Faculty Opinions recommendation of Synchronization in singing duo performances: the roles of visual contact and leadership instruction.

Abstract Social isolation can increase distress in goats, particularly when they cannot maintain visual contact with conspecifics. This experiment was conducted to determine the behavioral and physiological responses in goats during isolation with or without visual contact with conspecifics. Male Spanish goats (uncastrated, 8-mo old, average weight 29.4 ± 0.59 kg) were randomly assigned to a control (CO) group with no isolation or to one of four isolation treatment (TRT) pens (1.5 × 1.5 m) with: (1) open grill panels but with no visual contact with conspecifics (IO), (2) covered grill to prevent visual contact (IC), (3) open grill with visual contact (IV), or (3) covered grill with a 30 × 30 cm window to allow visual contact (IW) for 90 min of social isolation (n = 12 goats/TRT). Blood samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, and 90 min (Time) from isolated and control goats. The experiment was repeated one week later using the same animals, with each goat being subjected to the same isolation treatment the second time to study the effect of prior exposure to isolation. Friedman’s Two-Way ANOVA by Ranks Test in SAS showed that the median frequency of vocalization (rank score) in goats was high in IO group, low in IV and IW groups, and intermediate in IC group (P < 0.01). Vocalization rank score was also higher (P < 0.01) during the first 30 min of isolation in goats. Median frequency of visual contact was higher in the IW group than in the IV group (P < 0.01). Frequency of climbing behavior was high in IC and IO groups, low in IV group, and intermediate in IW group (P < 0.01). Repeated Measures Analysis using GLM procedures in SAS revealed that plasma cortisol and glucose concentrations tended (P < 0.1) to be the highest in IO group than in CO, IC, IV, and IW groups. Cortisol levels were also higher (Time; P < 0.05) at 0 and 90 min compared to 30 and 60 min. Norepinephrine concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) with Time, and plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels were affected by TRT × Time interaction (P < 0.01). Overall, epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucose, and NEFA concentrations were lower (P < 0.01) and cortisol concentrations and lymphocyte counts higher (P < 0.01) when goats were exposed to isolation the second time. The results showed that goats with no visual contact with conspecifics during social isolation had greater physiological stress responses and spent more time vocalizing or trying to escape the pen, which may indicate distress.

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How Do Patients Want Us to Use the Computer During Medical Encounters?—A Discrete Choice Experiment Study

Journal of General Internal Medicine ◽

10.1007/s11606-021-06753-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cédric Lanier ◽

Melissa Dominicé Dao ◽

Dave Baer ◽

Dagmar M. Haller ◽

Johanna Sommer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Discrete Choice Experiment ◽

Discrete Choice ◽

Choice Experiment ◽

Primary Care Physicians ◽

Skills Training ◽

Experiment Study ◽

Visual Contact ◽

Patient Centered ◽

Clinical Communication ◽

French Speaking

Abstract Background Primary care physicians (PCPs) now widely use electronic health records (EHRs) during medical encounters. Experts in clinical communication issued recommendations for a patient-centered use of EHRs. However, they have never been validated by patients themselves. Objective To explore patients’ preferences regarding physicians’ EHR-related behaviors. Design Discrete choice experiment study. Patients French-speaking patients waiting for a medical consultation at two outpatient clinics in Geneva, Switzerland. Main Measures We invited patients to watch videos displaying 2 or 3 variations of four specific EHR-related behaviors and asked them to indicate which one they preferred. EHR-related behaviors were (1) typing: continuous/intermittent/handwriting in biomedical or psychosocial focused consultations; (2) maintaining contact while typing: visual/verbal/both; (3) signposting the use of EHR: with/without; (4) position of physicians’ hands and bust: on the keyboard and towards the patient/away from the keyboard and towards the patient/on the keyboard and towards the screen. Key Results Three hundred thirty-six patients participated (response rate 61.4%). They preferred intermittent typing versus handwriting or continuous typing for biomedical issues (32.7%; 95% CI: 26.0–40.2% vs 31.6%; 95% CI: 24.9–39.0% or 14.9%; 95% CI: 10.2–21.1%) and psychosocial issues (38.7%; 95% CI: 31.6–46.3% vs 24.4% 95% CI: 18.4–31.5% or 17.9%; 95% CI; 12.7–24.4%). They favored visual and verbal contact (38.9%; 95% CI: 31.9–46.3%) over verbal (30.3%; 95% CI: 23.9–37.5%) or visual contact only (11.4%; 95% CI: 7.5–17.1%) while the doctor was typing. A majority preferred signposting the use of EHR versus no signposting (58.9%; 95% CI: 53.5–64.0% vs 34.8%; 95% CI: 29.9–40.1%). Finally, half of the patients (49.7%; 95% CI: 42.0–57.4%) favored the position with the physician’s bust towards the patient and hands away from the keyboard. Conclusions Our study shows that patients’ preferences regarding EHR-related behaviors are in line with most experts’ recommendations. Such recommendations should be more consistently integrated into under- and postgraduate communication skills training.

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Visual Contact with Humans and Condition in Domesticated Budgerigars

Avian Biology Research ◽

10.3184/175815509x12570987029270 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 221-228

Author(s):

Megan Price ◽

Alan Lill

Keyword(s):

Visual Contact

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Mocking Parades and the Place of Pagan Statuary in Late Antique Alexandria

Zeitschrift für Antikes Christentum / Journal of Ancient Christianity ◽

10.1515/zac-2020-0022 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 270-288

Author(s):

Jonathan Stutz

Keyword(s):

Public Space ◽

Urban Space ◽

Religious Communities ◽

Late Antique ◽

Mob Violence ◽

Visual Contact ◽

The Public ◽

Sacred Objects ◽

The One ◽

The City

AbstractWith the present paper I would like to discuss a particular form of procession which we may term mocking parades, a collective ritual aimed at ridiculing cultic objects from competing religious communities. The cases presented here are contextualized within incidents of pagan/Christian violence in Alexandria between the 4th and 5th centuries, entailing in one case the destruction of the Serapeum and in another the pillaging of the Isis shrine at Menouthis on the outskirts of Alexandria. As the literary accounts on these events suggest, such collective forms of mockery played an important role in the context of mob violence in general and of violence against sacred objects in particular. However, while historiographical and hagiographical sources from the period suggest that pagan statues underwent systematic destruction and mutilation, we can infer from the archaeological evidence a vast range of uses and re-adaptation of pagan statuary in the urban space, assuming among other functions that of decorating public spaces. I would like to build on the thesis that the parading of sacred images played a prominent role in the discourse on the value of pagan statuary in the public space. On the one hand, the statues carried through the streets became themselves objects of mockery and violence, involving the population of the city in a collective ritual of exorcism. On the other hand, the images paraded in the mocking parades could also become a means through which the urban space could become subject to new interpretations. Entering in visual contact with the still visible vestiges of the pagan past, with the temples and the statuary of the city, the “image of the city” became affected itself by the images paraded through the streets, as though to remind the inhabitants that the still-visible elements of Alexandria’s pagan topography now stood as defeated witnesses to Christianity’s victory.

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Intercommunity interactions and killings in central chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes troglodytes) from Loango National Park, Gabon

Primates ◽

10.1007/s10329-021-00921-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Laura Martínez-Íñigo ◽

Pauline Baas ◽

Harmonie Klein ◽

Simone Pika ◽

Tobias Deschner

Keyword(s):

Pan Troglodytes ◽

National Park ◽

Camera Traps ◽

Encounter Rate ◽

Visual Contact ◽

Intergroup Interactions ◽

Killing Rate ◽

The Core ◽

Pan Troglodytes Troglodytes

AbstractIntercommunity competition in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) has been widely studied in eastern (P. t. schweinfurthii) and western (P. t. verus) communities. Both subspecies show hostility towards neighboring communities but differ in rates of lethal attacks and female involvement. However, relatively little is known about the territorial behavior of the two other subspecies, central (P. t. troglodytes) and Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees (P. t. ellioti). Here, we present the first insights into intercommunity interactions of individuals of a community of central chimpanzees living in the Loango National Park in Gabon. The presence of individuals of neighboring communities in the Rekambo home range was assessed using 27 camera traps. Information was compiled on intergroup interactions recorded before (2005–2016) and after (January 2017–June 2019) the habituation of the community. Individuals from neighboring communities entered the core area, where nine out of 16 recorded intercommunity encounters occurred. Males were the main participants in territorial patrols and intercommunity aggressions. Females were part of all six territorial patrols recorded and dependent offspring participated in five patrols. Females were involved in intercommunity aggression in five out of twelve recorded encounters in which there was visual contact between communities. While the intercommunity encounter rate was lower than that reported across most other long-term chimpanzee sites, the annual intercommunity killing rate was among the highest. These results suggest that the frequency of lethal attacks at Loango is comparable to that reported for the eastern subspecies. In contrast, female involvement in intercommunity interactions mirrors that of the western subspecies.

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9. Application and Use of the Simplified Sign System with Persons with Disabilities

Simplified Signs ◽

10.11647/obp.0205.09 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 311-346

Author(s):

John D. Bonvillian ◽

Nicole Kissane Lee ◽

Tracy T. Dooley ◽

Filip T. Loncke

Keyword(s):

Contextual Information ◽

Primary User ◽

Learning Goals ◽

Visual Contact ◽

Persons With Disabilities ◽

Group Activities ◽

Target Populations ◽

Sign System ◽

Key Word ◽

Communication Practices

In Chapter 9, various approaches to teaching signs to non-speaking or minimally verbal persons are examined, including general exposure, an incidental or milieu approach, games and group activities, and specific training sessions. Learning goals are identified not only for the main or primary user of the system, but also for that person’s communication partners (family members, caregivers, friends) and persons in the wider environment. Guidelines for using the Simplified Sign System with the target populations are provided in order to establish good and consistent communication practices that will help to maximize users’ success with the system. Such guidelines or strategies include ensuring a positive signing environment, establishing visual contact, using key word signing, accepting errors in sign formation from the main user, rewarding progress, using facial expressions and environmental cues or contextual information to enhance vocabulary acquisition, and adapting the rate and frequency of signing. Finally, the authors anticipate and address many of the questions or concerns that teachers or caregivers may have as they embark on a program of using Simplified Signs.

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The Use of LEDBased Digital Optical Ministicks as MultiFunctional Controls for Unified HumanMachine Interfaces

Light & Engineering ◽

10.33383/2018-053 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 188-193

Author(s):

Sergey A. Golubin ◽

Vladimir S. Nikitin ◽

Roman B. Belov

Keyword(s):

Remote Control ◽

Degrees Of Freedom ◽

Light Emitting Diodes ◽

System Control ◽

Visual Contact ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Comparison Results ◽

New Type ◽

Scientific Task ◽

Control Devices

The active development of robotics requires increasingly complex remote control devices. The remote control devices are increasingly large, complex, and expensive. They decrease economic efficiency of robotics and increase their price. The scientific task is the research into possibility of applying optical ministicks on the basis of light emitting diodes as the new type basic multifunctional controls of unified humanmachine interfaces allowing us to control commonly known robotic equipment types using identical devices. During the research original ergonomic methods of purposeful combination of two ministicks on two actuating levers were used so that to provide convenience of tactile control of various robots without visual contact with controls. As a result of the research, new controls were created and patented. They became known as “polyjoysticks” (patent of Russian Federation No. 2497177) and allow controlling engineering facilities having up to 20 degrees of freedom which exceeds the similar parameters of known controls by factor of 3 to 5. Due to combined use of optical ministicks, two polyjoysticks and a video mask, a new generalpurpose generation humanmachine interface was created. It allows controlling various robots and vehicles, from tractor to aircraft. The discussion of the obtained results was carried out by comparing them with parameters of control panels of different robotics systems. The analysis of the comparison results has shown that the controls based on polyjoysticks and digital optical ministicks on the basis of light emitting diodes have the best indices in terms of implemented among known control devices, in terms of ratio of functionality to weight and volume of the devices. New interfaces have already been applied for developing multiagent robotic system control system for fire forest extinguishing.

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Mobile Visual Communication

Nordicom Review ◽

10.1515/nor-2017-0200 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 49-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Mikko Villi

Keyword(s):

Mobile Phones ◽

Visual Communication ◽

Cellular Phone ◽

Camera Phone ◽

Visual Contact ◽

Mobile Cellular ◽

Camera Phones ◽

Potential Part ◽

Personal Photography

Abstract In this article I will elucidate the concept of photo messaging, and examine camera phones in the context of communication and photography. Camera functions are nowadays a popular add-on to the mobile (cellular) phone. Users can send photographs directly from the phone as photo messages. Findings suggest that the ubiquitous camera phone, and photo messaging, may substantially change the ways in which people use personal photography. The imaging capacity of mobile phones is becoming a potential part of perpetual visual contact. Thus taking and sending photographs on a camera phone represents a new resource for visual communication.

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