scholarly journals Inventaire préliminaire des ennemis naturels de Pseudococcus viburni (Hemiptera, Pseudococcidae)

2005 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-164
Author(s):  
Philippe Kreiter ◽  
Gérard Delvare ◽  
Ludovic Giuge ◽  
Marcel Thaon ◽  
Maxime Viaut
Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4894 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-520
Author(s):  
VITOR C. PACHECO DA SILVA ◽  
MEHMET BORA KAYDAN ◽  
CESAR BASSO

Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) are important pests in fruit production in Uruguay; however, very little is known about the species involved. A survey of mealybugs associated especially with fruit crops (apple, citrus, figs, grapes, pears, quince and strawberry), and other crops like vegetables and sugar cane, ornamentals and weeds was performed between 2017 and 2019 in Uruguay, using integrated taxonomy (morphology and DNA analyses) for their identification. A total of 19 mealybug species were identified. The most common species were Planococcus ficus (Signoret), Pseudococcus scatoterrae Granara de Willink and Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) on fruits, and Phenacoccus madeirensis Green, Phenacoccus peruvianus Granara de Willink and Planococcus citri (Risso) on ornamental plants, all of them causing damage to their hosts. This study presents nine new species records for Uruguay, besides the description of two new species. An identification key to the mealybugs in Uruguay is provided. 


2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita C. G. Correa ◽  
Eric Lombaert ◽  
Thibaut Malausa ◽  
Didier Crochard ◽  
Andrés Alvear ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle M. Vea ◽  
Andrés G. de la Filia ◽  
Kamil S. Jaron ◽  
Andrew Joseph Mongue ◽  
Fransico J. Ruiz-Ruano ◽  
...  

Meiosis, the key process underlying sexual reproduction, is generally a fair process: each chromosome has a 50% chance of being included into each gamete. However in some organisms meiosis has become highly aberrant with some chromosomes having a higher chance of making it into gametes than others. Yet why and how such systems evolve remains unclear. Here we study the unusual reproductive genetics of mealybugs, in which only maternal-origin chromosomes are included into the gametes during male meiosis, while paternally-derived chromosomes degrade. This whole genome meiotic drive occurs in all males and is evolutionarily conserved. However one species - the obscure mealybug Pseudococcus viburni - has a segregating B chromosome that increases in frequency by escaping paternal genome elimination. Here we present whole-genome and gene expression data from laboratory lines with and without B chromosomes. These data allow us to identify B-linked sequences including >70 protein-coding genes as well as a B-specific satellite repeat that makes up a significant proportion of the chromosome. We also used these data to investigate the evolutionary origin of the B chromosome. The few paralogs between the B and the core genome are distributed throughout the genome, showing that it is unlikely that the B originated through a simple duplication of one of the autosomes. We also find that while many of the B-linked genes do not have paralogs within the P.viburni genome, but they do show orthology with genes in other hemipteran insects suggesting that the B might have originated from fission of one of the autosomes, possibly followed by further translocations of individual genes. Finally in order to understand the mechanisms by which the B is able to escape elimination when paternally-derived we generated gene expression data for males and females with and without B chromosomes. We find that at the developmental stage when meiosis is taking place only a small number of B-linked genes show significant expression. Only one gene was significantly over-expressed during male meiosis, which is when the drive occurs: a acetyltransferase involved in H3K56Ac, which has a putative role in meiosis and is therefore a promising candidate for further studies. Together, these results form a promising foundation for studying the mechanisms of meiotic drive in a system that is uniquely suited for this approach.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian Watson

Abstract P. viburni, commonly known as obscure mealybug, is an unarmoured scale insect and a common pest in the UK, Netherlands, Australia, New Zealand, the French Riviera, Iran, California and Chile. It can affect a number of fruit and nursery plants including apples, tomatoes, orchids and cacti and cause substantial damage to fruit orchards and vineyards. The degree of polyphagy of P. viburni, combined with its numerous economically important host-plants, have meant that it began to be carried on infested plant material between countries from an early date. The species was first recorded outside South America, in France by Signoret (1875), and its subsequent spread followed the trade routes between Europe and the rest of the world; the species is still increasing its geographical range. While obscure mealybug does not spread widely by its own means, human transport of infested plant material disseminates it over long distances very effectively. It has successfully adapted to life in a variety of ecological conditions and in the higher latitudes where it cannot survive winter outdoors, it thrives in greenhouses (Schoen and Martin, 1999).


2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Bahder ◽  
M. L. Bollinger ◽  
M. R. Sudarshana ◽  
F. G. Zalom

Abstract Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are economically significant agricultural pests on many different crops. Because of their small size and lack of easily visible characters for identification, determination of their taxonomic status is difficult and requires technical competency to prepare a slide-mounted specimen. The standard mounting technique does not allow for analysis of the genome of the specimen. Conversely, preparatory techniques for genetic analysis of mealybugs cause either loss of the entire individual or physical damage that can make morphology-based identification difficult. This study describes a simple protocol that does not impact physical integrity of the specimen for fixation and microscopic examination yet enables simultaneous DNA extraction for DNA-based identification of four mealybug species. All species prepared yielded high quality slide mounts, identified as Planococcus citri Risso, Pseudococcus viburni Signoret, Rhizoecus kondonis Kuwana, or Rhizoecus californicus Ferris. DNA extracted in this manner had higher purity and yield in the final eluate than in samples extracted using standard methods. DNA extracted was successfully amplified by polymerase chain reaction using primers for the cytochrome oxidase I gene and subsequently sequenced for all specimens. This protocol is likely to be applicable to other Hemiptera taxa that are preserved by slide mounting, allowing for both the preparation of a high-quality voucher specimen for morphological identification and simultaneous analysis of DNA for the same specimen. The methods used are technically less challenging than current standard procedures.


2015 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Charles ◽  
Vaughn A. Bell ◽  
Alistair J. Hall ◽  
D. Maxwell Suckling ◽  
James T.S. Walker ◽  
...  

Zootaxa ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 964 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK P. CULIK ◽  
PENNY J. GULLAN

Three mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) plant pest species: Dysmicoccus boninsis (Kuwana), Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, and Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret), are recorded for the first time in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. This is the first record of Phenacoccus solenopsis in Brazil, where it was found infesting tomato plants. The species Antonina graminis (Maskell), a common pest of Bermuda grass, and Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell), a major pest of pineapple, also were encountered.


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