scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilization and HPS Supplementary Lighting Influence Vegetable Transplant Production. I. Transplant Growth

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Masson ◽  
Nicolas Tremblay ◽  
André Gosselin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Supplementary Lighting ◽  
N Rates

This experiment was initiated to determine the effects of supplementary lighting of 100 μmol·s-1·m-2 (PAR) in combination with four N rates (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg N/liter) on growth of celery (Apium graveolens L.), lettuce (Luctuca sativa L.), broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica L.), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transplants in multicellular trays. Supplementary lighting, as compared with natural light alone, increased shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 22%, 40%, 19%, and 24%, and root dry weight by 97%, 42%, 38%, and 21%, respectively. It also increased the percentage of shoot dry matter of broccoli and tomato, leaf area of lettuce and broccoli, and root: shoot dry weight ratio (RSDWR) of celery and broccoli. Compared with 100 mg N/liter, a N rate of 400 mg·liter-1 increased the shoot dry weight of celery, lettuce, broccoli, and tomato transplants by 37%, 38%, 61%, and 38%, respectively. High N fertilization accelerated shoot growth at the expense of root growth, except for tomato where a 16% increase of root dry weight was observed. High N also reduced percentage of shoot dry matter. Supplementary lighting appears to be a promising technique when used in combination with high N rates to improve the production of high quality transplants, particularly those sown early.

scholarly journals Sewage sludge and rice husk as potential substrate to produce Mimosa setosa seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1111-1119
Author(s):  
Julio Cezar Tannure Faria ◽  
Marcos Vinícius Winckler Caldeira ◽  
William Macedo Delarmelina ◽  
Erick Martins Nieri ◽  
Denys Santana Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

In the production of forest seedlings one of the main factors to be analyzed is the formulation of the substrate that meets the needs of the plants that will be produced. For this, the choice of substrate must consider the physical characteristics of the material, its chemical composition, as well as its availability, quality, easy handling and cost. This study aimed to investigate the potential of sewage sludge and rice husk for the production of seedlings of Mimosa setosa. The experiment was conducted in structures of a forest nursery, localized in the municipality of Alegre-ES, in 110 cm³ tubes arranged in a completely randomized design constituted by ten treatments with four replications of 54 seedlings per plot. The treatments were formulated using sewage sludge, raw rice husks and carbonized rice husk. At five months after sowing we measured plant height, root collar diameter, height/diameter ratio, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry matter, shoot to root dry weight ratio and Dickson Quality Index. The substrates formulated with carbonized rice husk promoted the best results for all morphological characteristics analyzed. The multivariate analysis showed higher correlation of treatments with carbonized rice husk (T6, T7, T8 and T9) regarding height, root collar diameter, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and total dry matter. For the production of Mimosa setosa seedlings the best responses resulted from the substrate formulated with 60% sewage sludge + 40% carbonized rice husk.

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, or Magnesium Deficiency on Growth and Photosynthesis of Eustoma

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Tsern Chen ◽  
Ching-Lung Lee ◽  
Der-Ming Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Mg Deficiency ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Growth and photosynthetic parameters were measured in Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn. ‘Umihonoka’ grown hydroponically under nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), or magnesium (Mg) deficiency in 1/2 strength of modified Johnson’s solution. Plant height, node number, and leaf area were all reduced under N, P, K, and Ca deficiencies but not under Mg deficiency as compared with plants grown in the complete nutrient solution. Shoot and root dry weight were reduced in the N-, P-, K-, and Ca-deficient treatments, whereas root but not shoot dry weight was lowered by Mg-deficient treatment. Shoot-to-root dry weight ratio decreased under N and P deficiencies, increased under K and Mg deficiency, but was not altered under Ca deficiency. Decreased net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of N-, P-, and K-deficient leaves was all related to lower stomatal conductance (gS), whereas N-deficient leaves also accompanied by a higher intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci). The Mg-deficient treatment did not alter chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm, maximal fluorescence (Fm), or minimal fluorescence (Fo). Decreased Fv/Fm of N-, P-, K-, and Ca-deficient leaves was all related to lower Fm, whereas N- and P-deficient leaves also accompanied by lower Fo. A key was developed for the identification of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg deficiency symptoms.

EFFETS DE LA FERTILISATION AZOTÉE SUR LA CROISSANCE DE TRANSPLANTS DE TOMATE ET DE LAITUE CULTIVÉS EN PLATEAUX MULTICELLULAIRES AVEC OU SANS ÉCLAIRAGE D’APPOINT

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1199-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN MASSON ◽  
ANDRÉ GOSSELIN ◽  
NICOLAS TREMBLAY
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root To Shoot Ratio ◽  
Fertilisation Azotée

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Springset’) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. ’Ithaca’) transplants were grown under natural and supplemental light (100 μmol m−2 s−1 PAR) and fertilized with four nitrogen doses (100, 200, 300, and 400 mg L−1 N). Supplemental light increased tomato shoot dry weight, shoot percent dry matter, leaf area, root dry weight, and root-to-shoot ratio. Lettuce transplants showed increased shoot and root dry weight as well as leaf area when supplemental light was present. For both species, nitrogen increased shoot dry weight and leaf area, but decreased shoot percent dry matter and root-to-shoot ratio. High nitrogen doses increased tomato and lettuce shoot dry weight and leaf area chiefly under supplemental light.Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum, Lactuca sativa, pretransplanting nutritional conditioning, seedling

scholarly journals Growth dynamics and yield of melon as influenced by nitrogen fertilizer

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Teresa Castellanos ◽  
María Jesús Cabello ◽  
María del Carmen Cartagena ◽  
Ana María Tarquis ◽  
Augusto Arce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index

Nitrogen (N) is an important nutrient for melon (Cucumis melo L.) production. However there is scanty information about the amount necessary to maintain an appropriate balance between growth and yield. Melon vegetative organs must develop sufficiently to intercept light and accumulate water and nutrients but it is also important to obtain a large reproductive-vegetative dry weight ratio to maximize the fruit yield. We evaluated the influence of different N amounts on the growth, production of dry matter and fruit yield of a melon 'Piel de sapo' type. A three-year field experiment was carried out from May to September. Melons were subjected to an irrigation depth of 100% crop evapotranspiration and to 11 N fertilization rates, ranging 11 to 393 kg ha-1 in the three years. The dry matter production of leaves and stems increased as the N amount increased. The dry matter of the whole plant was affected similarly, while the fruit dry matter decreased as the N amount was increased above 112, 93 and 95 kg ha-1, in 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. The maximum Leaf Area Index (LAI), 3.1, was obtained at 393 kg ha-1 of N. The lowest N supply reduced the fruit yield by 21%, while the highest increased the vegetative growth, LAI and Leaf Area Duration (LAD), but reduced yield by 24% relative to the N93 treatment. Excessive applications of N increase vegetative growth at the expense of reproductive growth. For this melon type, rates about 90-100 kg ha-1 of N are sufficient for adequate plant growth, development and maximum production. To obtain fruit yield close to the maximum, the leaf N concentration at the end of the crop cycle should be higher than 19.5 g kg-1.

scholarly journals Growth of tomato seedlings in substrates containing a nanocomposite hydrogel with calcium montmorillonite (NC-MMt)

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
Raphael AC Melo ◽  
Marçal HA Jorge ◽  
Adriel Bortolin ◽  
Leonardo S Boiteux ◽  
Caue R Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Nanocomposite Hydrogel ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

ABSTRACT The correct use of hydrogels in some situations can increase seedling survival rates, plant growth, and the water-retention capacity of the growing medium. A technique for the production of a nanocomposite hydrogel using calcium montmorillonite (NC-MMt) was recently developed. However, additional research is necessary in order to validate this innovative input, particularly for the production of vegetable crops seedlings. In this context, the main objective of the present study was to evaluate the growth and development of seedlings, tomato hybrid ‘BRS Nagai’, in substrates containing different amendments of hydrogel NC-MMt. The trial was conducted in a 3x3 factorial arranged in a complete randomized blocks design, with three replications. Three substrates (peat moss, pine bark, and coconut peat) corresponded to the first factor and three rates of the NC-MMt hydrogel (0%= R1, 1.5%= R2 and 2.0%= R3, on a w/w basis) corresponded to the second factor. Each plot was composed of 16 plants that were assessed after three weeks. Overall, peat moss-based and pine bark-based substrates resulted in higher values for most of the analyzed traits: plant emergency percentage, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, plant height/shoot dry weight ratio, root dry weight, shoot dry weight/root dry weight ratio and the Dickinson Quality Index. Rates of NC-MMt hydrogel displayed significant responses only to root superficial area and root volume. NC-MMt hydrogel amendment (mainly 1.5%) combined with specific substrates (mainly peat moss-based substrate) was able to improve the growth of ‘BRS Nagai’ tomato seedlings, with no observed toxic effects.

scholarly journals Growth of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit favored by organic waste in the Brazilian semiarid region

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 612-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco H. C. Amaral ◽  
Júlio C. A. Nóbrega ◽  
Rafaela S. A. Nóbrega ◽  
José F. Lustosa Filho ◽  
Sarah P. do N. Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sources and rates of organic waste and their interaction on the growth of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, in the Southeast region of Piauí State. The treatments consisted of two sources (Copernicia prunifera (Mill.) H.E. palm residue and plant compound) and six organic waste rates. The study was conducted in the period of March-June 2011 and the following parameters were evaluated: stem diameter, height, number of leaves, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry matter, root volume, shoot dry weight/root dry weight ratio, height/stem diameter ratio and the Dickson Quality Index. The Copernicia prunifera (Mill.) H.E. palm residue and plant compound showed a great potential to be used in the manufacture of substrates for the production of seedlings Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, since their initial development was influenced by the sources and proportions of these organic residues and by the interaction between these treatments. The substrate containing 50% of plant compound produced better quality of plants of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit in their initial development stage.

scholarly journals Initial Growth of Rosebay Rhododendron Seedlings as Influenced by Day and Night Temperatures

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 705-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Starrett ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Stuart L. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Total Plant

Rosebay rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum L.) seedlings were grown in controlled-environment chambers for 14 weeks under long (9-hour) days at 18, 22, 26, or 30C in factorial combination with 15-hour nights at 14, 18, 22, or 26C. Total dry-matter production was lowest for 18C days and highest for 26C days. A similar response occurred for top, leaf, root, and stem dry weights. Nights at 22C maximized total plant, top, leaf, and stem dry weights. The optimum day/night cycle for dry-matter production was 26/22C. Leaf area was optimum with 18C nights. Leaf weight ratio (leaf dry weight: total plant dry weight) increased with an increase in night temperature to a maximum at 22C. Root weight ratio (root dry weight: total plant dry weight) decreased with an increase in night temperature to a minimum at 22C. Stem weight ratio (stem dry weight: total plant dry weight) and shoot: root ratio (top dry weight: root dry weight) were not influenced significantly by day or night temperature. A day/night cycle of 26/22C seems to be optimal for producing-salable plants.

scholarly journals Effect of salinity on morpho-physiological parameters and nitrogen content in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
K. Fatiha ◽  
H. Abdelkrim ◽  
B. Abdelkader
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Abstract. To characterize the effect of salt stress on six varieties of chickpea (Cicer areitenumL.): ILC 32/79, Flip 84/92C, Ghab4, Belkhadem, Collection 28 and F97/555, morphological and physiological parameters of the plants were studied to determine which can be cultivated under salty conditions. The genotypes were subjected to three increasing concentrations of NaCl (50, 75 and 100mM) and compared to an unstressed control (0mM NaCl).The results showed the studied genotypes behaved differently depending on saline concentrations, and plant water content decreased depending on NaCl concentrations, with a higher reduction in root dry matter. The root dry weight/shoot dry weight ratio decreased with high NaCl concentrations that caused reductions in root volume, number of nodules, and total nitrogen. It appeared the ILC 32/79 and collection 28 varieties were the most salinity-tolerant genotypes.

scholarly journals Supplemental Carbon Dioxide and Light Improved Tomato and Pepper Seedling Growth and Yield

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Fierro ◽  
André Gosselin ◽  
Nicolas Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Supplementary Lighting

The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of CO, enrichment (900 μl·liter-1, 8 hours/day) in combination with supplementary lighting of 100 μmol·s-1·m-2(16-h photoperiod) on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedling growth in the greenhouse and subsequent yield in the field. Enrichment with CO2 and supplementary lighting for ≈ 3 weeks before transplanting increased accumulation of dry matter in shoots by ≈ 50% compared with the control, while root dry weight increased 49% for tomato and 6270 for pepper. Early yields increased by =1570 and 11% for tomato and pepper, respectively.

scholarly journals The Effect of Brushing on the Growth and Quality of Field-grown Root Crops

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1171-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce G. Latimer ◽  
Tomio Johjima ◽  
Yuhji Fukuyama
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Japanese Radish ◽  
Medium Quality

Shoots of field-grown plants of European radish (Raphanus sativus L. `Comet'), Japanese radish (daikon) (R. sativus L. `Mino-wase'), and Asian turnip (Brassica rapa L. `Hinona') were brushed twice daily, 40 cycles (back-and-forth strokes equal one cycle), for 8 (short-term) or 13, 21, or 14 days (long-term), respectively. European turnip (B. rapa L. `Hikari-kabu') plants were grown in a raised bed in an uncovered plastic house and were brushed for 9 or 21 days. Short-term brushing reduced root dry weight and the root: shoot dry weight ratio (R: S) of European radish, whereas the treatment increased these measurements for Asian turnip and European turnip. Short-term brushing had no effect on growth of Japanese radish plants, but increased root dry weight gain by both turnip cultivars, thereby increasing their R: S ratios. Lung-term brushing reduced root dry weight gain and the R: S ratio of European radish and root dry weight of Asian turnip but had no effect on these measurements for the other crops. Long-term brushing reduced cracking of European radish roots, thereby resulting in a higher proportion of oblong (medium quality) roots. Consequently, the percentage of marketable-quality roots of European radish was increased by brushing. Lung-term brushing increased the percentage of medium-sized roots of Asian turnip at the expense of large-sized roots. Brushing had no effect on root quality of European turnip.

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