Faculty Opinions recommendation of Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors for Long-Term Cognitive Impairment After Critical Illness: A Systematic Review.

Evidence from dozens of studies of thousands of individuals suggest that as many as half of critical illness survivors experience significant deficits in memory, executive functioning, attention, and processing speed that persist years after discharge from the intensive care unit (ICU). This chapter reviews the prevalence, characteristics, possible mechanisms, and risk factors for long-term cognitive impairment after critical illness. Some key risks factors—notably, delirium—may be modifiable, whereas others, such as genetic markers, are not. Cognitive impairments are associated with psychiatric disorders, including depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The impact of critical illness–related cognitive impairment on individuals and society includes financial costs, inability to return to work, impairments in instrumental activities of daily living (financial management, medication management, shopping, home care), reduced quality of life, and caregiver burden. Efforts need to be directed not only at modifying risk factors but also at attempting to prevent, treat, and remediate deficits.

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Predicting attrition in long-term residential substance use disorder treatment: A modifiable risk factors perspective.

Psychological Services ◽

10.1037/ser0000333 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 472-482

Author(s):

Danielle E. Baker ◽

Keith A. Edmonds ◽

Maegan L. Calvert ◽

Sarah M. Sanders ◽

Ana J. Bridges ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Modifiable Risk Factors ◽

Substance Use Disorder Treatment ◽

Disorder Treatment

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Delirium as a predictor of long-term cognitive impairment in survivors of critical illness.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.4009956.3772054 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Herwig Gerlach

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Critical Illness

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A systematic review on the association between total and cardiopulmonary mortality/morbidity or cardiovascular risk factors with long-term exposure to increased or decreased ambient temperature

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145383 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 772 ◽

pp. 145383

Author(s):

Sofia Zafeiratou ◽

Evangelia Samoli ◽

Konstantina Dimakopoulou ◽

Sophia Rodopoulou ◽

Antonis Analitis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors

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Clinical phenotypes of delirium during critical illness and severity of subsequent long-term cognitive impairment: a prospective cohort study

The Lancet Respiratory Medicine ◽

10.1016/s2213-2600(18)30062-6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 213-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 93

Author(s):

Timothy D Girard ◽

Jennifer L Thompson ◽

Pratik P Pandharipande ◽

Nathan E Brummel ◽

James C Jackson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Critical Illness ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Clinical Phenotypes

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A comparison of the prevalence of and modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment among community-dwelling Canadian seniors over two decades, 1991–2009

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0242911 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0242911

Author(s):

Batholomew Chireh ◽

Carl D’Arcy

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Canadian Community Health Survey ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Health Concern ◽

Population Census ◽

Modifiable Risk Factors ◽

Canadian Population

Background The prevalence of cognitive impairment or dementia is of public health concern globally. Accurate estimates of this debilitating condition are needed for future public health policy planning. In this study, we estimate prevalence and modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment by sex over approximately 16 years. Methods Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) baseline data conducted between 1991–1992 were used to measure the prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia among adults aged 65+ years. The standard Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) was used for the screening test for cognitive impairment. We compared the CSHA data with Canadian Community Health Survey–Healthy Aging (CCHS-HA) conducted between 2008–2009. The CCHS-HA used a four-dimension cognitive module to screen for cognitive impairment. Only survey community-dwelling respondents were included in the final sample. After applying exclusion criteria, final samples of (N = 8504) respondents in the CSHA sample and (N = 7764) respondents for CCHS–HA sample were analyzed. To account for changes in the age structure of the Canadian population, prevalence estimates were calculated using age-sex standardization to the 2001 population census of Canada. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine predictors of cognitive impairment. A sex stratified analysis was used to examine risk factors for cognitive impairment in the survey samples. Results We found that prevalence of cognitive impairment among respondents in CSHA sample was 15.5% in 1991 while a prevalence of 10.8% was reported in the CCHS–HA sample in 2009, a 4.7% reduction [15.5% (CI = 14.8–16.3), CSHA vs 10.8% (CI = 10.1–11.5), CCHS–HA]. Men reported higher prevalence of cognitive impairment in CSHA study (16.0%) while women reported higher prevalence of cognitive impairment in CCHS–HA (11.6%). In the multivariable analyses, risk factors such as age, poor self-rated health, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and hearing problems were common to both cohorts. Sex differences in risk factors were also noted. Conclusions This study provides suggestive evidence of a potential reduction in the occurrence of cognitive impairment among community-dwelling Canadian seniors despite the aging of the Canadian population. The moderating roles of improved prevention and treatment of vascular morbidity and improvements in the levels of education of the Canadian population are possible explanations for this decrease in the cognitive impairment.

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