scholarly journals Measurement Standards of Ukraine for Gas Volume Flow Rate at Pressures of 1 MPa to 5 MPa

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Rozhnov ◽  
Dmytro Melnyk ◽  
Ovsiy Levbarg
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Primary Standard ◽  
Metrological Traceability ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Working Standard ◽  
Measurement Standards ◽  
Primary Measurement

The characteristics of the primary measurement standards of the volume gas flow rate at high pressure developed in various countries are considered. A hierarchical scheme for gas flow measuring instruments and a corresponding metrological traceability chain are presented. Described is a PVTt method, on which the primary standards of gas flow rate used in the USA, France, Japan, and Taiwan are based. The need to create in Ukraine primary measurement standards of gas flow rate at high pressure covering different parts of the total flow rate interval from 0,3 m3/h to 1800 m3/h at a pressure of 1 MPa to 5 MPa is substantiated. Metrological traceability of gas flow measurements is realized through a sequence of critical flow Venturi nozzles, which play a role of the reference flow rate material measures. The standards might be used to calibrate the primary reference Venturi nozzles of the most common 0,1 mm to 8 mm diameters. The characteristics and parameters of the standards are determined. By their metrological and technical characteristics, the standards will correspond to the state-of-the-art level. According to the programme of developing the measurement-standard facilities in Ukraine, in 2019 the primary standard PVTt-65 was created and work had started on the development of the primary standard PVTt-1800 and the working standard PE-5400. A detailed study of the metrological characteristics of the measurement standards will be the topic of further work.

Calibration of High Pressure Gas Meters with Sonic Nozzles

1972 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 440-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
M G Peignelin
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Pressure Effect ◽  
Critical Flow ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Cylindrical Throat ◽  
Working Out ◽  
Venturi Nozzle

At present, gas meters are calibrated under low pressure with standard Bell provers. As the meters can be used under high pressure on the network, the pressure effect upon the error curve must be determined. To avoid this drawback, we have been searching for another standard of gas flow rate at the Gaz de France test station which disposes of a natural gas having steady characteristics and capable of operating at a pressure of 50 bar and a flow rate about 12 000 m3/h (N). This study led us to the working out of a new technique based upon a critical flow meter: the venturi nozzle with a cylindrical throat. This paper presents: the results of the sonic nozzles calibration a description of the equipment composed of sonic nozzles to calibrate meters and some examples of the use of this standard of flow rate.

Ozone Mass Transfer in a Recirculating Loop Semibatch Reactor Operated at High Pressure

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Moslemi ◽  
Simon H. Davies ◽  
Susan J. Masten
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Ozone Decomposition ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Gaseous Ozone

AbstractThe effects of water flow rate, mixing, gaseous ozone concentration, inlet gas flow rate, temperature, and pH on ozone hydrodynamics at high pressure were studied. Varying the cross flow rate had only a slight influence on the ozone mass transfer rates, indicating that sufficient mixing in the reactor was attained at the low flow rates used. The addition of an inline static mixer had a negligible effect on aqueous ozone concentrations in the reactor, suggesting that mixing was sufficient without the mixer. The ozone mass transfer increased with increasing gaseous ozone concentration and with the inlet gas flow rate. The dissolved ozone concentration decreased with increasing pH due to the greater rate of ozone decomposition at higher pH. Increasing the temperature resulted in a decrease in the ozone mass transfer. A model to describe the ozone mass transfer was developed. Good agreement between the model predictions and the experimental data was achieved.

G0500504 Results of Preliminary Intercomparison Tests on High-Pressure Gas Flow Rate Standard

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (0) ◽  
pp. _G0500504--_G0500504-
Author(s):  
Toshihiro MORIOKA ◽  
Yoshiya TERAO ◽  
Masaru ITO ◽  
Ryutaro ICHIHASHI ◽  
Atsushi SHIGEMORI
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Gas Flow Rate

Simulation of CO2 removal from pressurized natural gas stream contains high CO2 concentration by absorption process using membrane contactors

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza A. Ahmed ◽  
Harith N. Mohammed ◽  
Omar S. Lateef ◽  
Ghassan H. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Contact Area ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Membrane Contactors

AbstractDespite the importance of natural gas (NG) as an energy source, there is a lot of pressurized landfill gas not exploited so far because it contains high CO2 concentration. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a 2-D mathematical model to simulate CO2 removal from NG stream contains high CO2 concentration up to 70% at high-pressure up to 60 bar using three different dimensions of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane contactors. Aqueous solutions of activated methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) with piperazine (PZ) were adopted. The performance of considered absorbent at high-pressure was evaluated at the non-wetting mode condition of membrane contactor. Moreover, the effect of pressure, contact area, gas flow rate, MDEA concentration into the amine mixture, PZ concentration, temperature and membrane properties were theoretically investigated. The findings stated that activated MDEA had different performance in terms of membrane wetting compared with other amines, which used at high pressure in previous studies. In addition, the simulation results showed that CO2 removal efficiency was significantly enhanced, when the operating pressure, contact area, PZ concentration and temperature were increased. However, increasing gas flow rate leads to reduce CO2 removal efficiency. Furthermore, the CO2 absorption was significantly improved by adding a small amount of PZ to MDEA. The predicted model results showed a good agreement with experimental data obtained from the literature.

SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES OF EFFICIENT FUEL USE AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY GAS COMBUSTION IN STOVE PLATES. PART 1. MODERN STATE-OF-THE-ART AND DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT THE GAS BURNING IN DOMESTIC GAS COOKERS

2017 ◽  
pp. 3-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Soroka ◽  
V.V. Horupa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Orifice Diameter ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Gas Stoves

Natural gas NG consumption in industry and energy of Ukraine, in recent years falls down as a result of the crisis in the country’s economy, to a certain extent due to the introduction of renewable energy sources along with alternative technologies, while in the utility sector the consumption of fuel gas flow rate enhancing because of an increase the number of consumers. The natural gas is mostly using by domestic purpose for heating of premises and for cooking. These items of the gas utilization in Ukraine are already exceeding the NG consumption in industry. Cooking is proceeding directly in the living quarters, those usually do not meet the requirements of the Ukrainian norms DBN for the ventilation procedures. NG use in household gas stoves is of great importance from the standpoint of controlling the emissions of harmful components of combustion products along with maintenance the satisfactory energy efficiency characteristics of NG using. The main environment pollutants when burning the natural gas in gas stoves are including the nitrogen oxides NOx (to a greater extent — highly toxic NO2 component), carbon oxide CO, formaldehyde CH2O as well as hydrocarbons (unburned UHC and polyaromatic PAH). An overview of environmental documents to control CO and NOx emissions in comparison with the proper norms by USA, EU, Russian Federation, Australia and China, has been completed. The modern designs of the burners for gas stoves are considered along with defining the main characteristics: heat power, the natural gas flow rate, diameter of gas orifice, diameter and spacing the firing openings and other parameters. The modern physical and chemical principles of gas combustion by means of atmospheric ejection burners of gas cookers have been analyzed from the standpoints of combustion process stabilization and of ensuring the stability of flares. Among the factors of the firing process destabilization within the framework of analysis above mentioned, the following forms of unstable combustion/flame unstabilities have been considered: flashback, blow out or flame lifting, and the appearance of flame yellow tips. Bibl. 37, Fig. 11, Tab. 7.

On the Influence of Fluctuating Flow Rate Upon the Performance and Behaviour of Isothermal Reacting Systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 881-898
Author(s):  
Otakar Trnka ◽  
Miloslav Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Gas Flow Rate ◽  
Solid Reaction ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Reacting Systems

Three simple computational techniques are proposed and employed to demonstrate the effect of fluctuating flow rate of feed on the behaviour and performance of an isothermal, continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). A fluidized bed reactor (FBR), in which a non-catalytic gas-solid reaction occurs, is also considered. The influence of amplitude and frequency of gas flow rate fluctuations on reactant concentrations at the exit of the CSTR is shown in four different situations.

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