engines of small-sized agricultural machinery were formulated and trials were carried out. The experi-mental characterization was carried out in various modes, and a diesel engine F. GREENFIELD GF178 was used as a trial. The limitations of the tester in the field of setting the rotational speed for stepless and step-by-step change in the speed mode of the cold running of the engine of small-scale mechanization from 30 to 3000 rpm (with a task step of 1 rpm) with the decompressor open and from 500 to 3000 rpm (with a task step of 1 rpm) – when closed. At the same time, the deviation in the maintenance of this speed mode was in the range from 0.2 to 3.3% and de-creased with the increase in the rotation rate. Designed tester enables you to make speedy modes cold running engines small agricultural machinery power class 0.1 and 0.2 when it was created and technical service.

CULTIVATION SYSTEM OF GREEN MICROALGAE, BOTRYOCOCCUS BRAUNII: A REVIEW

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Azalina Zakariah ◽  
Norazah Abd. Rahman ◽  
Fazlena Hamzah ◽  
Tajuddin Md Jahi
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Simple Structure ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Botryococcus Braunii ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Biofuel Feedstock ◽  
Two Stages

Renewable energy by using microalgae is another route to solve fossil fuel dependence, reduce climate change and enhance food security. The microalgae has a simple structure. Photosynthesis reaction of the microalgae converts solar energy into chemical energy which later can be used as fuel. This paper reviews microalgae as a new prospective for biofuel feedstock that is produced from non - food sources which offer a long term of sustainability and energy security. The cultivation system under open and closed system are discussed in this paper. A common weakness of the systems is low lipid production. A two stages culture also known as hybrid cultivation system that is discuseed in this paper can be used to overcome the weakness. A review on the performance of the microalgae biofuel  applying in the internal combustion engines is presented in the last section of this paper.

scholarly journals SURVEY OF METHODS OF CALCULATING PARAMETERS OF MARINE DIESEL OPERATING CYCLE

2018 ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Mikhail Sergeevich Kurlenko ◽  
Alexander Aleksandrovich Budin ◽  
Aleksandr Dorokhov ◽  
Nikolay Vasilievich Selivanov
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Operating Cycle ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Operation Cycle

The need in research works on improving working process of internal combustion engines requires analyzing parameters of operation cycle. The aim of the study is to create a generalized technique for calculating the high-speed cycle diesel engines under different ways of working processes based on well-researched and reliable methodology based on using dependencies containing the general parameters of the engine performance. With the development of technology, particularly, engine manufacturing and evolution of engineering thought, by combining and add-on workflow operationalization of internal combustion engines there was received a reliable Grinevetskiy-Mazing technique of engineering calculations as a general system. Professor V.I. Grinevetskiy in his thermal design offered a pre-set temperature of residual gases Т г and cylinder filling factor ηN and gave formulas to calculate the starting compression temperature coefficient γг. The follower of V.I. Grinevetskiy, E.K. Mazing offered to evaluate the temperature of residual gases Т г and residual gas coefficient γг, and to calculate temperature of starting pressure Та and filling coefficient ηN introducing value of temperature Т′ 0 (air wormed by cylinder walls) into Grinevetskiy equation system. Today there are various software analytical complexes with different capacity (number of integrated functions), assignment (analysis, diagnostics, check calculation, design etc.), as well as basic method of calculation, which is the basic principle of the whole logic complex. Grinevetskiy-Mazing technique that has passed evolution of specifications and complements made in the course of time forms the basis of calculating method of operation cycle of marine diesel engines.

scholarly journals Development of a Design Technique for Installing Internal Combustion Engines on a Locomotive Using System Engineering Methods

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Emelyanov
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
System Engineering ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Design Technique ◽  
Functional Scheme ◽  
Engineering Requirement

The article presents an example of application of system approach methods to create a method of designing the installation of internal combustion engines on locomotives. The work is directed on development of the universal technique, allowing to reduce design terms as much as possible and to exclude errors arising at this process. Advantages of creation of the structured process with use of engineering of requirements and creation of the structurally functional scheme of a final product are shown. Keywords: locomotive, systems engineering, requirement, function, stakeholder, design, subsystem, interfaces.

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