Bio-Koffein-Riegel vor dem Zeitfahren ­verbessern die Leistung und senken das ­Beanspruchungsempfinden

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Constant Intensity ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Perception Of Effort ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Single Blind

The intake of caffeine from tablets, coffee and energy drinks has shown to benefit endurance performance, whereas the effect of caffeine bars has not been investigated yet. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine endurance performance, metabolism and perceived exertion following the co-ingestion of caffeine and carbohydrates in the form of bars. Using a randomized single-blind cross-over placebo-controlled design, nine male, trained cyclists completed endurance exercises on a cycling ergometer under the following conditions: ingestion of water (H2O), placebo bars (PLA) and caffeine bars (CAF; 5 mg caffeine/kg bodyweight), respectively, 45 min prior to the test. After 40 min at a constant intensity of 75% VO2max, which was assessed in a previously performed incremental test with spirometry, load was increased 10 W/min until exhaustion. In comparison to PLA and H2O, the intake of CAF resulted in a higher maximal power and longer time to exhaustion (p=0.002). Surprisingly, concentration of free fatty acids was lower at exhaustion (p=0.004), whereas blood lactate levels (p=0.021) and heart rate (p=0.008) were significantly higher after CAF. Furhermore, subjects reported lower received perception of effort at warm-up (0.034), 30 min (p=0.026) and 40 min (p=0.041) only when they ingested CAF previously. Caffeine bars have been proven as useful pre-exercise supplements, which induce temporary performance benefits. The underlying mechanism was a delayed perception of fatigue rather than an increased lipolysis.

scholarly journals The Effect of Static and Dynamic Stretching during Warm-Up on Running Economy and Perception of Effort in Recreational Endurance Runners

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8386
Author(s):  
Emanuela Faelli ◽  
Marco Panascì ◽  
Vittoria Ferrando ◽  
Ambra Bisio ◽  
Luca Filipas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Perception Of Effort ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Endurance Runners

This randomized crossover counterbalanced study investigated, in recreational runners, the acute effects of pre-exercise stretching on physiological and metabolic responses, endurance performance, and perception of effort. Eight male endurance runners (age 36 ± 11 years) performed three running-until-exhaustion tests, preceded by three warm-ups, including the following different stretching protocols: static (SS), dynamic (DS), and no-stretching (NS). During the SS and DS sessions, the warm-up consisted of 10 min of running plus 5 min of SS or DS, respectively, while during the NS session, the warm-up consisted of 15 min of running. Physiological and metabolic responses, and endurance running performance parameters, were evaluated. The perception of effort was derived from the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Running economy significantly improved after SS (p < 0.05) and DS (p < 0.01), and RPE values were significantly lower in SS (p < 0.05) and DS (p < 0.01), compared to NS. No differences in physiological and metabolic responses among the sessions were found. This study showed that including SS and DS within the warm-up ameliorated running economy and decreased the perception of effort during a running-until-exhaustion test, highlighting the benefits of stretching on endurance performance. These results should encourage recreational runners to insert stretching during warm-up, to optimize the running energy costs, reducing the perception of effort and making the training sessions more enjoyable.

Chocolate Milk as a Post-Exercise Recovery Aid

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Karp ◽  
Jeanne D. Johnston ◽  
Sandra Tecklenburg ◽  
Timothy D. Mickleborough ◽  
Alyce D. Fly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Fluid Replacement ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Chocolate Milk ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery ◽  
Single Blind

Nine male, endurance-trained cyclists performed an interval workout followed by 4 h of recovery, and a subsequent endurance trial to exhaustion at 70% VO2max, on three separate days. Immediately following the first exercise bout and 2 h of recovery, subjects drank isovolumic amounts of chocolate milk, fluid replacement drink (FR), or carbohydrate replacement drink (CR), in a single-blind, randomized design. Carbohydrate content was equivalent for chocolate milk and CR. Time to exhaustion (TTE), average heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and total work (WT) for the endurance exercise were compared between trials. TTE and WT were significantly greater for chocolate milk and FR trials compared to CR trial. The results of this study suggest that chocolate milk is an effective recovery aid between two exhausting exercise bouts.

Perception of Effort during Constant Work to Self-Imposed Exhaustion

1979 ◽  
Vol 48 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1111-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Horstman ◽  
William P. Morgan ◽  
Allen Cymerman ◽  
James Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Work Time ◽  
A Value ◽  
Perception Of Effort ◽  
Ventilatory Parameters ◽  
Effort Sense ◽  
High Work

The purpose of this study was to describe the pattern of change in effort sense and the value of this pattern in predicting work end-point at relatively high work intensity (80% V̇O2 max). The patterns of change of various physiological functions were also observed. Two modes of work (walking and running) were compared to ascertain generalizability of results. 26 healthy male volunteers served as subjects. Time to exhaustion (ET) did not differ between walking and running. As work continued during both tasks, significant increases of V̇E, V̇E/V̇O2, V̇E/V̇CO2 and HR and a significant decrease of ET were observed; while V̇O2 and R remained fairly constant. V̇O2 and V̇E during the run were about 5% greater than during the walk; there were no differences in other measures. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) from the Borg Scale were identical for both conditions, increasing in a near linear fashion from a value of 12.9 at 25% of total work time to 18.9 at exhaustion. Ratings obtained at 25 and 50% ET were extrapolated to time of exhaustion; the point of intercept corresponded to ratings of perceived exertion for maximal work. At exhaustion, subjects rated perception of respiratory exertion for the walk as less than that for the run; perception of leg exertion was not different for the two conditions. Plasma lactate, epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations following exercise did not differ between the two conditions. The findings for the walking experiment were essentially replicated in a second investigation involving another 28 subjects. It is concluded that, with the exception of V̇O2 and some ventilatory parameters, walking and running ar the same relative work intensity resulted in comparable perceptual and physiological responses. Psychophysical judgments made early during work were reasonably accurate predictors of exhaustion time.

The Effects of Preexercise Caffeinated Coffee Ingestion on Endurance Performance: An Evidence-Based Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Higgins ◽  
Chad R. Straight ◽  
Richard D. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Ergogenic Aid ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Usable Information ◽  
Caffeinated Coffee

Endurance athletes commonly ingest caffeine as a means to enhance training intensity and competitive performance. A widely-used source of caffeine is coffee, however conflicting evidence exists regarding the efficacy of coffee in improving endurance performance. In this context, the aims of this evidence-based review were threefold: 1) to evaluate the effects of preexercise coffee on endurance performance, 2) to evaluate the effects of coffee on perceived exertion during endurance performance, and 3) to translate the research into usable information for athletes to make an informed decision regarding the intake of caffeine via coffee as a potential ergogenic aid. Searches of three major databases were performed using terms caffeine and coffee, or coffee-caffeine, and endurance, or aerobic. Included studies (n = 9) evaluated the effects of caffeinated coffee on human subjects, provided the caffeine dose administered, administered caffeine ≥ 45 min before testing, and included a measure of endurance performance (e.g., time trial). Significant improvements in endurance performance were observed in five of nine studies, which were on average 24.2% over controls for time to exhaustion trials, and 3.1% for time to completion trials. Three of six studies found that coffee reduced perceived exertion during performance measures significantly more than control conditions (p < .05). Based on the reviewed studies there is moderate evidence supporting the use of coffee as an ergogenic aid to improve performance in endurance cycling and running. Coffee providing 3–8.1 mg/kg (1.36–3.68 mg/lb) of caffeine may be used as a safe alternative to anhydrous caffeine to improve endurance performance.

Effect of Supplementation With Ecklonia cava Polyphenol on Endurance Performance of College Students

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Keun Oh ◽  
Young-Oh Shin ◽  
Jin-Ho Yoon ◽  
Seong Ho Kim ◽  
Hyeon-Cheol Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Ecklonia Cava ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Intense Exercise ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lactate Levels

Ecklonia cava polyphenol (ECP) is a potent antioxidant and procirculatory agent that may contribute to improvement of endurance performance during highly intense exercise. This study evaluated the acute effect of an ECP-supplemented drink against a placebo on maximum endurance capacity and related physiological parameters. Twenty men 18–23 yr old volunteered as participants. Each performed 2 randomized trials with a 1-week interval between them. One trial was with ECP and the other with a placebo drink. Participants in this randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design ingested either a placebo or ECP drink 30 min before each exercise trial. Time to exhaustion, VO2max, and postexercise blood glucose and lactate levels were evaluated. ECP supplementation increased time to exhaustion (2.39 min) compared with placebo. This result was accompanied by a 6.5% higher mean VO2max in the ECP group, although the difference was not statistically significant. The blood glucose level in the ECP group at 3 min after exhaustive exercise was significantly higher than that of the placebo group (+ 9.9%). The postexercise blood lactate levels in the ECP group showed a decreasing trend compared with placebo, but it was nonsignificant. This study was not able to determine any physiological mechanisms behind the improved endurance performance, but, based on these results, it is speculated that the ECP supplementation may have contributed to enhanced oxidation of glucose and less production of lactate during intense exercise, possibly by its free-radical-scavenging and procirculatory activities. However, careful verification is required to elucidate the correct mechanism.

Influence of Carbohydrate Ingestion on Blood Glucose and Performance in Runners

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall L. Wilber ◽  
Robert J. Moffatt
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion

Ten trained male runners performed a treadmill exercise test at 80%under two experimental conditions, carbohydrate (CHO, 7% carbohydrate) and placebo (P), to determine the effect of carbohydrate ingestion on endurance performance (treadmill run time), blood glucose concentration, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and subjective ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). Treatment order was randomized and counterbalanced and test solutions were administered double-blind. Ingestion took place 5 min preexercise (250 ml) and at 15-min intervals during exercise (125 ml). Performance was enhanced by 29.4% (p~ 0.05) during CHO (115 ±25 min) compared to P (92 ± 27 min). Blood glucose concentration was significantly greater during CHO (5.6 ± 0.9 mM) relative to P (5.0 ±0.7 mM). There was a significant increase in mean RER following CHO ingestion (.94±.01) compared to P (.90±.01). Average RPE was significantly less during CHO (14.5±2.3) relative to P (15.4±2.4). These data suggest that time to exhaustion of high-intensity treadmill exercise is delayed as a result of carbohydrate ingestion and that this effect is mediated by favorable alterations in blood glucose concentration and substrate utilization.

Efficacy of Cold Water Immersion Prior to Endurance Cycling or Running to Increase Performance: A Critically Appraised Topic

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Connor A. Burton ◽  
Christine A. Lauber
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Endurance Cycling

Clinical Question: Is there evidence to support precooling with cold water immersion prior to endurance cycling and running in hot, humid environments to enhance performance? Clinical Bottom Line: There is moderate evidence suggesting cold water immersion (CWI) as a precooling intervention improves endurance performance in cyclists and runners in a hot, humid environment. All five included studies reported significant improvements in endurance performance regarding time to exhaustion or distance traveled. In all included studies, core temperature was significantly decreased in the CWI group versus the control group during the fifth and twentieth minutes of exercise. No significant differences were reported for the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) between the CWI and control groups.

Critical skating intensity on a slide board: physiological and neuromuscular responses and correlation with performance on ice

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Tatiane Piucco ◽  
Julia Phillips ◽  
Jordan Finnie ◽  
Andrew Rados ◽  
Ricardo Dantas de Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Incremental Test ◽  
Neuromuscular Responses ◽  
And Training

The aim of this study was to assess the physiological and neuromuscular responses at critical skating intensity on a slide board and to investigate the correlations between critical cadence (CC) and skating performances on ice. Thirteen well-trained speed skaters (age,19.8 ± 4.2 years; weight, 69.6 ± 9.06 kg) performed a maximal skating incremental test (IT) on a slide board. CC was determined from 3 to 4 trials to exhaustion lasting from 3.1 ± 0.7 to 13.9 ± 3.1 min, using linear and hyperbolic mathematical fittings. A time to exhaustion test at CC (TTE-CC) was performed. CC values (55.3 ± 5.0 ppm) were significantly higher than cadence at the respiratory compensation point (RCP) (53.5 ± 4.0 ppm). Mean duration of TTE-CC was 22.9 ± 4.8 min. Peak values of oxygen uptake, heart rate (HR), ventilation, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during TTE-CC were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than the peak values reached during the IT. Oxygen uptake, HR, ventilation, RER, and RPE significantly increased from 25% to 100% of TTE-CC. Muscle activity (integrated electromyography) significantly increased after 75% of TTE-CC for vastus lateralis and gluteus maximus muscles. Oxygen uptake at CC was better associated to skating performance on 500, 1000, 1500, and 5000 m than peak oxygen uptake at IT and oxygen uptake at RCP. Physiological responses indicate that critical skating intensity on slide board occurred within the heavy exercise domain where oxygen uptake increases but does not reach its maximum. Critical cadence could be used as a better indicator of performance and training prescription for long track speed skating distances.

Improvement of Sprint Performance in Wheelchair Sportsmen With Caffeine Supplementation

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri S. Graham-Paulson ◽  
Claudio Perret ◽  
Phil Watson ◽  
Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Upper Body Exercise ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Wheelchair Rugby ◽  
Secretion Rates

Purpose:Caffeine can be beneficial during endurance and repeated-sprint exercise in able-bodied individuals performing leg or wholebody exercise. However, little evidence exists regarding its effects during upper-body exercise. This study therefore aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine on sprint (SPR) and 4-min maximal-push (PUSH) performance in wheelchair sportsmen.Methods:Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, 12 male wheelchair rugby players (age 30.0 ± 7.7 y, body mass 69.6 ± 15.3 kg, training 11.1 ± 3.5 h/wk) completed 2 exercise trials, separated by 7–14 d, 70 min after ingestion of 4 mg/kg caffeine (CAF) or dextrose placebo (PLA). Each trial consisted of four 4-min PUSHes and 3 sets of 3 × 20-m SPRs, each separated by 4 min rest. Participants responded to the Felt Arousal (a measure of perceived arousal), Feeling (a measure of the affective dimension of pleasure/displeasure), and rating-of-perceived-exertion (RPE) scales. Salivary caffeine secretion rates were measured.Results:Average SPR times were faster during CAF than PLA during SPR 1 and SPR 2 (P = .037 and .016). There was no influence of supplementation on PUSHes 2–4 (P > .099); however, participants pushed significantly farther during PUSH 1 after CAF than after PLA (mean ± SD 677 ± 107 and 653 ± 118 m, P = .047). There was no influence of CAF on arousal or RPE scores (P > .132). Feeling scores improved over the course of the CAF trial only (P = .017) but did not significantly differ between trials (P > .167). Pre-warm-up (45 min postingestion) salivary CAF secretion rates were 1.05 ± 0.94 and 0.08 ± 0.05 μg/min for CAF and PLA, respectively.Conclusion:Acute CAF supplementation can improve both 20-m-sprint performance and a 1-off bout of short-term endurance performance in wheelchair sportsmen.

scholarly journals Mental fatigue impairs physical performance in humans

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 857-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuele M. Marcora ◽  
Walter Staiano ◽  
Victoria Manning
Keyword(s):  
Physical Performance ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Perception Of Effort ◽  
Physical Task ◽  
The Impact

Mental fatigue is a psychobiological state caused by prolonged periods of demanding cognitive activity. Although the impact of mental fatigue on cognitive and skilled performance is well known, its effect on physical performance has not been thoroughly investigated. In this randomized crossover study, 16 subjects cycled to exhaustion at 80% of their peak power output after 90 min of a demanding cognitive task (mental fatigue) or 90 min of watching emotionally neutral documentaries (control). After experimental treatment, a mood questionnaire revealed a state of mental fatigue ( P = 0.005) that significantly reduced time to exhaustion (640 ± 316 s) compared with the control condition (754 ± 339 s) ( P = 0.003). This negative effect was not mediated by cardiorespiratory and musculoenergetic factors as physiological responses to intense exercise remained largely unaffected. Self-reported success and intrinsic motivation related to the physical task were also unaffected by prior cognitive activity. However, mentally fatigued subjects rated perception of effort during exercise to be significantly higher compared with the control condition ( P = 0.007). As ratings of perceived exertion increased similarly over time in both conditions ( P < 0.001), mentally fatigued subjects reached their maximal level of perceived exertion and disengaged from the physical task earlier than in the control condition. In conclusion, our study provides experimental evidence that mental fatigue limits exercise tolerance in humans through higher perception of effort rather than cardiorespiratory and musculoenergetic mechanisms. Future research in this area should investigate the common neurocognitive resources shared by physical and mental activity.

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