scholarly journals Current estimates of goose population sizes in western Europe, a gap analysis and an assessment of trends

Ornis Svecica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3–4) ◽  
pp. 115-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D Fox ◽  
Bart S Ebbinge ◽  
Carl Mitchell ◽  
Thomas Heinicke ◽  
Tomas Aarvak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Western Palearctic ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Full Count

We estimated the size of 30 defined populations of geese wintering in the Western Palearctic (including five released or reintroduced populations of three species). Fourteen populations were accurately estimated from almost full count coverage or robust sampling and ten were well estimated based on more than 50% of their total being counted. An estimated 5.03 million geese wintered in January 2009, up on 3.10 million in January 1993. Only two populations numbered less than 10,000 birds (Scandinavian Lesser White-fronted Goose and Svalbard/Greenland Light-bellied Brent Goose, the former being critically small within restricted range). Eighteen populations numbered 10,000–100,000, eight 100,000–1,000,000 and the largest 1.2 million individuals. Of 21 populations with known longer term trends, 16 are showing significant exponential increases, 4 are stable and one declining. Amongst these same populations, five are declining since the 1990s. Long term declines in productivity were found in 7 out of 15 populations. Amongst most of the 11 populations for which data exist, there were no  significant long-term trends in annual adult survival. Improved monitoring, including demographic, is required to retain populations in favorable conservation status.

scholarly journals Rediscovery of the endangered lichen Pseudocyphellaria aurata (Lobariaceae, Ascomycota) in mainland Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. e099
Author(s):  
Ibai Olariaga ◽  
Graciela Paz-Bermúdez ◽  
Javier Calvo ◽  
Javier Etayo ◽  
María Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Two Populations

Lichens, as well as other organisms, should be considered important biodiversity components for the establishment of priorities in conservation biology. In this study, we report six new recent localities of the highly endangered, epiphytic macrolichen Pseudocyphellaria aurata in Spain: two in Navarra and four in A Coruña. Previous Spanish reports based on literature and herbarium specimens suggest a reduction of the distribution area of P. aurata and local extinction. Pseudocyphellaria aurata is known to be extinct in six localities, where it has not been observed since the middle of the 19th century (Cádiz, Pontevedra, Málaga). Four records reported for central Spain (Zaragoza, Salamanca, Teruel) are considered unplausible. The newly discovered populations are located in well-preserved patches of atlantic deciduous forest with strong oceanic influence, whose long-term ecological stability seems evident because of the presence of ancient trees. Nevertheless, these populations are small, fragmentary, and are threatened by habitat degradation, forestry and maybe fungal pathogens. Two populations, Intzola and Beba (Navarra and A Coruña, respectively), account for 75.7% of thalli. The localities with the highest number of trees colonized by P. aurata are Santa Leocadia and Beba in A Coruña. We reassessed the conservation status of this species concluding that conservation initiatives must be implemented to avoid its extinction in mainland Spain.

Synchronous Variation and Long-Term Trends in Two Populations of Black Rat Snakes

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1602-1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Weatherhead ◽  
G. Blouin-Demers ◽  
K. A. Prior
Keyword(s):  
Black Rat ◽  
Black Rat Snakes ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Two Populations

scholarly journals Cyclicity in the fossil record mirrors rock outcrop area

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B Smith ◽  
Alistair J McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Recent Article ◽  
Sedimentary Rock ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Rock Outcrop ◽  
Marine Diversity ◽  
Marine Fossils ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Marine Sedimentary Rock

In a recent article, Rohde & Muller (Rohde & Muller 2005 Nature 434 , 208–210) identified a strong 62 Myr cyclicity in the history of marine diversity through the Phanerozoic. The data they presented were highly convincing, yet they were unable to explain what process might have generated this pattern. A significant correlation between observed genus-level diversity (after removal of long-term trends) and the amount of marine sedimentary rock measured at a surface outcrop in Western Europe is demonstrated. This suggests that cyclicity originates from long-term changes in sedimentary depositional and erosional regimes, and raises the strong possibility that the cyclicity apparent in the record of marine fossils is not a biological signal but a sampling signal.

scholarly journals Ionospheric long-term trends: can the geomagnetic control and the greenhouse hypotheses be reconciled?

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 2533-2541 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Mikhailov
Keyword(s):  
Geomagnetic Activity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Neutral Temperature ◽  
Control Concept ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Strongly Damped ◽  
Long Term Variations

Abstract. The ionospheric F2-layer parameter long-term trends are considered from the geomagnetic control concept and the greenhouse hypothesis points of view. It is stressed that long-term geomagnetic activity variations are crucial for ionosphere long-term trends, as they determine the basic natural pattern of foF2 and hmF2 long-term variations. The geomagnetic activity effects should be removed from the analyzed data to obtain real trends in ionospheric parameters, but this is not usually done. Only a thermosphere cooling, which is accepted as an explanation for the neutral density decrease, cannot be reconciled with negative foF2 trends revealed for the same period. A more pronounced decrease of the O/N2 ratio is required which is not provided by empirical thermospheric models. Thermospheric cooling practically cannot be seen in foF2 trends, due to a weak NmF2 dependence on neutral temperature; therefore, foF2 trends are mainly controlled by geomagnetic activity long-term variations. Long-term hmF2 variations are also controlled by geomagnetic activity variations, as both parameters, NmF2 and hmF2 are related by the F2-layer formation mechanism. But hmF2 is very sensitive to neutral temperature changes, so strongly damped hmF2 long-term variations observed at Slough after 1972 may be considered as a direct manifestation of the thermosphere cooling. Earlier revealed negative hmF2 trends in western Europe, where magnetic declination D<0 and positive trends at the eastern stations (D>0), can be related to westward thermospheric wind whose role has been enhanced due to a competition between the thermosphere cooling (CO2 increase) and its heating under increasing geomagnetic activity after the end of the 1960s.

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