Radiological protection. Medical electron accelerators. Requirements and recommendations for shielding design and evaluation

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Electron Accelerators ◽  
Shielding Design

scholarly journals Radiological Protection Policy Aspects concerning the Design and Operation Modus of Medium Energy ( 25 MeV, = 1 kA) Electron Accelerators Facilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
B. Spyropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
High Current ◽  
Medium Energy ◽  
Major Research ◽  
Protection Policy ◽  
Electron Accelerators ◽  
Race Track ◽  
Hazard Sources ◽  
Research Facilities

Radiation Protection in major research-facilities includes several aspects concerning their planning, the hazard-sources, the environmental protection and the general safety. The present paper includes a concise presentation of the approach to the radiation protection policies proposed for the Athens Race Track Microtron (250 MeV, 550 mA) and the Heraclion Modified Betatron Accelerator (25 MeV, 1 kA).

Methods of Radiological Protection Control for Electron Accelerators with Regard for Activity Mode

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-260
Author(s):  
L. V. Vladimirov ◽  
D. M. Zashchirinskii ◽  
O. S. Sidorov
Keyword(s):  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Electron Accelerators ◽  
Activity Mode

scholarly journals Constructional requirements and classification of nucleonic gauges

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana D'Arc Ramos Lopes Gomes ◽  
Mara Lucia De Lara Costa ◽  
Rogério Dos Santos Gomes ◽  
Evaldo Luiz Correa Da Costa ◽  
Zieli Dutra Thomé Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Standards ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Additional Parameter ◽  
Monte Carlo Code ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Operational Life ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Shielding Design

There are several hundred of nucleonic gauges installed in at least 500 industrial facilities in Brazil. In recent years, several standards have been issued by different international committees in order to specify requirements for the design of nucleonic gauges taking into account issues related to radiological protection. The aspects of design and manufacturing of these devices using radioactive sources should be treated as an important feature to an adequate safety approach during the whole operational life, mainly taking into account the extreme conditions of the places where the devices are installed. Thus, the agreement with these standards should be included as part of the equipment specification to the licensing process, however, most nucleonic gauges were installed in the period prior to the issuance of these international standards. In this work was studied the performance of shielding design taking into account international standards concerning the constructional requirements and classification of gauges. In view of the specific operational conditions found at reference facilities, the measurements obtained will be used for validation of a Monte Carlo code based on GEANT4 to allow extrapolations for other operational conditions. The results obtained in this study can enable the establishment of a safety indicator tool to industrial facilities, taking into account different designs, so that this additional parameter can be used to determine and to optimize the frequency of regulatory inspections.

Determination of natural radionuclides in waste generated in the potable water treatment plants of the Zona da Mata of the state of Pernambuco- Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Muniz De Almeida Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
The United States ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Potable Water Treatment

The water purification procedure aims to obtain a product appropriate for human consumption, minimizing the presence of contaminants and toxic substances present in the water. Among these contaminants, some radionuclides of natural origin, such as uranium, thorium and their descendants, have been identified. Studies have shown that the stages of purification are quite effective in removing the radionuclides contained in water. The removal is due to co-precipitation of the radionuclides with the suspended materials and the precipitated material is accumulated and characterized as a Technologically Concentrated Natural Occurrence Radioactive Material (TENORM) by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). This residue can present significant levels of radioactivity and, when discarded in the environment without any treatment, can generate a problem of environmental impact and a risk to the health of the population. In this way, some gamma emitters of the series of U, Th and the K-40 were determined in the residues generated at the Potable Water Treatment Plants – PWTPs in six municipalities of Pernambuco. The results obtain corroborate the classification of the residues generated in the PWTPs as concentrators of the radioactive components contained in the water supplied to the system and reinforce the need for the release to the environment, which is the usual way of disposal of this waste, to be carried out only after considering the radiological protection standards established.

Requesting physicians’ knowledge of X-radiation exposure from computed tomography scan examinations: A case study of two Nigerian tertiary hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Samson O. Paulinus ◽  
Benjamin E. Udoh ◽  
Bassey E. Archibong ◽  
Akpama E. Egong ◽  
Akwa E. Erim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Medical Exposure

Objective: Physicians who often request for computed tomography (CT) scan examinations are expected to have sound knowledge of radiation exposure (risks) to patients in line with the basic radiation protection principles according to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the Protection of Persons Undergoing Medical Exposure or Treatment (POPUMET), and the Ionizing Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations (IR(ME)R). The aim is to assess the level of requesting physicians’ knowledge of ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations in two Nigerian tertiary hospitals. Materials and Methods: An 18-item-based questionnaire was distributed to 141 practicing medical doctors, excluding radiologists with work experience from 0 to >16 years in two major teaching hospitals in Nigeria with a return rate of 69%, using a voluntary sampling technique. Results: The results showed that 25% of the respondents identified CT thorax, abdomen, and pelvis examination as having the highest radiation risk, while 22% said that it was a conventional chest X-ray. Furthermore, 14% concluded that CT head had the highest risk while 9% gave their answer to be conventional abdominal X-ray. In addition, 17% inferred that magnetic resonance imaging had the highest radiation risk while 11% had no idea. Furthermore, 25.5% of the respondents have had training on ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations while 74.5% had no training. Majority (90%) of the respondents were not aware of the ICRP guidelines for requesting investigations with very little (<3%) or no knowledge (0%) on the POPUMET and the IR(ME)R respectively. Conclusion: There is low level of knowledge of ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations among requesting physicians in the study locations.

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