Faculty Opinions recommendation of Changes in community size affect the outcome of competition.

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Chase
Keyword(s):  
Community Size

Community Size and Sex Role Attitudes of the Students in India

1986 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Prakasa Rao ◽  
V. Nandini Rao
Keyword(s):  
Sex Role ◽  
Community Size ◽  
Sex Role Attitudes

Risk factors for susceptibility to varicella in newly arrived adult migrants in Canada

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (8) ◽  
pp. 1695-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. GREENAWAY ◽  
J. F. BOIVIN ◽  
S. CNOSSEN ◽  
C. ROSSI ◽  
B. TAPIERO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Varicella Vaccination ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
Community Size ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Recent Arrival ◽  
Household Crowding ◽  
Source Countries ◽  
Vaccination Period

SUMMARYVaricella occurs at an older age in tropical compared to cold climates. Migrants from tropical countries provide the opportunity to gain insights into observed global differences in varicella epidemiology. Severity of varicella increases with age thus, description of risk factors for varicella susceptibility will identify those who would benefit most from vaccination. A total of 1480 migrants, with a mean age of 32 years, were recruited in the pre-vaccination period (2002–2004) in Montreal, Canada. A questionnaire was administered and serum varicella antibodies were measured. Overall 6% were susceptible and ranged from 0·8% to 14·1% in subgroups. Risk factors for susceptibility were younger age, recent arrival, and originating from a tropical country. This could be modified by conditions that increased the probability of person-to-person spread of varicella through direct contact in source countries such as larger community size or household crowding. Many new young adult migrants would benefit from targeted varicella vaccination programmes.

scholarly journals Quantifying heterogeneous responses of fish community size structure using novel combined statistical techniques

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 1755-1768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail M. Marshall ◽  
Grant R. Bigg ◽  
Sonja M. van Leeuwen ◽  
John K. Pinnegar ◽  
Hua-Liang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Community ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Community Size

scholarly journals Redundancy in metrics describing the composition, structure, and functioning of the North Sea demersal fish community

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon P. R. Greenstreet ◽  
Helen M. Fraser ◽  
Stuart I. Rogers ◽  
Verena M. Trenkel ◽  
Stephen D. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Demersal Fish ◽  
Community Size ◽  
The North ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
And Function

Abstract Greenstreet, S. P. R., Fraser, H. M., Rogers, S. I., Trenkel, V. M., Simpson, S. D., and Pinnegar, J. K. 2012. Redundancy in metrics describing the composition, structure, and functioning of the North Sea demersal fish community. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 8–22. Broader ecosystem management objectives for North Sea demersal fish currently focus on restoring community size structure. However, most policy drivers explicitly concentrate on restoring and conserving biodiversity, and it has not yet been established that simply restoring demersal fish size composition will be sufficient to reverse declines in biodiversity and ensure a generally healthy community. If different aspects of community composition, structure, and function vary independently, then to monitor all aspects of community general health will require application of a suite of metrics. This assumes low redundancy among the metrics used in any such suite and implies that addressing biodiversity issues specifically will require explicit management objectives for particular biodiversity metrics. This issue of metric redundancy is addressed, and 15 metrics covering five main attributes of community composition, structure, and function are applied to groundfish survey data. Factor analysis suggested a new interpretation of the metric information and indicated that a minimum suite of seven metrics was necessary to ensure that all changes in the general health of the North Sea demersal fish community were monitored properly. Covariance among size-based and species-diversity metrics was low, implying that restoration of community size structure would not necessarily reverse declines in species diversity.

Effects of Certain Subject Variables on Stanford-Binet Item Performance of Five-Year-Old Children

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 975-984
Author(s):  
Mary Juhan Larsen ◽  
Jerry C. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Single Variable ◽  
Community Size ◽  
Intelligence Level ◽  
Performance Differences ◽  
Subject Variables ◽  
Test Standardization

Item performance on the Stanford-Binet by a sample ( n = 289) of Georgia children (CA = 5) and by equivalent-aged children used in the test standardization was compared in terms of 5 subject variables: race, sex, socioeconomic status, intelligence level, and community size. The Georgia Sample's performance exceeded ( p < .01) the norm group's performance on 62% of the items. The five subject variables were associated with these differences: among levels of the variables, variations occurred in the presence and direction of item performance differences; generally, more than one subject variable influenced item performance. These data affirm that certain variables confound intelligence test performance and that norms based on a single variable, like race, do not eliminate test biases.

scholarly journals The effect of seasonal birth pulses on pathogen persistence in wild mammal populations

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1786) ◽  
pp. 20132962 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Peel ◽  
J. R. C. Pulliam ◽  
A. D. Luis ◽  
R. K. Plowright ◽  
T. J. O'Shea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Community Size ◽  
Closed Population ◽  
Birth Pulse ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Pathogen Persistence ◽  
Host Life ◽  
Parameter Ranges

The notion of a critical community size (CCS), or population size that is likely to result in long-term persistence of a communicable disease, has been developed based on the empirical observations of acute immunizing infections in human populations, and extended for use in wildlife populations. Seasonal birth pulses are frequently observed in wildlife and are expected to impact infection dynamics, yet their effect on pathogen persistence and CCS have not been considered. To investigate this issue theoretically, we use stochastic epidemiological models to ask how host life-history traits and infection parameters interact to determine pathogen persistence within a closed population. We fit seasonal birth pulse models to data from diverse mammalian species in order to identify realistic parameter ranges. When varying the synchrony of the birth pulse with all other parameters being constant, our model predicted that the CCS can vary by more than two orders of magnitude. Tighter birth pulses tended to drive pathogen extinction by creating large amplitude oscillations in prevalence, especially with high demographic turnover and short infectious periods. Parameters affecting the relative timing of the epidemic and birth pulse peaks determined the intensity and direction of the effect of pre-existing immunity in the population on the pathogen's ability to persist beyond the initial epidemic following its introduction.

scholarly journals Market access and community size influence pastoral management of native and exotic livestock species: A case study in communities of the Cordillera Real in Bolivia's high Andean wetlands

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. e0189409
Author(s):  
Quentin Struelens ◽  
Karina Gonzales Pomar ◽  
Susi Loza Herrera ◽  
Gaby Nina Huanca ◽  
Olivier Dangles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Market Access ◽  
Community Size ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Pastoral Management ◽  
Cordillera Real

scholarly journals A networked voting rule for democratic representation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 172265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis R. Hernández ◽  
Carlos Gracia-Lázaro ◽  
Edgardo Brigatti ◽  
Yamir Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
General Relation ◽  
Community Size ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Voting Rule ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
High Connectivity ◽  
Better Than

We introduce a general framework for exploring the problem of selecting a committee of representatives with the aim of studying a networked voting rule based on a decentralized large-scale platform, which can assure a strong accountability of the elected. The results of our simulations suggest that this algorithm-based approach is able to obtain a high representativeness for relatively small committees, performing even better than a classical voting rule based on a closed list of candidates. We show that a general relation between committee size and representatives exists in the form of an inverse square root law and that the normalized committee size approximately scales with the inverse of the community size, allowing the scalability to very large populations. These findings are not strongly influenced by the different networks used to describe the individuals’ interactions, except for the presence of few individuals with very high connectivity which can have a marginal negative effect in the committee selection process.

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