Faculty Opinions recommendation of Cytokeratins mediate epithelial innate defense through their antimicrobial properties.

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Soderholm ◽  
Åsa Keita
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Innate Defense

scholarly journals Cytokeratins mediate epithelial innate defense through their antimicrobial properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 122 (10) ◽  
pp. 3665-3677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie Tam ◽  
James J. Mun ◽  
David J. Evans ◽  
Suzanne M.J. Fleiszig
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Innate Defense

scholarly journals PACAP is a pathogen-inducible resident antimicrobial neuropeptide affording rapid and contextual molecular host defense of the brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. e1917623117
Author(s):  
Ernest Y. Lee ◽  
Liana C. Chan ◽  
Huiyuan Wang ◽  
Juelline Lieng ◽  
Mandy Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Immune Effector ◽  
Innate Defense ◽  
The Brain

Defense of the central nervous system (CNS) against infection must be accomplished without generation of potentially injurious immune cell-mediated or off-target inflammation which could impair key functions. As the CNS is an immune-privileged compartment, inducible innate defense mechanisms endogenous to the CNS likely play an essential role in this regard. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide known to regulate neurodevelopment, emotion, and certain stress responses. While PACAP is known to interact with the immune system, its significance in direct defense of brain or other tissues is not established. Here, we show that our machine-learning classifier can screen for immune activity in neuropeptides, and correctly identified PACAP as an antimicrobial neuropeptide in agreement with previous experimental work. Furthermore, synchrotron X-ray scattering, antimicrobial assays, and mechanistic fingerprinting provided precise insights into how PACAP exerts antimicrobial activities vs. pathogens via multiple and synergistic mechanisms, including dysregulation of membrane integrity and energetics and activation of cell death pathways. Importantly, resident PACAP is selectively induced up to 50-fold in the brain in mouse models of Staphylococcus aureus or Candida albicans infection in vivo, without inducing immune cell infiltration. We show differential PACAP induction even in various tissues outside the CNS, and how these observed patterns of induction are consistent with the antimicrobial efficacy of PACAP measured in conditions simulating specific physiologic contexts of those tissues. Phylogenetic analysis of PACAP revealed close conservation of predicted antimicrobial properties spanning primitive invertebrates to modern mammals. Together, these findings substantiate our hypothesis that PACAP is an ancient neuro-endocrine-immune effector that defends the CNS against infection while minimizing potentially injurious neuroinflammation.

scholarly journals Interactions of microorganisms with host mucins: a focus on Candida albicans

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Valle Arevalo ◽  
Clarissa J Nobile
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Innate Defense ◽  
Virulence Traits ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Biological Protection

ABSTRACT Mucus is an important host innate defense factor that lines most epithelial cell layers of the body and provides crucial physical and biological protection against pathogenic microorganisms. Mucins are the main glycoproteins of mucus that are responsible for interacting with microorganisms and are critical for the antimicrobial properties of mucus. The mechanisms by which microorganisms interact with mucins are poorly understood, especially in terms of fungi, and these interactions are continually evolving. Work in bacterial pathogens has shown that mucins inhibit bacterial virulence traits, including quorum sensing, toxin secretion and biofilm formation. Among the fungal clade, the common opportunistic human fungal pathogen and commensal Candida albicans engages in constant battle with the host innate immune system. This battle creates strong selective pressures for C. albicans to evolve in response to the host. Recent work in C. albicans found that mucins inhibit specific virulence traits, such as surface adherence, filamentation, biofilm formation and the production of secreted proteases. Here we review the current knowledge of microbial interactions with mucins, with a special emphasis on the interactions between C. albicans and mucins.

Antimicrobial properties of tannin extracts as animal feed

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Štumpf ◽  
G Hostnik ◽  
M Leitgeb ◽  
M Primožič ◽  
U Bren
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties

Synthesis and antimicrobial properties of oligomeric silsesquioxanes containing quaternized nitrogen atoms and hydroxyl groups in organic shell

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-194
Author(s):  
M.A. Gumenna ◽  
◽  
N.S. Klimenko ◽  
A.V. Stryutsky ◽  
D.M. Hodyna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Organic Shell

Disinfection of Fruits with Activated Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1864-1872
Author(s):  
Prof. Teodora P. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
High Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Lower Effect

The effect of ionized aqueous solutions (anolytes and catholyte) in the processing of fruits (cherries, morellos, and strawberries) for decontamination has been tested. Freshly prepared analytes and catholyte without the addition of salts were used, as well as stored for 7 months anolytes, prepared with 0.5% NaCl and a combination of 0.5% NaCl and 0.5% Na2CO3. The anolyte prepared with a combination of 0.5% NaCl and 0.5% Na2CO3, as well as the anolyte obtained with 0.5% NaCl, exhibit high antimicrobial activity against the surface microflora of strawberries, cherries, and sour cherries. They inactivate E. coli for 15 minutes. The other species of the fam. Enterobacteriaceae were also affected to the maximum extent, as is the total number of microorganisms, especially in cherries and sour cherries. Even stored for 7 months, they largely retain their antimicrobial properties. Anolyte and catholyte, obtained without the addition of salts, showed a lower effect on the total number of microorganisms, but had a significant effect on Gram-negative bacteria, and especially with regard to the sanitary indicative E. coli.

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