scholarly journals Sewage sludge and rice husk as potential substrate to produce Mimosa setosa seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1111-1119
Author(s):  
Julio Cezar Tannure Faria ◽  
Marcos Vinícius Winckler Caldeira ◽  
William Macedo Delarmelina ◽  
Erick Martins Nieri ◽  
Denys Santana Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

In the production of forest seedlings one of the main factors to be analyzed is the formulation of the substrate that meets the needs of the plants that will be produced. For this, the choice of substrate must consider the physical characteristics of the material, its chemical composition, as well as its availability, quality, easy handling and cost. This study aimed to investigate the potential of sewage sludge and rice husk for the production of seedlings of Mimosa setosa. The experiment was conducted in structures of a forest nursery, localized in the municipality of Alegre-ES, in 110 cm³ tubes arranged in a completely randomized design constituted by ten treatments with four replications of 54 seedlings per plot. The treatments were formulated using sewage sludge, raw rice husks and carbonized rice husk. At five months after sowing we measured plant height, root collar diameter, height/diameter ratio, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry matter, shoot to root dry weight ratio and Dickson Quality Index. The substrates formulated with carbonized rice husk promoted the best results for all morphological characteristics analyzed. The multivariate analysis showed higher correlation of treatments with carbonized rice husk (T6, T7, T8 and T9) regarding height, root collar diameter, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and total dry matter. For the production of Mimosa setosa seedlings the best responses resulted from the substrate formulated with 60% sewage sludge + 40% carbonized rice husk.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilization and HPS Supplementary Lighting Influence Vegetable Transplant Production. I. Transplant Growth

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Masson ◽  
Nicolas Tremblay ◽  
André Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Supplementary Lighting ◽  
N Rates

This experiment was initiated to determine the effects of supplementary lighting of 100 μmol·s-1·m-2 (PAR) in combination with four N rates (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg N/liter) on growth of celery (Apium graveolens L.), lettuce (Luctuca sativa L.), broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants in multicellular trays. Supplementary lighting, as compared with natural light alone, increased shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 22%, 40%, 19%, and 24%, and root dry weight by 97%, 42%, 38%, and 21%, respectively. It also increased the percentage of shoot dry matter of broccoli and tomato, leaf area of lettuce and broccoli, and root: shoot dry weight ratio (RSDWR) of celery and broccoli. Compared with 100 mg N/liter, a N rate of 400 mg·liter-1 increased the shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 37%, 38%, 61%, and 38%, respectively. High N fertilization accelerated shoot growth at the expense of root growth, except for tomato where a 16% increase of root dry weight was observed. High N also reduced percentage of shoot dry matter. Supplementary lighting appears to be a promising technique when used in combination with high N rates to improve the production of high quality transplants, particularly those sown early.

scholarly journals Seedling Growth of Tectona grandis using Different Potting Mixture

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
G. E. Omokhua ◽  
C. Fredrick ◽  
C. N. Okakpu
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

Aims: This study evaluated the influence of 11 potting media compositions on seedling growth and development of Tectona grandis. Study Design: The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design involving ten replicates. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management Nursery, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, between April 2019 and April 2020. Methodology: Ten (10) seedlings per sowing media including topsoil, topsoil and cow dung (2:1, 3:1), topsoil and poultry dung (2:1, 3:1), topsoil and pig dung (2.1, 3:1), topsoil and sawdust (2.1, 3:1), topsoil and mushroom substrate (2.1, 3:1) were selected and transplanted into polybags. Growth parameters (seedling height, root collar diameter, leaf number and biomass (shoot dry weight (SDW), root dry weight (RDW) and total dry weight (TDW)) were determined and subjected to analysis of variance. Results: Seedlings of T. grandis displayed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in height, root collar diameter, leaf number and biomass. Among treatments, tallest seedlings were observed in mixture of topsoil and poultry dung (3:1), at months 1 to 3 and in mixture of topsoil and cow dung (3:1) at months 4 and 5, highest root collar diameter was observed in mixture of topsoil and poultry dung (3:1) and highest leaf number was recorded in mixture of topsoil and poultry dung (2:1 and 3:1) and topsoil and cow dung (2:1 and 3:1) at months 1 to 5. The highest SDW was evident in mixture of topsoil and poultry dung (2:1) while highest RDW and TDW were observed in mixture of topsoil and cow dung (3:1). Lowest height, diameter, leaf number and biomass were recorded in topsoil (control) at months 1 to 5. Conclusion: The results revealed that among the tested mixtures, topsoil and poultry dung and topsoil and cow dung mixtures were the best for seedlings growth of T. grandis.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters for early growth and biomass traits of Pinus radiata D. Don under different water regimes

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Espinoza ◽  
C. R. Magni ◽  
V. Martínez ◽  
M. Ivković ◽  
W. Gapare
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

AbstractIn Chile, genetic improvement of Radiata pine has been directed towards characters such as volume, form and wood density. Estimation of genetic parameters for growth and biomass traits in young seedlings, as a tool for early indirect selection in the P. radiata breeding program, has not been explored yet. We aimed to estimate genetic parameters for growth and biomass traits. Five-month-old P. radiata seedlings grown under wellwatered (WW) and water stress (WS) regimes were evaluated. Root collar diameter, height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry weight, height/diameter ratio and root/shoot ratio were analyzed in both treatments. Trait with the highest heritability was root/shoot ratio in WW and WS regime (h2= 0.80 and 0.63 respectively). The highest genetic correlation was between height and shoot dry weight (rg= 0.90), under WW regime. In contrast, there were negative genetic correlations between root collar diameter and height/diameter ratio under WS regime. To breed for drought tolerance, traits such as height and root collar diameter would be effective targets for indirect selection since estimated heritabilities are high, there is sizable genetic variation, they are easily assessed, they can be measured non-destructively and they have a high genetic correlation with root/shoot ratio, a trait related to drought tolerance. The measurement of dry weights for early selection purposes is not recommended.

scholarly journals Morphology, Physiology, Survival, and Field Performance of Containerized Coastal Douglas Fir Seedlings Given Different Dormancy-induction Regimes

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1416-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne E. MacDonald ◽  
John N. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Dormancy Induction

The effects of different dormancy-induction regimes on first-year containerized coastal Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. menziesii] seedling morphology and physiology in the nursery, as well as seedling survival and performance after one growing season in a common garden, were investigated. In early July, three dormancy-induction regimes were applied: moderate moisture stress (MS), short day (SD), and short day with moderate moisture stress (SD+MS). In early October, seedling height, root collar diameter, and shoot dry weight were unaffected by regime, but root dry weight was reduced in seedlings from the MS and SD+MS regimes compared with the SD regime. At this time, morphogenesis was completed in all terminal buds of seedlings from both SD regimes, whereas it continued in all terminal buds of seedlings from the MS regime. Furthermore, 25% to 88% of terminal buds from the SD regimes were endodormant, but none from the MS regime were endodormant. In March, budbreak occurred at the same time in seedlings from the two SD regimes and was earlier than in seedlings from the MS regime; root growth capacity was unaffected by regime. After one growing season, there were no regime differences in seedling survival, root collar diameter, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, length of the current-year leader, or number of needles on the leader.

scholarly journals Growth of bare root Pinus taeda, L. seedlings cultivated under five densities in nursery

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
José Geraldo de Araújo Carneiro ◽  
Deborah Guerra Barroso ◽  
Luis Maurício da Silva Soares
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Pinus Taeda L ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

Seedlings compete for nutrients, water and light. The available area for each seedling affects their behavior related to requirements for these resources. This experiment evaluated the influence of five plant densities on the growth of bare root Pinus taeda, L. seedlings in a nursery after outplanting. The analyzed characteristics were: height (H), root collar diameter (D), H/D ratio, and dry matter weight. Higher densities stimulated H growth and the lowest densities increased D average and dry matter weight and lowered the H/D ratio. Seedlings were distributed by H, D and H/D classes. Higher densities had a larger number of seedlings in larger H classes. Larger numbers of seedlings with larger D and lower H/D ratios were found in lower densities. Ten months after outplanting the seedlings grown in lower densities had higher survival percentages and growth. Some saplings of standardized heights were uprooted with the objective of studying their root systems. The lowest densities stimulated higher numbers of first and second order roots as well as fresh and dry matter weights of thin roots with mycorrhizae presence. In both parts of the experiment, the density of 278 seedlings m-2 yielded equivalent averages as compared to the lowest densities.

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, or Magnesium Deficiency on Growth and Photosynthesis of Eustoma

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Tsern Chen ◽  
Ching-Lung Lee ◽  
Der-Ming Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Mg Deficiency ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Growth and photosynthetic parameters were measured in Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn. ‘Umihonoka’ grown hydroponically under nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), or magnesium (Mg) deficiency in 1/2 strength of modified Johnson’s solution. Plant height, node number, and leaf area were all reduced under N, P, K, and Ca deficiencies but not under Mg deficiency as compared with plants grown in the complete nutrient solution. Shoot and root dry weight were reduced in the N-, P-, K-, and Ca-deficient treatments, whereas root but not shoot dry weight was lowered by Mg-deficient treatment. Shoot-to-root dry weight ratio decreased under N and P deficiencies, increased under K and Mg deficiency, but was not altered under Ca deficiency. Decreased net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of N-, P-, and K-deficient leaves was all related to lower stomatal conductance (gS), whereas N-deficient leaves also accompanied by a higher intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci). The Mg-deficient treatment did not alter chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm, maximal fluorescence (Fm), or minimal fluorescence (Fo). Decreased Fv/Fm of N-, P-, K-, and Ca-deficient leaves was all related to lower Fm, whereas N- and P-deficient leaves also accompanied by lower Fo. A key was developed for the identification of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg deficiency symptoms.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity in the growth of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) provenance-progeny test: Comparing study in the nursery and field

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
DEDE J SUDRAJAT ◽  
YULIANTI YULIANTI ◽  
EVAYUSVITA RUSTAM ◽  
ICHSAN SUWANDHI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
The Family ◽  
Collar Diameter

Abstract. Sudrajat DJ, Yulianti, Danu, Rustam E, Suwandhi I. 2019. Genetic diversity in the growth of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) provenance-progeny test: Comparing study in the nursery and field. Biodiversitas 20: 1325-1332. Results of the provenance-progeny test in seedling and field test of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) at Parung Panjang, Bogor District, West Java Province, Indonesia are reported and discussed. Twelve provenances representing 105 families were tested in nursery and field using randomized complete block design. Seedling height, root collar diameter, sturdiness quotient, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and shoot-root ratio was measured at four months, while as the growth assessment was carried out on survival, height and stem diameter at the age of 2 and 4 years. The result showed that genetic variation was found to be higher among families within provenances than the variation among provenances for all parameters indicating the family effect had the highest contribution on the growth and survival. Based on family and provenance mean, most of the seedling parameters were significantly correlated with the others, but most of seedling parameters were not significantly correlated with plant growth at 2 and 4 years. The longitudinal cline was significantly correlated with shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and shoot-root ratio indicated that the white jabon seeding parameters in natural populations may have greater in humid (higher precipitation) than in drier locations. This was likely to suggest that the family or provenance selections based on seedling growth in the nursery may not be very effective because heritability of most growth variables is likely to be low.

Morphological attributes of oriental spruce [ Picea orientalis (L.) Link.] seedlings grown in peat-based media amended with natural zeolite

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-373
Author(s):  
S. Ayan ◽  
F. Tilki
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Medium Components ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Oriental Spruce

This study was designed to investigate the influence of growth media consisting of different components on the morphological attributes of oriental spruce seedlings. Eighteen different combinations of Barma peat (BP), tea residue compost (CTR), fine pumice (FP), coarse pumice (CP), perlite (P) and zeolite (Z) were prepared as growth media.The growth medium components did not significantly affect the shoot height (SH), root collar diameter (RCD), shoot:root ratio or dry root percentage (DRP) of 2-year-old seedlings. However, the root dry weight (RDW) and shoot dry weight (SDW) showed significant differences between the different growth media. The maximum SDW (3.244 g) was determined for a mixture of BP (0.5) + CTR (0.2) + CP (0.2) + Z (0.1), while a mixture of BP (0.6) + P (0.2) + Z (0.2) resulted in minimum SDW (1.593 g). In addition, the maximum RDW (1.824 g) was determined for the BP (0.5) + CTR (0.2) + CP (0.2) + Z (0.1) medium, while the BP (0.6) + CP (0.2) + Z (0.2) medium resulted in the lowest RDW (1.013 g). The addition of zeolite to the growth media increased the SDW and RDW of oriental spruce seedlings, so natural zeolite could be used as a substrate to replace pumice and perlite in nurseries in Turkey. Since Turkey has 45.8 billion tonnes of zeolite, its use in nurseries could reduce the costs significantly.

Growth responses of field-grown loblolly pine to chronic doses of ozone during multiple growing seasons

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 821-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Shafer ◽  
A. S. Heagle
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Suppression ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Ambient Levels

Dose–response relationships were developed for ozone and four full-sib families of Pinustaeda L. Seedlings were planted in field plots in open-top chambers near Raleigh, North Carolina, and exposed daily during three growing seasons (1985, 1986, and 1987) to ozone at concentrations from 0.022 to 0.092 μL/L of air (seasonal mean concentrations for the daily exposure period 08:00 to 20:00 eastern standard time). Plants were harvested on five dates during the study to quantify effects of ozone on growth. Ozone suppressed stem height, root collar diameter, total branch length, and (or) dry weights of above-ground parts of plants in three families, but response to ozone depended upon dose, family, and the plant part measured. One family exposed during 1985 and 1986 did not exhibit significant growth responses to ozone. The family that exhibited the greatest growth suppression in 1985 and 1986 was exposed during the 3rd year, and ozone continued to reduce growth. Suppression of root dry weight was observed after three seasons of exposure. Root collar diameter and dry weight of stem + branches (without needles) may be the most useful measurements of growth response in multiple-year experiments. Dose–response models predicted that ambient levels of ozone could reduce growth relative to the growth predicted for chronic exposure to half-ambient levels (charcoal-filtered air). For aboveground woody tissue, this suppression ranged from 0 to 19% among the four families after two seasons of exposure and was 13% for the most sensitive family after three seasons.

EFFETS DE LA FERTILISATION AZOTÉE SUR LA CROISSANCE DE TRANSPLANTS DE TOMATE ET DE LAITUE CULTIVÉS EN PLATEAUX MULTICELLULAIRES AVEC OU SANS ÉCLAIRAGE D’APPOINT

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN MASSON ◽  
ANDRÉ GOSSELIN ◽  
NICOLAS TREMBLAY
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio ◽  
Fertilisation Azotée

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Springset’) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ’Ithaca’) transplants were grown under natural and supplemental light (100 μmol m−2 s−1 PAR) and fertilized with four nitrogen doses (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg L−1 N). Supplemental light increased tomato shoot dry weight, shoot percent dry matter, leaf area, root dry weight, and root-to-shoot ratio. Lettuce transplants showed increased shoot and root dry weight as well as leaf area when supplemental light was present. For both species, nitrogen increased shoot dry weight and leaf area, but decreased shoot percent dry matter and root-to-shoot ratio. High nitrogen doses increased tomato and lettuce shoot dry weight and leaf area chiefly under supplemental light.Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, Lactuca sativa, pretransplanting nutritional conditioning, seedling

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