The effects of different ceiling structures and plan typologies on acoustical conditions of historical mosques

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (4) ◽  
pp. 2533-2543
Author(s):  
Fatma Yelkenci Sert ◽  
Özgül Yılmaz Karaman ◽  
Özgül Yilmaz Karaman
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Geometric Parameter ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Acoustical Parameters ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Building Type ◽  
Muslim People ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Level ◽  
Acoustical Data

Mosque is a building type used by Muslim people consists of speech and music rituals. Good acoustical condition in mosques is an important issue to provide desired acoustical environment for prayers and Imams during different worship rituals. Prayers need to feel individuality in praying and the sense of unity in recitation of the Quran, hymns. Worship activities need a high level of speech intelligibility and to satisfy prayers in the spiritual aspects which make people feel closed to the God. In the context of study, six historical mosques in Turkey, with different types of cover structures and plan typologies, are designated as study areas. The present study contains two methods which the first one is collecting acoustical data by measurements and the second consists of mathematical modelling software program. The purpose of study to investigate effects of different plan typology and ceiling structures on acoustical characteristics in mosques with similar volume. Also, distribution of acoustical parameters and the suitability of the values obtained through acoustic simulations and measurements to the recommended values are aimed to be investigated. As a result of the investigations, it was concluded that the objective acoustic parameters of mosques changed according to the geometric parameter properties.

scholarly journals The Accuracy of Predicted Acoustical Parameters in Ancient Open-Air Theatres: A Case Study in Syracusae

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Bo ◽  
Louena Shtrepi ◽  
David Pelegrín Garcia ◽  
Giulio Barbato ◽  
Francesco Aletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Modelling And Simulation ◽  
Just Noticeable Difference ◽  
Reverberation Time ◽  
Impulse Responses ◽  
Acoustical Parameters ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Scattering Coefficients ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Good Agreement

Nowadays, ancient open-air theatres are often re-adapted as performance spaces for the additional historical value they can offer to the spectators’ experience. Therefore, there has been an increasing interest in the modelling and simulation of the acoustics of such spaces. These open-air performance facilities pose several methodological challenges to researchers and practitioners when it comes to precisely measure and predict acoustical parameters. Therefore this work investigates the accuracy of predicted acoustical parameters, that is, the Reverberation Time (T20), Clarity (C80) and Sound Strength (G), taking the ancient Syracusae open-air theatre in Italy as a case study. These parameters were derived from both measured and simulated Impulse Responses (IR). The accuracy of the acoustic parameters predicted with two different types of acoustic software, due to the input variability of the absorption and scattering coefficients, was assessed. All simulated and measured parameters were in good agreement, within the range of one “just noticeable difference” (JND), for the tested coefficient combinations.

THE INFLUENCE OF ROOM ACOUSTIC PARAMETERS ON THE PERCEPTION OF ROOM CHARACTERISTICS

Akustika ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Alicja Jasińska ◽  
Maurycy Kin
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Strength Parameter ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Different Types

The article presents the possibility of identification of rooms on the basis of binaural perception. Results of subjective evaluation were compared with the values of sound strength, G. A previously unknown sound term was introduced: the strength of spatial impression as the inverse of standard deviation of the results obtained. It turned out that the results presenting the sound strength parameter can be correlated with the subjective evaluation of the spatial impression, which is the size of the room. It can be helpful in the process of room identification, probably due to the reverberation impression in the room. Authors plan to continue the study with more rooms and different types of sound sources.

Using Histological and Chemical Methods for Detection of Unauthorized Tissues Addition in Emulsion Type Meat Product

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Meat Product ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Plant Stem ◽  
High Level ◽  
Reliable Methods

Total twenty different processed meat plant producing emulsion type sausage were histologically and chemically examined for detection of adulteration with unauthorized tissues. Results revealed that samples were adulterated with different types of animal tissues included; hyaline cartilage, tendon, spongy bone, peripheral nerve trunk, basophilic matrix, lymphatic tissue, fascia, fibrocartilage and vascular tissue. Moreover, these samples were adulterated Also, adulterated with plant tissue included; plant stem, leaves and root. Chemical analysis showed a significant difference in their chemical composition (moisture, fat, protein, ash and calcium) content. Moisture and fat content varied around the permissible limit of E.S.S. while low protein, high ash and calcium content was detected in the examined samples. Therefore, Histological and chemical examinations can be used as reliable methods to detect adultration using unauthorized addition of both animal and plant tissues in processed meat product samples which revealed a high level of falsification.

scholarly journals Space Precession Target Classification Based on Radar High-Resolution Range Profiles

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yizhe Wang ◽  
Cunqian Feng ◽  
Yongshun Zhang ◽  
Sisan He
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Extraction ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Electromagnetic Data ◽  
Feature Extractor ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Radar Echo ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cone Target

Precession is a common micromotion form of space targets, introducing additional micro-Doppler (m-D) modulation into the radar echo. Effective classification of space targets is of great significance for further micromotion parameter extraction and identification. Feature extraction is a key step during the classification process, largely influencing the final classification performance. This paper presents two methods for classifying different types of space precession targets from the HRRPs. We first establish the precession model of space targets and analyze the scattering characteristics and then compute electromagnetic data of the cone target, cone-cylinder target, and cone-cylinder-flare target. Experimental results demonstrate that the support vector machine (SVM) using histograms of oriented gradient (HOG) features achieves a good result, whereas the deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) obtains a higher classification accuracy. DCNN combines the feature extractor and the classifier itself to automatically mine the high-level signatures of HRRPs through a training process. Besides, the efficiency of the two classification processes are compared using the same dataset.

scholarly journals Quantifying the signals contained in heterogeneous neural responses and determining their relationships with task performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (6) ◽  
pp. 1584-1598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marino Pagan ◽  
Nicole C. Rust
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Single Neuron ◽  
Weighted Sums ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Signal Modulation ◽  
Neural Data ◽  
Match To Sample ◽  
Neural Populations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Level

The responses of high-level neurons tend to be mixtures of many different types of signals. While this diversity is thought to allow for flexible neural processing, it presents a challenge for understanding how neural responses relate to task performance and to neural computation. To address these challenges, we have developed a new method to parse the responses of individual neurons into weighted sums of intuitive signal components. Our method computes the weights by projecting a neuron's responses onto a predefined orthonormal basis. Once determined, these weights can be combined into measures of signal modulation; however, in their raw form these signal modulation measures are biased by noise. Here we introduce and evaluate two methods for correcting this bias, and we report that an analytically derived approach produces performance that is robust and superior to a bootstrap procedure. Using neural data recorded from inferotemporal cortex and perirhinal cortex as monkeys performed a delayed-match-to-sample target search task, we demonstrate how the method can be used to quantify the amounts of task-relevant signals in heterogeneous neural populations. We also demonstrate how these intuitive quantifications of signal modulation can be related to single-neuron measures of task performance ( d′).

Modelling of a Twin-Track Vehicle Model with Modular Wheel Suspensions

2012 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 214-218
Author(s):  
Michael Unterreiner ◽  
Dieter Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Jacobian Matrix ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Multi Body ◽  
Modelling Approach

A mathematical modelling approach of a multi-body wheel suspension is presented. The wheel suspension is modelled in a modular manner so that different types of vehicles can be simulated. The inter-changeability of the wheel suspensions is achieved by calculating the translational and rotational Jacobian matrix and its partial time derivatives for the wheel carrier and the wheel. The results of modelling the kinematics of a McPherson wheel suspension are shown.

scholarly journals Skew Superelevation Edge Rounding Design Improving Riding Comfort on Freeways

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-357
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Apostoleris ◽  
Basil Psarianos ◽  
Ioannis-Alexandros Choupas ◽  
Vassilios Matragos
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Simulation Program ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Parameter Change ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Vertical Accelerations ◽  
Design Speed ◽  
High Level ◽  
Traveling Speed

Skew superelevation has proven to be an efficient pavement constructional measure to address hydroplaning phenomena under specific critical superelevation runoff designs. However, this technique has raised concerns about user’s comfort when driving over the skewed edge of the pavement, especially for heavy vehicles and when the traveling speed is higher than the design speed. This paper aims to evaluate the driving comfort outcome on an improved skew superelevation design, where a rounding of the skew edge has been applied. This is achieved through the use of a simulation program which examines the vehicle and driver behavior when passing over it. The simulation program estimates many parameters including the lateral and vertical accelerations ( Gy and Gz) imposed on both elements, the vehicle and the driver. This evaluation is made for different alignment designs provided in the freeway design and for a broad range of especially high velocities ranging from 80 to 160 km/h (50–100 mph), as well as for different types of heavy vehicles. Also, the influence on the above parameters has been investigated in respect of the distance between two consecutive skew superelevations, concerning cases of entering and exiting a simple, low-length curve. The outcomes are classified in order to evaluate their variability as affected by each parameter change (speed, geometry, vehicle). Simulation results are compared with thresholds, as provided in the international literature, to ensure driver comfort and a high level of road safety.

Formation and Electrochemical Properties of the Hydrophobic Composite Coatings on Aluminum Alloy

2018 ◽  
Vol 386 ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
Vladimir S. Egorkin ◽  
Igor E. Vyaliy ◽  
Nikolay S. Sviridov ◽  
Alexander N. Minaev ◽  
Sergey L. Sinebryukhov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Base Layer ◽  
Layer Composite ◽  
Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic ◽  
High Level

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of 5754 aluminum alloy in a tartrate electrolyte was carried out to form a base layer. Composite fluoropolymer coatings were obtained on the base layers in two ways allowing the formation of two different types of morphological structure: a continuous polymer film and a multimodal islet relief. The resulted coatings exhibit substantially different wettability along with high level of barrier properties.

scholarly journals Oral Rehabilitation of Patients with Ameloblastoma of the Mandible. Clinical Results in Three Patients with Different Bone Reconstruction Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1107-1112
Author(s):  
Shiva Raoufi-Danner ◽  
Sterwin Carl ◽  
Abtahi Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Iliac Crest ◽  
Facial Asymmetry ◽  
Clinical Results ◽  
Wide Resection ◽  
Mandibular Movement ◽  
Oral Rehabilitation ◽  
Fibula Free Flap ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Level ◽  
Bone Height

Background: Ameloblastoma is the second most common odontogenic tumor. It shows a locally aggressive behavior, with a high level of recurrence. Wide resection of the jaw is recommended for treatment of ameloblastoma. However, radical surgery causes an abnormal mandibular movement, facial asymmetry, and masticatory dysfunction. Methods: Three cases of different types of ameloblastoma is presented, with different reconstruction techniques including Non-Vascularized Bone Graft (NVBG), Osteocutaneous Fibula Free Flap (OFFF), and Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery flap (DCIA). Results: In all three cases the tumor site was successfully reconstructed to obtain very good esthetic results as well as functional oral rehabilitation with implants and fixed prosthetics for optimal masticatory function. Conclusion: For reconstruction of the mandible, we prefer bone grafts from the iliac crest. The natural curvature and variable bone height offer a very good reconstruction of the defect.

scholarly journals In silico analysis of GATA4 variants demonstrates main contribution to congenital heart disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Abbasi ◽  
Neda Mohsen-Pour ◽  
Niloofar Naderi ◽  
Shahin Rahimi ◽  
Majid Maleki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Frequent Variant ◽  
High Level ◽  
Silico Analysis

Introduction: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital abnormality and the main cause of infant mortality worldwide. Some of the mutations that occur in the GATA4 gene region may result in different types of CHD. Here, we report our in silico analysis of gene variants to determine the effects of the GATA4 gene on the development of CHD. Methods: Online 1000 Genomes Project, ExAC, gnomAD, GO-ESP, TOPMed, Iranome, GME, ClinVar, and HGMD databases were drawn upon to collect information on all the reported GATA4 variations.The functional importance of the genetic variants was assessed by using SIFT, MutationTaster, CADD,PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN, and GERP prediction tools. Thereafter, network analysis of the GATA4protein via STRING, normal/mutant protein structure prediction via HOPE and I-TASSER, and phylogenetic assessment of the GATA4 sequence alignment via ClustalW were performed. Results: The most frequent variant was c.874T>C (45.58%), which was reported in Germany.Ventricular septal defect was the most frequent type of CHD. Out of all the reported variants of GATA4,38 variants were pathogenic. A high level of pathogenicity was shown for p.Gly221Arg (CADD score=31), which was further analyzed. Conclusion: The GATA4 gene plays a significant role in CHD; we, therefore, suggest that it be accorded priority in CHD genetic screening.

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