scholarly journals Genetic diversity in the growth of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) provenance-progeny test: Comparing study in the nursery and field

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
DEDE J SUDRAJAT ◽  
YULIANTI YULIANTI ◽  
EVAYUSVITA RUSTAM ◽  
ICHSAN SUWANDHI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
The Family ◽  
Collar Diameter

Abstract. Sudrajat DJ, Yulianti, Danu, Rustam E, Suwandhi I. 2019. Genetic diversity in the growth of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) provenance-progeny test: Comparing study in the nursery and field. Biodiversitas 20: 1325-1332. Results of the provenance-progeny test in seedling and field test of white jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba) at Parung Panjang, Bogor District, West Java Province, Indonesia are reported and discussed. Twelve provenances representing 105 families were tested in nursery and field using randomized complete block design. Seedling height, root collar diameter, sturdiness quotient, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and shoot-root ratio was measured at four months, while as the growth assessment was carried out on survival, height and stem diameter at the age of 2 and 4 years. The result showed that genetic variation was found to be higher among families within provenances than the variation among provenances for all parameters indicating the family effect had the highest contribution on the growth and survival. Based on family and provenance mean, most of the seedling parameters were significantly correlated with the others, but most of seedling parameters were not significantly correlated with plant growth at 2 and 4 years. The longitudinal cline was significantly correlated with shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and shoot-root ratio indicated that the white jabon seeding parameters in natural populations may have greater in humid (higher precipitation) than in drier locations. This was likely to suggest that the family or provenance selections based on seedling growth in the nursery may not be very effective because heritability of most growth variables is likely to be low.

scholarly journals Sewage sludge and rice husk as potential substrate to produce Mimosa setosa seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1111-1119
Author(s):  
Julio Cezar Tannure Faria ◽  
Marcos Vinícius Winckler Caldeira ◽  
William Macedo Delarmelina ◽  
Erick Martins Nieri ◽  
Denys Santana Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Root Collar

In the production of forest seedlings one of the main factors to be analyzed is the formulation of the substrate that meets the needs of the plants that will be produced. For this, the choice of substrate must consider the physical characteristics of the material, its chemical composition, as well as its availability, quality, easy handling and cost. This study aimed to investigate the potential of sewage sludge and rice husk for the production of seedlings of Mimosa setosa. The experiment was conducted in structures of a forest nursery, localized in the municipality of Alegre-ES, in 110 cm³ tubes arranged in a completely randomized design constituted by ten treatments with four replications of 54 seedlings per plot. The treatments were formulated using sewage sludge, raw rice husks and carbonized rice husk. At five months after sowing we measured plant height, root collar diameter, height/diameter ratio, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry matter, shoot to root dry weight ratio and Dickson Quality Index. The substrates formulated with carbonized rice husk promoted the best results for all morphological characteristics analyzed. The multivariate analysis showed higher correlation of treatments with carbonized rice husk (T6, T7, T8 and T9) regarding height, root collar diameter, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and total dry matter. For the production of Mimosa setosa seedlings the best responses resulted from the substrate formulated with 60% sewage sludge + 40% carbonized rice husk.

scholarly journals Legume-rhizobium specificity effect on nodulation, biomass production and partitioning of faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayou Bunkura Allito ◽  
Nana Ewusi-Mensah ◽  
Vincent Logah ◽  
Demelash Kefale Hunegnaw
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Rhizobium Strains

AbstractGreenhouse and multi-location experiments were conducted for two consecutive years to investigate the effects of rhizobium on nodulation, biomass production and partitioning of faba bean. Split-plot in randomized complete block design was used for field experiments. Treatments consisted of six rhizobium strains and three faba bean varieties. Peat carrier-based inoculant of each strain was applied at the rate of 10 g kg−1 seed. Non-inoculated plants without N fertilizer and with N fertilizer served as –N and + N controls, respectively. Data on nodulation, shoot dry weight and root dry weight were collected and analyzed. Inoculation of rhizobium significantly increased nodulation of faba bean under greenhouse and field conditions. Location x strain x variety interaction had significant effects on nodulation, dry matter production and partitioning. Rhizobium inoculation increased nodulation, shoot and root dry weights of faba bean across locations. For example, inoculation with rhizobium strains NSFBR-15 and NSFBR-12 to variety Moti resulted in 206.9 and 99.3% shoot dry weight increase at Abala Gase and Hankomolicha, respectively and 133.3 and 70.7% root dry weight increase on the same variety at the same sites, respectively. Nodulation and biomass production depend on the compatibility between faba bean genotype and rhizobium strain and its interaction with soil bio-physical conditions.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF COWPEA TO INOCULATION WITH STRAINS OF Bradyrhizobium spp. AND TO NITROGEN FERTILIZER UNDER PROTECTED CULTIVATION

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Arlete Da Silva Bandeira ◽  
Paulo Araquém Ramos Cairo ◽  
Ramon Correia de Vasconcelos ◽  
Adriana Dias Cardoso ◽  
Manoel Nelson De Castro Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Symbiotic Efficiency ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

RESPOSTA DO FEIJÃO-CAUPI A INOCULAÇÃO COM ESTIRPES DE BRADYRHIZOBIUM E ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA EM CULTIVO PROTEGIDOA inoculação de sementes de feijão-caupi com bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio atmosférico pode ser uma alternativa de manejo mais sustentável. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da inoculação e doses de N sobre características do feijão-caupi, em cultivo protegido. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, arranjados em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com quatro fontes de N, caracterizadas por três estirpes (BR 3262, BR 3267 e BR 3299) e uma testemunha sem inoculação e sem N mineral, e quatro doses de adubação nitrogenada (0, 20, 40 e 60 kg ha-1). As características avaliadas foram: altura de plantas, massas secas da parte aérea, da raiz e de toda a planta, número de nódulos, massa seca de nódulos e eficiência relativa dos tratamentos. No tratamento inoculado com a estirpe BR 3267, a massa seca da parte aérea, raiz e de toda a planta aumentaram, com doses crescentes de N até 30 kg ha-1. Entretanto, a nodulação foi inibida, com o aumento da dose de N. A eficiência simbiótica da estirpe BR 3262 foi semelhante à da testemunha, sendo as demais inferiores, indicando que a população nativa de rizóbios, por si só, é capaz de suprir a demanda da planta.Palavras-chave: Bradyrhizobium; fixação biológica de nitrogênio; nutrição mineral; Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ABSTRACT: Inoculating cowpea seeds with atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria may be a more sustainable management alternative. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of inoculation and N fertilizer rates on characteristics of cowpea grown in greenhouse. A randomized complete block design was used. Treatments were laid out in a 4 x 4 factorial experiment consisting of four N sources: three inoculant strains (BR 3262, BR 3267 and BR 3299) and a non-inoculated control without mineral N supply; and four N fertilizer rates (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1). The following characteristics were evaluated: plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry weight, number of nodules, nodule dry weight, and relative efficiency of treatments. For the treatment inoculated with strain BR 3267, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and total dry weight increased with increasing N rate up to 30 kg ha-1. However, nodulation was inhibited with increasing N rate. The symbiotic efficiency of strain 3262 was similar to that of the control and lower than the remaining strains, indicating that the indigenous population of rhizobia, by itself, is able to meet the plant’s N demand.Keywords: Bradyrhizobium; biological nitrogen fixation; mineral nutrition; Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.

scholarly journals Cekaman Garam NaCl danTeknik Aplikasi Azolla pada Tanaman Padi

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-355
Author(s):  
Fitri Krismiratsih ◽  
Sugeng Winarso ◽  
Slamerto Slamerto
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Application Technique ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Salinity Levels

Efforts to increase production potential can be carried out by extensification in a less productive saline land. Salinity is a major problem in the growth of most plants. Azolla is a plant that is sensitive to salinity, but if it is applied well, it can grow optimally at high salinity levels. The purpose of this study is to obtain an azolla application technique that is effective in increasing the adaptation of rice plants to NaCl saline soil conditions. The experimental design used was Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was the azolla application technique consisted of 3 levels: fresh azolla composted, fresh azolla immersed, and fresh azolla as a ground cover. The second factor was the levels of NaCl salt stress consisted of 4 levels: control DHL 0, 2, 4, and 8 dS m-1. The adaptation ability of rice plants based on variable plants height growth rate, number of tillers, strove dry weight, root dry weight, stomata density, leaf chlorophyll (SPAD), age of flowering, number of paddy grain, and harvest index. The results showed how to test content up to 2 dS m-1 which increased rice growth especially the application of azolla composted. Increasing stress to 4 and 8 dS m-1showed bad effects on vegetative, physiology, and yields of rice components. The stronger of salt stress the higher all plants growth variables except the age of flowering that actually showed the acceleration of flowering. Application of composted azolla can increase the root dry weight and azolla as a ground cover can increase the numbers of paddy grains.   Keywords: azolla, NaCl, rice, stress

scholarly journals Kajian Perubahan Ragam Genetik Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) akibat Seleksi

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
I Wayan Sudika ◽  
I Wayan Sutresna ◽  
Dwi Ratna Anugrahwati
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Environmental Diversity ◽  
Two Hybrid

This study aimed to determine the change in total genetic diversity after eight cycles of mass selection using a technique of selection index for yield, fresh dry matter, and weight of dry harvested cob, and to find out the average of these three characters compared to the initial population. This experiment was carried out at Pringgabaya District, East Lombok Regency using Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 11 treatments, namely eight selected populations, initial populations and two hybrid varieties. Each treatment was replicated 3 times, resulted in 33 experimental units. Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance at 0.05 levels. Variance of phenotype is obtained from the variety of samples; while the environmental variance is defined as the average variance of the two hybrid phenotypes. Genetic diversity is obtained from the variety of phenotypes of each population minus the environmental diversity. F-test of  0.05 was performed to find out whether the genetic diversity of the eighth cycle population is the same or different to that of the genetic diversity of the initial population. The average between the initial population and the eighth cycle population was tested using the HSD-test at 0.05 levels. The results showed that the total genetic variation in the population from the eighth cycle selection for yield, harvested dry weight of cobs, and fresh dry matter of maize were smaller than the genetic diversity of the initial population. The average yield, harvested dry cob weight and fresh dry matter weight of population of the eighth cycle selection are higher than the initial population

The effect of barley yellow dwarf virus on early plant growth in ryegrass (Lolium spp.)

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
DR Eagling ◽  
RJ Sward ◽  
GM Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

Measurements were made on the effect of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) infection on the early growth of four commercial cultivars of ryegrass (Lolium spp.) under two different temperatures (24�C and 16�C). At 24'C, BYDV infection was associated with reduced root dry weight (30-40%) in all cultivars; the effect of infection on shoot dry weight and leaf area was variable. At 16�C, the effect of BYDV infection was variable, being associated with increases in root dry weight, shoot dry weight, and leaf area in one cultivar (Grasslands Ariki) and decreases in another (Victorian). In two other cultivars, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and leaf area were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by infection with BYDV.At 24�C, the reductions in root dry weight associated with BYDV infection were not concomitant with reductions in the root relative growth rates. Up to at least 28 days after inoculation (46-50 days after germination) reductions in root dry weight were associated with both aphid-feeding damage and virus infection. Experiments with the cultivar Victorian, showed that shoot dry weight was not significantly affected (P>0.05) by feeding with viruliferous (BYDV) or non-viruliferous aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi L.). At 16�C, changes in root and shoot dry weight were associated with changes in the root and shoot relative growth rates.

Effects of oxygen and nitrate on ammonium uptake kinetics and adenylate pools in Phalaris arundinacea L. and Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb

1994 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Brix ◽  
B. Lorenzen ◽  
J. T. Morris ◽  
H.-H. Schierup ◽  
B. K. Sorrell
Keyword(s):  
Adenine Nucleotide ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phalaris Arundinacea ◽  
Uptake Kinetics ◽  
Charge Ratio ◽  
Ammonium Uptake ◽  
Root Dry Weight

SynopsisWe studied the effects of oxygen (aerated versus O2 depleted ∼0.5 mg 1−1 O2) and nitrate (none versus 10 μmol 1−1) on the ammonium uptake kinetics and adenylate pools in two wetland plants differing in their degree of flood tolerance (Phalaris arundinacea L. and Glyceria maxima (Hartm.) Holmb.). The study was performed as a random block design in a growth chamber. The -uptake kinetics were estimated by using a computerised nonlinear parameter estimation procedure to fit the differential form of a modified Michaelis–Menten model to solution depletion curves. The uptake kinetics for differed between the two species: Vmax was significantly higher for P. arundinacea (24.7 to 29.6 μmol h−1 g−1 root dry weight) than for G. maxima (4.6–10.3 μmol h−1 g−1 root dry weight). The concentration at which uptake ceases (Cmin) was 0.2 to 0.5 μmol 1−1 for P. arundinacea and significant higher (1.1–2.7 μmol 1−1) for G. maxima.Km varied between 3.1 and 6.2 μmol 1−1 for P. arundinacea, and 1.6 and 3.0 μmol 1−1 for G. maxima. The different uptake kinetics of the two species reflect the different structure of their root systems: P. arundinacea has an extensive root system consisting of many thin roots whereas G. maxima has fewer but thicker roots. The uptake kinetics also suggest that P. arundinacea is adapted to growing at lower ambient concentrations than G. maxima. Oxygen had no consistent effect on uptake kinetics. However, the plants that had in the nutrient solution as well as had slightly higher Vmax values and lower Cmin and Km values than those without . Thus, both species were able to sustain their uptake characteristics at low external O2 concentrations, probably because of internal aeration through the air-space tissue of the plants. Nitrate deprivation also lowered the energy charge ratio and adenine nucleotide content in roots. The roots recovered quickly from deprivation once was resupplied. The stresses imposed by partially O2-depleted conditions and lack of nitrate were therefore relatively mild and reversible. It seems that the inherent aerenchyma development under aerated conditions in these species is sufficient to maintain adequate root oxygenation under partially O2-depleted conditions.

Interaction of Mesorhizobia, Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and different Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes for Nitrogen Fixing and Yield Attributing traits

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minakshi Kalkal ◽  
Krishan Kumar ◽  
Radhey Sham Waldia ◽  
Surjit Singh Dudeja
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Uninoculated Control

Twenty genotypes of chickpea were evaluated to study the interaction of chickpea genotypes, mesorhizobial strains and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza for 14 nitrogen fixing and yield attributing traits viz. days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 100 seed weight (g), seed yield per plant (g), number of nodules per plant, nodule weight per plant (g), root dry weight per plant (g), shoot dry weight per plant (g), nitrogen content in shoot (%), nitrogen content in grain (%) and VAM infection(%). The analysis of variance revealed the existence of significant amount of genetic variability in the material for all the traits. All the genotypes were treated with three treatments separately (Mesorhizobium sp. Strain CH 1233 (S1); Mesorhizobium sp. Strain CH 810 (S2); vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) (Glomus fasiculatum) and one set was used as uninoculated control. These were grown separately following randomized block design with three replications in each treatment. Comparative analysis indicated the differences between the treatments and behaviour of the genotypes in different environments. In general S1 and VAM showed beneficial interaction for maximum number of traits for all the genotypes. The effect of VAM was the most apparent among treatments. On overall basis, genotypes viz. HC 3, HC 5, GL 94022, ICC 5003LN, HK 2, GNG 663 and BG 362 were observed to be better performing and responsive to bio inoculants having one or more superior traits. These genotypes performing better for specific traits can be used as parents in hybridization programme for improvement of that particular trait.

scholarly journals Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, or Magnesium Deficiency on Growth and Photosynthesis of Eustoma

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Tsern Chen ◽  
Ching-Lung Lee ◽  
Der-Ming Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Eustoma Grandiflorum ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Mg Deficiency ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Growth and photosynthetic parameters were measured in Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn. ‘Umihonoka’ grown hydroponically under nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), or magnesium (Mg) deficiency in 1/2 strength of modified Johnson’s solution. Plant height, node number, and leaf area were all reduced under N, P, K, and Ca deficiencies but not under Mg deficiency as compared with plants grown in the complete nutrient solution. Shoot and root dry weight were reduced in the N-, P-, K-, and Ca-deficient treatments, whereas root but not shoot dry weight was lowered by Mg-deficient treatment. Shoot-to-root dry weight ratio decreased under N and P deficiencies, increased under K and Mg deficiency, but was not altered under Ca deficiency. Decreased net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of N-, P-, and K-deficient leaves was all related to lower stomatal conductance (gS), whereas N-deficient leaves also accompanied by a higher intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci). The Mg-deficient treatment did not alter chlorophyll fluorescence Fv/Fm, maximal fluorescence (Fm), or minimal fluorescence (Fo). Decreased Fv/Fm of N-, P-, K-, and Ca-deficient leaves was all related to lower Fm, whereas N- and P-deficient leaves also accompanied by lower Fo. A key was developed for the identification of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg deficiency symptoms.

scholarly journals Variation and relationships of morphological traits, shoot yields and essential oil contents of four Anthemis species

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Alizadeh ◽  
Ali Ashraf Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
The Family ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract Anthemis L. is a genus of aromatic flowering plants in the family Asteraceae and is native to Iran. In this research, 62 accessions of four chamomile species including Anthemis tinctoria, A. triumfetti, A. haussknechtii and A. pseudocotula were evaluated for morphological traits. Four experiments were conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Research Institute of Forest and Rangeland, Tehran, Iran in 2011. Data were collected for the morphological traits for all of the species and essential oil content for A. triumfetti and A. pseudocotula. The results showed that plant height was positively correlated with canopy area for all of the species except A. triumfetti (p < 0.01). There were positive correlations between flower number with plant height and canopy area in both A. tinctoria and A. haussknechtii (p < 0.01). Fresh and dry weight were positively correlated with canopy area and plant height in all of the species (p < 0.01), except A. tinctoria for canopy area and A. triumfetti for plant height. GDD had a positive correlation with canopy area for A. triumfetti (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between essential oil yield and plant height, fresh and dry weight in A. triumfetti and A. pseudocotula (p < 0.05). Using cluster analysis (Ward method), the accessions of A. triumfetti, A. tinctoria, A. haussknechtii and A. pseudocotula were grouped into 3, 2, 4 and 2 clusters, respectively. The results of cluster analysis separated the accession based on shoot yield, morphological traits and maturity. In some items, the accessions within each cluster were coordinated with their geographical provenance.

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