scholarly journals Mapping Center Pivot Irrigation Fields in South Carolina with Google Earth Engine and the National Agricultural Imagery Program

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Alex Pellett
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
The United States ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Irrigated Area ◽  
Center Pivot ◽  
Irrigation Infrastructure

Aerial images taken during the growing seasons of 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015, and 2017 were visually inspected for evidence of irrigation. Center pivot irrigation was identified by the characteristic shape of the spans and the curved tracks left by the wheels. The author manually delineated a polygon over each agricultural area where signs of irrigation infrastructure were observed. The result is a map of 2,689 polygons covering 146,662 acres in South Carolina. Compared with the United States Department of Agriculture 2017 Census of Agriculture, the sampling results account for over 69% of total irrigated area and over 98% of area irrigated solely by center pivots. Most center pivots covered from 25 to 75 acres, while the largest center pivot extended over 300 acres. These results are an important contribution to the quantification of water use in South Carolina.

Resistance of tobacco to pandemic blue mould Peronospora hyoscyami de Bary syn P. tabacina Adam): a historical overview

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. W. Lea
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Blue Mould ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Nicotiana Debneyi

Summary. The pandemic of Peronospora hyoscyami de Bary (syn. P. tabacina Adam) introduced into Britain from Australia in 1957 swept across Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and the former Soviet Union in the early 1960s causing catastrophic losses of tobacco crops. Nicotiana debneyi Domin. is the major source of resistance to this pathogen in Australia and Europe. A blue mould resistant version of USA cultivar Hicks (designated Resistant Hicks) was bred by H. W. Lea. This cultivar, with resistance from N. debneyi was widely used in Europe from 1962 as a parent with local varieties. From 1965 Bel 61 lines bred by the United States Department of Agriculture, also with resistance from N. debneyi were phased in as a source of resistance in some countries. The cultivar Resistant Hicks was selected for resistance in growing seasons with few cloudy days, and its high resistance in Australia has been stable for over 40 years; the cultivar Dynes mostly grown in Australia has the Resistant Hicks source of resistance. The high resistance to Peronospora possessed by cultivars developed from the Bel 61 lines has been stable for more than 20 years in Europe; the Bel lines were selected under shade conditions. Nicotiana debneyi has resistance to Peronospora hyoscyami on 8 chromosomes; there is evidence that both American and Australian resistant cultivars derive some resistance from Nicotiana tabacum L. Both the cultivar Resistant Hicks and Bel 61 lines possess only part of the full resistance available from N. debneyi; further progress may be possible by hybridising these 2 lines and incorporating resistance from other resistant Australian species.

The Difficulties and Promise of an Interagency Public Information Campaign for Water Quality Issues

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Michelle Miller
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Public Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Information Campaign ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Voluntary Programs ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
Quality Issues ◽  
State And Local

The following case study addresses the difficulties and promise of developing a statewide interagency public information campaign to raise general awareness of water quality issues and governmental programs to address them. Due to only moderate success of voluntary programs to curb nonpoint source pollution, agencies are looking toward information and education programs to motivate the public toward conservation behavior. One of the biggest obstacles in developing an effective information/education program is institutional barriers to interagency cooperation, mirroring difficulties local conservationists encounter in their work to restore and maintain water quality at the watershed level. Cooperation between federal agencies, and resource commitment to public information is necessary at the federal level, as well as state and local levels. Agencies involved to date include the United States Department of Agriculture-Soil Conservation Service; Wisconsin State Departments of Natural Resources, and Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection and Administration; University of Wisconsin-Extension; Wisconsin Land Conservation Association.

scholarly journals Exotic Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) in the United States: Biology, Ecology, and Strategies for Management

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany L Schappach ◽  
Rayda K Krell ◽  
Victoria L Hornbostel ◽  
Neeta P Connally
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Multiple Pathogens

Abstract The Asian longhorned tick (ALT), Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann (Acari: Ixodidae), is a three-host tick that was first detected outside of United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) quarantine in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, in 2017 and subsequently found in another 14 states. In its native Asia, and where it has become established in Australia and New Zealand, ALTs feed on a variety of hosts and are economically important livestock pests and competent vectors of multiple pathogens to humans and other animals. The degree to which ALT will become a persistent livestock pest or competent vector for introduced or existing pathogens in the United States is yet unclear. Because of its vast host availability, ability to reproduce asexually, known vector competence, and the presence of multiple life stages on hosts, the expansion of ALT establishment in the United States is expected, and is a significant public health and veterinary concern. In this paper, we discuss the biology, geographical distribution, life cycle and seasonal activity, reproduction, identification, medical and veterinary implications, management options, and future concerns in the United States.

scholarly journals Measuring household food security: the global experience

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (suppl) ◽  
pp. 27s-37s ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Melgar-Quinonez ◽  
Michelle Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Governmental Agencies ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
New Research

Measuring household food insecurity represents a challenge due to the complexity and wide array of factors associated with this phenomenon. For over one decade, researchers and agencies throughout the world have been using and assessing the validity of variations of the United States Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Supplemental Module. Thanks to numerous studies of diverse design, size, and purpose, the Household Food Security Supplemental Module has shown its suitability to directly evaluate the perceptions of individuals on their food security status. In addition, challenges and limitations are becoming clearer and new research questions are emerging as the process advances. The purpose of this article is to describe the development, validation procedures, and use of the Household Food Security Supplemental Module in very diverse settings. The most common Household Food Security Supplemental Module related studies have been conducted using criterion validity, Rasch modeling and Cronbach-Alpha Coefficient. It is critical that researchers, policy makers, governmental and non-governmental agencies intensify their efforts to further develop tools that provide valid and reliable measures of food security in diverse population groups. Additional work is needed to synthesize a universally applicable tool able to capture the global human phenomenon of food insecurity.

Access to Healthy Foods in Rural Minnesota: A Pilot Analysis of Corner Stores

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl L Larson ◽  
Megan Mullaney ◽  
Esther Mwangi ◽  
Deu Xiong ◽  
Frances Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Food Choices ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Quality Food ◽  
South Central ◽  
Corner Stores ◽  
Access To Healthy Foods

Food deserts are identified by the United States Department of Agriculture as areas where asignificant proportion of the population lack access to quality food choices. The purpose of this study was toassess the availability of quality fruits, vegetables, dry good, and meats at corner store locations in a south-central Minnesota county designated a food desert. Corner stores (n=22) were audited for the presence of20 fresh fruits and vegetables, low-fat meats, and whole grain dry goods. Results indicate more than three-quarters of corner stores did not provide sufficient access to healthy foods, and were not provide sufficientaccess to quality food for residents in the county.

scholarly journals Recipes for Determining Doneness in Poultry Do Not Provide Appropriate Information Based on US Government Guidelines

Foods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Chambers ◽  
Sandria Godwin ◽  
Taylor Terry
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Department Of Agriculture ◽  
Us Government ◽  
Specific Temperature ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
Food Handling Practices

Research has shown that consumers use unsafe food handling practices when preparing poultry, which can increase the risk of foodborne illness such as salmonellosis or campylobacteriosis. Recipes from cookbooks, magazines, and the internet commonly are used as sources for consumers to prepare food in homes and the expectation is that food will be safe when prepared. According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), using a thermometer properly is the only way to accurately check for doneness of poultry. The objective of this study was to assess poultry recipes, including recipes for whole birds and poultry parts, to determine if food safety information concerning thermometer use was included within the recipe. Poultry recipes (n = 474) were collected from 217 cookbooks, 28 magazines, 59 websites, and seven blogs. Approximately 33.5% of the recipes contained a specific temperature for doneness, with 73% of those cooked to ≥165 °F/74 °C, as recommended by USDA. Ninety-four percent of recipes used cooking time and about half of the recipes used visual measurements, such as color or juices running clear, to determine doneness. This study showed that most recipes do not contain appropriate information to assure safe cooking of poultry by consumers. Modifying recipes by adding food safety information, such as thermometer use and proper temperatures, could increase the use of proper food preparation behaviors by consumers.

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