Faculty Opinions recommendation of Posthatching locomotor experience alters locomotor development in chicks.

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve Marder
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Development

scholarly journals Locomotor Development of Children Aged 3.5 to 5 Years in Nursery Schools in Greece

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aggeliki Tsapakidou ◽  
Sofia Stefanidou ◽  
Eleni Tsompanaki
Keyword(s):  
Nursery Schools ◽  
Locomotor Development

Effect of oral corticosterone administration on locomotor development of neonatal and juvenile rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Pavlovska-Teglia ◽  
G Stodulski ◽  
L Svendsen ◽  
K Dalton ◽  
J Hau
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Rats ◽  
Locomotor Development

Posthatching Locomotor Experience Alters Locomotor Development in Chicks

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Muir ◽  
T. K. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Motor Development ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Nmda Antagonist ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Locomotor Development ◽  
Neurophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Head Bobbing ◽  
Activity Dependent ◽  
Exercise Restriction

We have previously demonstrated that, even though chicks are very precocial and can locomote within hours of hatching, they require a period of time to develop a mature stable walk. As an example, 1- to 2-day-old animals move with disproportionately small stride lengths compared with 10- to 14-day-old animals. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the maturation of walking, including the development of a mature stride length, depends on locomotor experience. We also investigated the development and experience-dependence nature of head bobbing, an optokinetic behavior that occurs during walking in birds. Chicks were randomly assigned to one of three groups receiving either increased locomotor experience (i.e., treadmill exercise), decreased locomotor experience (i.e., decreased housing space), or no alteration in locomotor experience. To assess the dependence of locomotor maturation on N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)–type glutamate receptors, animals in each group were either given an NMDA antagonist (MK-801, 1 mg/kg intramuscularly daily) or saline control. Locomotor characteristics (stride length, leg support durations, horizontal head excursions) were quantified from videotaped recordings of chicks walking overground unrestrained on posthatching days 1 , 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10. Animals subject to exercise restriction for at least 6 days moved with shortened stride lengths compared with age-matched treadmill-exercised or control animals, a change that was maintained for the duration of the study. NMDA antagonism also resulted in shortened stride lengths. Head bobbing behavior matured during the same posthatching time period. The rate of this maturation was also decreased by exercise restriction. Thus locomotor experience is required for normal development of locomotor behavior, even in very precocial animals. These results are discussed in terms of the possible neuroanatomical and neurophysiological mechanisms underlying experience- and activity-dependent changes during motor development.

scholarly journals Locomotor Development Prediction Based on Statistical Model Parameters Identification

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
A. V. Wildemann ◽  
A. A. Tashkinov ◽  
V. A. Bronnikov
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Parameters Identification ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Constrained Optimization Problem ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Locomotor Development ◽  
Feasible Solutions ◽  
The Individual

This paper introduces an approach for parameters identification of a statistical predicting model with the use of the available individual data. Unknown parameters are separated into two groups: the ones specifying the average trend over large set of individuals and the ones describing the details of a concrete person. In order to calculate the vector of unknown parameters, a multidimensional constrained optimization problem is solved minimizing the discrepancy between real data and the model prediction over the set of feasible solutions. Both the individual retrospective data and factors influencing the individual dynamics are taken into account. The application of the method for predicting the movement of a patient with congenital motility disorders is considered.

scholarly journals Femoral bone perfusion through the nutrient foramen during growth and locomotor development of western grey kangaroos (Macropus fuliginosus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 221 (4) ◽  
pp. jeb168625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaohui Hu ◽  
Thomas J. Nelson ◽  
Edward P. Snelling ◽  
Roger S. Seymour
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Bone ◽  
Nutrient Foramen ◽  
Locomotor Development

scholarly journals Early suppression of the endocannabinoid degrading enzymes FAAH and MAGL alters locomotor development in zebrafish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Shah Sufian ◽  
Md Ruhul Amin ◽  
Declan W. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Early Embryogenesis ◽  
Locomotor Development ◽  
Primary Motor Neuron ◽  
Amide Hydrolase

The fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) enzymes are the predominant catabolic regulators of the major endocannabinoids (eCBs), anadamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), respectively. The expression and roles of eCBs during early embryogenesis remain to be fully investigated. Here, we inhibited FAAH and MAGL in zebrafish embryos during the first 24 hours of life and examined motor neuron and locomotor development at 2 and 5 days post fertilization (dpf). Application of the dual FAAH/MAGL inhibitor, JZL195 (2 µmol l−1) resulted in a reduction in primary motor neuron (PMN) and secondary motor neuron (SMN) axonal branching. JZL195 also reduced nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expression at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). Application of URB597 (5 µmol l−1), a specific inhibitor of the FAAH enzyme also decreased primary motor neuron branching but did not affect secondary motor neuron branching and nAChR expression. Interestingly, JZL184 (5 µmol l−1), a specific inhibitor of MAGL showed no effects on motor neuron branching or nAChR expression. Co-treatment of the enzyme inhibitors with the CB1R inhibitor AM 251 confirmed the involvement of CB1R in motor neuron branching. Disruption of FAAH or MAGL reduced larval swimming activity, and AM251 attenuated the JZL195 and URB597 induced locomotor changes, but not the effects of JZL184. Together, these findings indicate that inhibition of FAAH, or augmentation of AEA acting through CB1R during early development may be responsible for locomotor deficiencies.

Longitudinal Locomotor Competence and Body Mass Index Across Self-Reported Gender and Vision Level for Youth With Visual Impairments: A 3-Year Investigation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Ali Brian ◽  
Angela Starrett ◽  
Adam Pennell ◽  
Pamela Haibach-Beach ◽  
Emily Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Locomotor Development

Youth with visual impairments are more likely to be overweight than peers without visual impairments and often struggle with their locomotor skills. Locomotor development can combat unhealthy body weight statuses by supporting physical activity behaviors. There are no longitudinal investigations concerning the locomotor skill and body mass index (BMI) developmental trajectories of youth with visual impairments. The purpose of this study was to examine the 3-year developmental trajectory of the locomotor skills and BMI of youth with visual impairments including differential effects of self-reported gender and degree of vision. Participants (N = 34, Mage = 11.75 years, 47% female) showed severely delayed and arrested locomotor development with increases in BMI across 3 years regardless of self-reported gender or degree of vision. Participants failed to breech a proficiency barrier of motor competence to combat against increases in BMI across time. Additional longitudinal inquiries are needed.

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