scholarly journals Dräktvariation hos hannar i skandinaviska populationer av svarthakad buskskvätta Saxicola rubicola

Ornis Svecica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Reino Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
Large Distribution ◽  
Distribution In Europe

In western Europe, the European Stonechat Saxicola rubicola, occurs in two subspecies; rubicola, with a large distribution in Europe, and hibernans, mainly distributed on the British Isles. A small population of presumed hibernans birds breed in Norway. However, difficulties in distinguishing hibernans from rubicola at an individual level has led to speculation regarding the origin of the Norwegian birds. There are no clear genetic differences between the subspecies and their plumage appearance can be considered to overlap within parts of the range. To investigate this, I studied the plumage variation among males during the breeding season in the Scandinavian populations of European Stonechats in Sweden, Norway and Denmark. The study is based on photos of 404 males during the period March–May. The presence or absence of six typical hibernans characteristics were registered for each individual. The results show that males with both hibernans and rubicola characteristics occur during the spring in the Scandinavian populations. There was a clear over-representation of males with hibernans characteristics in Norway as compared to Sweden, and to a lower degree also to Denmark. If the expansion of rubicola progresses in Scandinavia, one could expect a larger proportion of rubicola-like males in the Norwegian population.

scholarly journals The intergenerational foundations of class voting: social mobility and electoral choice in Western Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Ciccolini ◽  
Juho Härkönen
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Political Behaviour ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Electoral Choice ◽  
Class Voting ◽  
Voting Choice

Scholarly explanations of the survival of left parties and the upsurge in mainstream politics discontent often refer to voters' intergenerational mobility resulting from the post-industrial transition. As the occupational structure evolves, voters across generations are exposed to heterogenous life chances, and the social elevator progressively alters class voting patterns. Yet empirical evidence for the electoral implications of social ascent and decline as well as their reasons is mixed at best – likely because most empirical studies seek for homogenous average mobility effects. To address this limitation, we analyse the diverse consequences of mobility across social groups in a quasi-descriptive fashion by applying a cutting-edge ANOVA-based OLS model. Contrarily to prior studies, this approach allows us to identify class-specific mobility effects on voting (ceteris paribus), consistently with theory. Our analyses draw on individual-level detailed information on both intergenerational social mobility and political behaviour from the European Social Survey (rounds 1-9) across 19 Western European countries. Although scholarly accounts on the consequences of social mobility averagely find little to no support in our analyses, we do observe some significant and substantial class-specific effects of both social ascent and descent on voting choice.

Predisposing Factors and Situational Triggers: Exclusionary Reactions to Immigrant Minorities

2004 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL M. SNIDERMAN ◽  
LOUK HAGENDOORN ◽  
MARKUS PRIOR
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Exclusionary Policies ◽  
Situational Triggers ◽  
Economic Well Being

This paper examines the bases of opposition to immigrant minorities in Western Europe, focusing on The Netherlands. The specific aim of this study is to test the validity of predictions derived from two theories—realistic conflict, which emphasizes considerations of economic well-being, and social identity, which emphasizes considerations of identity based on group membership. The larger aim of this study is to investigate the interplay of predisposing factors and situational triggers in evoking political responses. The analysis is based on a series of three experiments embedded in a public opinion survey carried out in The Netherlands (n=2007) in 1997–98. The experiments, combined with parallel individual-level measures, allow measurement of the comparative impact of both dispositionally based and situationally triggered threats to economic well-being and to national identity at work. The results show, first, that considerations of national identity dominate those of economic advantage in evoking exclusionary reactions to immigrant minorities and, second, that the effect of situational triggers is to mobilize support for exclusionary policies above and beyond the core constituency already predisposed to support them.

The Weddell seals of Larsen Harbour, South Georgia: a unique but apparently declining colony

Polar Record ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Burton
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Single Observation ◽  
South Georgia ◽  
Weddell Seals ◽  
Cruise Ships

ABSTRACTThe small population of Weddell seals at Larsen Harbour, South Georgia, is isolated from the rest of the species and is unique because nearly all pups are born on land rather than on sea-ice. Observations of seals in Larsen Harbour during the breeding season are summarised. These have been infrequent until cruise ships started to visit. With often only a single observation in a year, accurate estimates of pup production are impossible but it appears that the population has decreased over the last three decades.

scholarly journals Biometrics as a determinant of the origins of seabirds killed in oil spills and other incidents

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Barrett ◽  
Tycho Anker-Nilssen ◽  
Vidar Bakken ◽  
Hallvard Strøm ◽  
Yuri Krasnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Russian Population ◽  
Systematic Variation ◽  
Critically Endangered ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
Brunnich’S Guillemot ◽  
Made In

AbstractCommon Guillemots Uria aalge and Brünnich's Guillemots U. lomvia are common victims of oil spills, drowning in fishing nets and winter wrecks. Because the Norwegian population of Common Guillemots is classified as critically endangered and the Russian population of the Brünnich's Guillemot has declined greatly, it is important to be able to identify the origins of birds killed outside the breeding season. Measurements of birds made in nine colonies in the Barents and Norwegian Seas showed that although it is impossible to determine with reasonable accuracy the colony of origin from body measurements, the most likely sea of origin of Common Guillemots may be determined on the basis of wing and head + bill lengths, whereas there was no systematic variation in any measurement of Brünnich's Guillemots.

scholarly journals A threat from within? Perceptions of immigration in an enlarging European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Jeannet
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Level Data ◽  
European Immigration ◽  
East West

Scholars have taken a considerable interest in how global immigration to Europe generates public concern, but we still know little about the role that migration from within the European region has in fueling apprehensions. To better understand this, I examine how public attitudes towards immigration have responded to migration following the European Union’s most extensive enlargement along its eastern border in 2004. Using recent advances in multilevel modeling, this article analyzes the longitudinal, cross-sectional relationship between east–west internal European migration on public attitudes towards the economic and cultural aspects of immigration in Western Europe using individual-level data from the European Social Survey (2004–2014). The results demonstrate that growing populations of Central and Eastern European foreigners have contributed to Western Europeans’ perception of immigration as an economic threat, even when taking into account simultaneous immigration from outside Europe. Moreover, the relationship between east–west immigration and an individual’s perception of immigration as a threat is conditional upon their socio-economic status. These findings underscore how within-European immigration in Western Europe has become consequential to the public’s attitudes about immigration more generally.

scholarly journals Abundance estimate and seasonal patterns of grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) occurrence in Brittany, France, as assessed by photo-identification and capture–mark–recapture

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Gerondeau ◽  
Christophe Barbraud ◽  
Vincent Ridoux ◽  
Cécile Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Grey Seal ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
Abundance Estimate ◽  
Photo Identification

It has been suggested that the large grey seal colonies around the British Isles form local populations within a metapopulation, and that seal movements outside the breeding season lead to considerable overlap between individual home ranges. Individual behaviour and population dynamics of small peripheral colonies may also play a role in the metapopulation. We studied the French grey seal colony of the Molène archipelago, at the southern-most limit of the species' range. We analysed photo-identification data with capture–mark–recapture techniques in order to estimate the total seasonal abundance of grey seals in the archipelago and to quantify the seasonal rates of occurrence or movements of male and female seals. We found that between 58 (95% confidence interval: 48–71) and 98 (95% CI: 75–175) individuals hauled out in the archipelago during the summers of 1999 and 2000. The use of multistate models allowed the assessment of seasonal site fidelity and indicated that it varied between key periods of the annual cycle, particularly for females. Males showed a constant fidelity rate of 56% from one season to another. Hence, even though they showed high inter-annual site fidelity, they did not seem to have a preferred season for using the archipelago. On the contrary, female grey seals showed the highest site fidelity between moult and summer (around 80%), and the lowest fidelity between summer and the breeding period (34–43%). Thus, females seem to use the Molène archipelago preferentially in summer and leave the site before the breeding season, which explains the very low local pup production. Philopatry may explain this pre-breeding emigration, and we suggest that most grey seals observed in the Molène archipelago were born and breed in other local breeding populations, probably the south-western British Isles.

scholarly journals Conservation motivation, social equality and left-right ideological preferences in Western and Eastern Europe

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márton Hadarics
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Great Part ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated how attitudes towards social equality can influence the relationship between conservation motivation (or openness) and personal ideological preferences on the left-right dimension, and how this relationship pattern differs between Western and Central & Eastern European (CEE) respondents. Using data from the European Social Survey (2012) we found that individual-level of conservation motivation reduces cultural egalitarianism in both the Western European and the CEE regions, but its connection with economic egalitarianism is only relevant in the CEE region where it fosters economic egalitarianism. Since both forms of egalitarianism were related to leftist ideological preferences in Western Europe, but in the CEE region only economic egalitarianism was ideologically relevant, we concluded that the classic “rigidity of the right” phenomenon is strongly related to cultural (anti)egalitarianism in Western Europe. At the same time, conservation motivation serves as a basis for the “rigidity of the left” in the post-socialist CEE region, in a great part due to the conventional egalitarian economic views.

Introduction: Longitudinal Analysis of Historical-Demographic Data

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Alter ◽  
Myron P. Gutmann ◽  
Susan Hautaniemi Leonard ◽  
Emily R. Merchant
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Change ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Demography ◽  
Secular Change ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Recent Developments

Understanding the complexity of the historical demographic transition—the secular change from high to low levels of mortality and fertility in Western Europe and the United States during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries—has long been a major goal of historical demography. Recent developments in individual-level life-course databases and longitudinal statistical models have allowed scholars to test ever-more complex hypotheses about the causal factors in demographic change and to develop an increasingly fine-grained image of demographic behavior before, during, and after the transition. Such studies are critical for identifying variation, both between and within societies, obscured by secular trends that appear uniform at the macro-level, and for distinguishing the contingent elements of demographic change from the universal elements. The six articles presented in this special issue bring new substantive and methodological insights to the field of historical demography—revealing the responsiveness of pre-transition fertility to changing contexts, tracking the transmission of new fertility practices, exploring the unevenness of mortality and fertility decline, and documenting the changing role of social institutions in family formation.

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