scholarly journals The Work of the Central Statistical Committee in 1917-1918

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Cherepenina ◽  
A. L. Dmitriev

The activity of state statistics throughout the revolutionary period of 1917 is uncharted territory in the history of Russian statistics. Using documents from the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the authors examined for the first time the last year of the Central Statistical Committee. Unlike other state structures of the previous government, it was not dissolved after the events of October 1917 and continued to operate after the Soviet government moved to Moscow. The article contains information on the first «Soviet» Head of the Central Statistical Committee of the Commissariat of Internal Affairs V.A. Algasov and outlines the work of Professor M.A. Sirinov, who was offered a position of the Head of the Central Statistical Committee by the People’s Commissar of Internal Affairs G.I. Petrovsky. Archive records helped establish the fact that both the authorities of the Central Statistical Committee and some statisticians came up with an idea of founding a new statistical service based on the Central Statistical Committee and gubernia (provincial) statistics. The authors revealed the role of V.V. Stepanov in relocating the Library of the Central Statistical Committee to Moscow. The article describes the clash of opinions that preceded the establishment of the Soviet state statistics, to be specific the inauguration of the RSFSR Central Statistical Board, which was envisaged to be an independent body, not subordinate to any agency, to ensure the independence of the country’s statistical service. 

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 496-509
Author(s):  
Grigory A. Moiseev

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich (the august poet K. R.) were linked by many years of friendship and creative cooperation. After the composer’s death (October 25, 1893), K. R. became involved in the process of perpetuating his memory. The posthumous dialogue was manifested in various forms: Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich’s participation in church and secular memorial ceremonies, private commemorations, and his close communication with M.I. Tchaikovsky and V.L. Davydov — the composer’s brother and nephew. In addition, K. R. reexamined his creative and epistolary communication with the composer, whose memory he would pass on to his children. These and other aspects are considered in three sections of the proposed article: 1) “Under the Sign of the Liturgy Op. 41” (this spiritual and musical work runs through the whole life of the Grand Duke); 2) “The Grand Duke and M.I. Tchaikovsky” (a key figure in the “human” aspect); 3) “K. R. Reads ‘The Life of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky’” (one of the most important findings was a copy of the book ‘The Life of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky’, which belonged to Grand Duke and bears his notes; they retrospectively reflect the process of in-depth family reading). The article is based on documentary materials from Russian and foreign collections (including the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Library of Congress, USA), many of which are introduced into scientific use for the first time. The article uses methods of comparative source studies. The materials of the article can be used in a course of the history of Russian music, as well as in a modern commented edition of the epistolary heritage and diaries of P.I. Tchaikovsky, M.I. Tchaikovsky and Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich.


2021 ◽  
pp. 193-204
Author(s):  
Natalya I. Gorlova ◽  

The article draws on extensive sources discovered by the author in the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF) to reconstruct the history of volunteering in preservation of material patrimony of Russia in the 1960–1980s under the auspices of the All-Russian Society for the Protection of Monuments of History and Culture and to investigate forms and methods of public conservation activities. The relevance of the problem is connected to the development of national volunteer movement in preservation of historical and cultural monuments, which coincided with a rise in the scholars’ interest to volunteering in general. The author has identified archival documents, many of which are being introduced into scientific use for the first time. The article reviews the composition of archival documents in the GARF fond, substantiates the possibility of integrated approach to studying of documentary materials on the history of volunteering in conservation and restoration. Documents differ in their content and quite adequately cover the multifaceted activities, forms and methods of work of voluntary activists. The first group is associated with organizational and administrative documents. The second group includes sources of reporting documentation. Office correspondence is the third group of sources. The information potential of various types of documents has been investigated. The value of these materials for studying organization and substantive aspects of voluntary public participation in the conservation activities (restoration and conservation work, identifying, photographing, assessing the condition and usage of historical and architectural monuments, patronage work, inspection, etc.) differs greatly. The author has revealed the names of participants in restoration volunteer groups and associations. The article takes on a special meaning in the context of development and replication of public activities in the field of preservation of material patrimony, while taking into account the historical experience.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1217-1228
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Madzharov ◽  

The article analyses the scientific works of Afanasy Prokopievich Shchapov (3.10.1831-25.02.1876) and his contribution to the national scholarship of the 1850s. Despite extensive literature on the issue, its source studies aspect remains untouched upon. For instance, documents of the file “On professor A. P. Shchapov in the State Archive of the Russian Federation” (1861– 64) were used selectively, out of the context, without analyzing the source features. The source-based approach involves, in addition to using the document in research, studying the collection as a whole. Taking into account the interdependence of documents in the file, the departmental and specific context of their origin expands the possibilities of establishing the degree of the source reliability. The article is to analyze the representativeness of the documents "On professor A. P. Shchapov in the State Archive of the Russian Federation" (1861–64).” It is based on studying the origin and content of the collection, its structure, internal connections and on comparison of individual documents and the “package.” The study has showed that the “file” as a “part of the past” objectively reflects content, forms, and methods of work of the ministries and departments, the role of the emperor in the decision-making. The materials of the dossier are the carriers of genuine clerical paraphernalia, facts of real activities of the departments, and plans of the Democrats in the 1860s. The social function of the “head” department, its ideological dominant determines the composition of the file. It includes sources of personal provenance, historical research of the scientist, and record management materials. They contain data on the life of the historian from February 1861 to March 1864. Each department aimed to obtain objective information, used document forms endorsed by personal signature of the minister. The materials are linked chronologically and thematically. The bureaucratic interest in accurate information and the inter-document context, as well as the direct comparison of documents testify to their reliability. The file of professor Shchapov, due to the specifics of the “ministerial” selection of documents, could not capture the history of Shchapov’s life and work in Kazan and St. Petersburg in 1861–64 in its entirety, but it preserved some unique elements of his biography.


Author(s):  
Е.В. Дроботушенко

В статье анализируется практически не изученная страница истории Читинской области (Восточное Забайкалье) — история буддизма в начале девятого десятилетия XX века. Цель исследования заключается в выявлении характерных черт и особенностей существования буддизма в Читинской области в рассматриваемое время. Автор отмечает, что на сегодняшний день отсутствуют какие-либо публикации по проблематике, что предопределило использование архивных источников — документов Государственного архива Российской Федерации. Это, главным образом, делопроизводственные документы, отчеты уполномоченных Совета по делам религий при Совете Министров СССР по Читинской области, информационные сообщения, переписки. На основе анализа различных источников делается вывод, что буддизм в Читинской области в начале 1980-х годов развивался, а в сравнении с иными религиозными учениями, развивался достаточно успешно. Основная масса верующих была сосредоточена на территории Агинского Бурятского автономного округа Читинской области. Действовал буддистский монастырь — Агинский дацан, который являлся единственной действующей культовой постройкой буддистов в Восточном Забайкалье. Активно велись постоянные службы, на праздничных службах (хуралах) присутствовали сотни верующих. Значительными были доходы Агинского дацана. Основные поступления шли от исполнения обрядов, однако немалыми были пожертвования верующих. Уполномоченный Совета по делам религий при Совете Министров СССР по Читинской области А. И. Бородин в документах пытался показать, что верующие — это в основном люди пожилого возраста, что автору статьи представляется не совсем верным. В среде священнослужителей Агинского дацана существовали противоречия, предопределенные субъективной составляющей. Очевидным видится необходимость продолжения работы по изучению истории буддизма в Восточном Забайкалье в советское время. The article analyzes a previously uninvestigated page of Chita history, namely the history of the spread of Buddhism in the Chita Region (East Zabaykalye) in the early 1980s. The aim of the research is to investigate the characteristics of Buddhism in the Chita Region, its spread and adaptation during the aforementioned period. The author underlines an appalling scarcity of published materials on the issue, which necessitated the use of documents of the State Archive of the Russian Federation. The corpus of analyzed archival documents is mainly constituted of official documents, reports issued by the representatives of the Council for Religious Affairs of the USSR in the Chita Region, information reports, and letters. The analysis of various sources enables the author to conclude that in the early 1980s Buddhism, unlike other religions, experienced little oppression. The majority of believers lived in the Agin-Buryat Autonomous District of the Chita Region. There was a Buddhist monastery, Aginsky Datsan, which was the only functioning Buddhist monastery in the East Zabaykalye. There were regular religious services (khurals) that were attended by hundreds of believers who donated quite large sums of money. Vast amounts of money were received as a compensation for ritual services. A. I. Borodin, a representative of the Council for Religious Affairs of the USSR in the Chita Region, attempted to show in his reports that believers were primarily elderly people, a statement the author of the article is rather skeptical of. Buddhist priests expressed some contradictory views on certain issues. The author of the article believes that it is necessary to continue investigating the history of Buddhism in East Zabaykalye during the Soviet era.


2020 ◽  
pp. 1083-1094
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Nepomnyashchy ◽  

The article analyses the history of creation of the Faculty of Oriental Studies at the M.V. Frunze Crimea University. On the basis of previously unknown documents from the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF), the author studies the organization of training of personnel for work in state structures of the Crimean autonomy for the first time in the national historiography. Documentary materials from the GARF fonds of the People's Commissariat of Nationalities (Narkomnats RSFSR), the agencies of Narkomnats in contractual and autonomous republics and their agency at the Narkomnats, and the General Department of Professional Education (Profobr) of the People's Commissariat for Education of RSFSR confirm that the ideas of creating a Scientific Oriental (Tatar) Center at the Taurida University were emerging ever since the opening days of the first Crimean university. The opening the Oriental Center within the Crimean University was made possible after the establishment of the Soviet power in 1922, thanks to energetic efforts of professors M. Gredinger and A. Derevitsky. The curricula and job description schedule of the faculty makes it possible to establish that there were two departments at the Faculty of Oriental Studies: linguistic (for training teachers of the Crimean Tatar and Persian languages) and administrative (for training of state administration officials for the institutions of the Crimean ASSR). The documents throw light on the role of M. Frunze in the faculty foundation: his letter addressed to the Commissar of Enlightenment A. Lunacharsky is cited, where he justified the necessity of opening an Oriental Center in the Crimea. M. V. Frunze persistently insisted on financing of the Faculty of Oriental Studies of the Crimean University. He also argued that the training of such specialists was an important component in state’s strategic goals. Despite all prerequisites for further productive work, the Center of Oriental Studies in the Crimea went nowhere.


2021 ◽  
pp. 154-187
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Nepomnyashchiy ◽  
◽  

This article presents the biography of the prominent ascetic of the study of the oriental monuments of the Crimea Osman Akchokrakly (1879–1938), compiled on the basis of documents from the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the epistolary heritage of the Crimean scholars. The author restored contacts of this scientist with A. Bertier de la Garde and V. Smirnov –they are prominent figures of the historical Crimean studies. The study contains the complete texts of unique documents – «Curriculum vitae» by O. Akchokrakly, which was presented when joining the university, and a letter of recommendation from Professor Bekir Choban-zade. The role of the researcher in the large-scale scientific expedition in Solkhat (Stary Krym) held in 1925-1926 is also noted. Finally, participation of O. Akchokrakly in the work of the Tauride Society of History, Archeology and Ethnography, All-Union Conferences of Archaeologists of the USSR, All-Union and All-Ukrainian Scientific Associations of Orientalists is revealed.


Author(s):  
Piotr Głuszkowski ◽  

The Polish-Soviet War of 1920 is a key period to understanding the history of Poland as well as Polish-Russian relationships. Despite the amount of research on the topic, there are still many gaps to be filled. One of them is the attitudes and behaviour of Russian officers in war conditions. The main source for this article is Viktor Savinkov’s memoirs written in 1927 and kept in the State Archive of the Russian Federation. Viktor Viktorovich Savinkov (1886–1954) was a Russian publicist, writer, and artist; younger brother of Boris Savinkov, a famous writer and revolutionist. During the Russian Civil War, he was a soldier of the Don Army. In early 1920, he was captured by the Bolsheviks and offered to join the Red Army. The article characterises the way Savinkov was concealing his socio-political views, expressing his attitudes towards new authorities, and how he managed to desert during the Polish-Soviet war. The conditions of the offensive of the Red Army on Warsaw are also described in the memoirs, including the sentiments and behaviour of the soldiers. Savinkov’s memoirs make it possible to study the behaviour of other officers and soldiers of the former Russian army, who had been forced to serve in the Red Army.


Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 130-142
Author(s):  
A. V. Kornev

The paper is devoted to the role of the history of political and legal ideas in state construction, science and education. In this aspect, the problems related to amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation initiated by the President of the Russian Federation are considered. According to the author, these initiatives are a logical continuation of the planned changes in the political system, the mechanism (apparatus) of the state, the system of local self-government, contained in the most general form in the annual address of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly. Such an early date for the address, the subsequent submission of the draft Federal Law to the State Duma without delay, and the work on implementing the provisions contained in it, leave no doubt that there is some strategy for Russia’s political development in the near future. In this regard, an assessment of the political situation in modern Russia is given and suggestions are made regarding the further evolution of the institutions of society and the state. The dialectical relationship between the national development model and its ideological justification is argued. The author emphasizes the special role of ideas in the history of Russian statehood. In addition, the paper reflects the assessment of the history of political and legal doctrines in the system of social sciences and legal education in the Soviet and post-Soviet period. There is evidence of the need to increase the role of theoretical and historical disciplines in the context of modern "hybrid" war and the strengthening of global competition for major geopolitical projects. The idea of reorienting Russian legal education from the study of legislation, which is changing so quickly that it does not actually take the form of knowledge, to the study of law in all its manifestations as a universal regulator of public relations.


Author(s):  
Bella Shapiro

This article introduced into the scientific discourse a previously unknown document from the personal fund of the Emperor Nicholas II stored in the State Archive of the Russian Federation. The document, dedicated to manufacturing of the imperial uniform, is interpreted via examining the sources of personal origin — diaries and memoirs of the last Russian emperor and his immediate circle, authentic uniforms of the Emperor Nicholas II from Moscow and St. Petersburg museums, as well as photographic documents from the Central State Archive of Cinema, Photography, and Audio Documents of St. Petersburg. Methodological framework is based on the chronologically problematic method. In the focus of research is the dynamics of prewar events that cover June – August 1914. Emphasis is also placed on the military representative events of foreign policy nature: parades held during the arrival of the King of Saxony Frederick Augustus III to Russia, as well as the visit of French President Raymond Poincaré. The acquired materials can be valuable for in-depth research on the military history of Russia, history of Russian culture as a whole, history of its tangible culture and costume history. Another area of possible practical implementation is the research work on studying the Russian military uniform in the museum, aimed at fulfillment of its historical-cultural potential and historical uniqueness.


Author(s):  
Andrey A. Chernushkin ◽  

This article provides a brief overview of several documents on the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878, which are stored in the State Archive of the Russian Federation. The information contained in these materials allows a more balanced and detailed discussion of the role of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, in the cultural and historical memory of Russia.


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