Faculty Opinions recommendation of Common causes of hair loss - clinical manifestations, trichoscopy and therapy.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Grimalt ◽  
Aseem Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Common Causes

Carbon monoxide: mechanism of toxic action, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of acute intoxication

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
A. N. Grebenyuk ◽  
V. N. Bykov
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Toxic Action ◽  
Acute Intoxication ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase

Introduction. Carbon monoxide (CO) remains one of the most common causes of acute poisoning and death, both in everyday life and in emergency situations, especially in fires.Material and methods. The paper summarizes information about the regulatory effects, mechanisms of toxic action, pathogenesis and clinical picture of intoxication, as well as predictors of the severity of CO poisoning.Results. The main mechanism of the toxic effect of CO is due to its ability to bind to the protohemal iron of hemoglobin (Hb) to form carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO). The toxicity of CO may also be enhanced by impaired functions of the myoglobin of the myocardium and skeletal muscles, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase, and iron-containing enzymes of the antioxidant system. The leading link in the pathogenesis of acute CO intoxication is a violation of the oxygen transport function of hemoglobin and the associated development of hemic and tissue hypoxia. CO-induced cell and tissue damage due to the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, free radical hyperproduction, lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and apoptosis also play a role in the pathogenesis of intoxication.Conclusion. The mechanism of toxic action of CO, associated primarily with the formation of carboxyhemoglobin and the development of hypoxia, determines the clinical manifestations of acute intoxication, which depend on the concentration of CO and the duration of exposure, but are almost always associated with the central nervous system and cardiovascular system.

scholarly journals A foodborne norovirus outbreak among the film crew in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Serbia

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
Mirjana Strbac ◽  
Mioljub Ristic
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Environmental Investigation ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The World ◽  
Autonomous Province

Introduction. Norovirus is one of the most common causes of acute gastroenteritis in the world. The aim of this study was to describe characteristics of an outbreak of norovirus infection and present all the steps of an outbreak investigation. Material and Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among all individuals who ate food from the same restaurant. All the exposed persons filled out an adapted questionnaire that is routinely used in patients with food poisoning. Results. This paper presents a norovirus outbreak among film crew members and measures taken to control the epidemic. Gastroenteritis was diagnosed in 20 exposed persons. In most patients, symptoms lasted 1 - 3 days, and every third patient sought medical attention. The predominant clinical manifestations were vomiting and diarrhea. The food that probably caused the infection were sandwiches with ham, cheese and lettuce and microbiological analysis confirmed that the outbreak was caused by norovirus. Conclusion. Although the source of this outbreak remains unclear, the results of environmental investigation of the restaurant showed several irregularities in the kitchen that may have caused norovirus transmission.

Platelet Function Disorders

2017 ◽  
pp. 117-137
Author(s):  
Zubair A. Karim ◽  
Fadi T. Khasawneh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Platelet Function Disorders ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Adp Receptor

Platelets play an important role in thrombosis and hemostasis. Moreover, platelet dysfunction due to congenital and acquired etiologies is also one of the most common causes of bleeding encountered in clinical practice. Mostly, platelet function disorders are deficiencies of glycoprotein mediators of adhesion and aggregation, whereas defects of primary receptors for stimuli include those of the P2Y12 ADP receptor. Studies on inherited defects of (1) secretion for storage organelles (dense and alpha-granules), (2) the platelet cytoskeleton, and (3) the generation of pro-coagulant activity have allowed for the identification of genes directly and/or indirectly controlling specific functional responses. This chapter will review recent advances in the molecular characterization of platelet function defects, the spectrum of clinical manifestations of these disorders and their management.

Anaphylaxis in the OR—Causes, Recognition, and Treatment

2018 ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
Surangama Sharma ◽  
Lovkesh Arora
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Anaphylaxis in the operating room is a life-threatening condition that can evolve rapidly. As an anesthesiologist, it is important to understand the pathophysiology, diagnose the condition, recognize the inciting agent/agents, and manage it appropriately. It is equally important to confirm the diagnosis for preventing a catastrophic event from happening in future. This chapter defines anaphylaxis, discusses the clinical manifestations and most common causes, and describes ways it can be diagnosed. It also considers treatment and preventative measures. The chapter uses a case study of a 55-year-old female, weighing 85 kg and a body mass index of 36 with no other known comorbidities, who is scheduled to undergo elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

scholarly journals Homozygous mutations in DZIP1 can induce asthenoteratospermia with severe MMAF

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingrong Lv ◽  
Wangjie Liu ◽  
Wangfei Chi ◽  
Xiaoqing Ni ◽  
Jiajia Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Pathogenic Genes ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Exome Aggregation Consortium ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Deleted In Azoospermia ◽  
The Common

BackgroundAsthenoteratospermia, one of the most common causes for male infertility, often presents with defective sperm heads and/or flagella. Multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) is one of the common clinical manifestations of asthenoteratospermia. Variants in several genes including DNAH1, CEP135, CATSPER2 and SUN5 are involved in the genetic pathogenesis of asthenoteratospermia. However, more than half of the asthenoteratospermia cases cannot be explained by the known pathogenic genes.Methods and resultsTwo asthenoteratospermia-affected men with severe MMAF (absent flagella in >90% spermatozoa) from consanguineous families were subjected to whole-exome sequencing. The first proband had a homozygous missense mutation c.188G>A (p.Arg63Gln) of DZIP1 and the second proband had a homozygous stop-gain mutation c.690T>G (p.Tyr230*). Both of the mutations were neither detected in the human population genome data (1000 Genomes Project, Exome Aggregation Consortium) nor in our own data of a cohort of 875 Han Chinese control populations. DZIP1 encodes a DAZ (a protein deleted in azoospermia) interacting protein, which was associated with centrosomes in mammalian cells. Immunofluorescence staining of the centriolar protein Centrin1 indicated that the spermatozoa of the proband presented with abnormal centrosomes, including no concentrated centriolar dot or more than two centriolar dots. HEK293T cells transfected with two DZIP1-mutated constructs showed reduced DZIP1 level or truncated DZIP1. The Dzip1-knockout mice, generated by the CRSIPR-Cas9, revealed consistent phenotypes of severe MMAF.ConclusionOur study strongly suggests that homozygous DZIP1 mutations can induce asthenoteratospermia with severe MMAF. The deficiency of DZIP1 induces sperm centrioles dysfunction and causes the absence of flagella.

scholarly journals Autoimmune encephalitis: a review of diagnosis and treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Almeida Dutra ◽  
Fabiano Abrantes ◽  
Fabio Fieni Toso ◽  
José Luiz Pedroso ◽  
Orlando Graziani Povoas Barsottini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Autonomic Disturbances

ABSTRACT Autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) is one of the most common causes of noninfectious encephalitis. It can be triggered by tumors, infections, or it may be cryptogenic. The neurological manifestations can be either acute or subacute and usually develop within six weeks. There are a variety of clinical manifestations including behavioral and psychiatric symptoms, autonomic disturbances, movement disorders, and seizures. We reviewed common forms of AIE and discuss their diagnostic approach and treatment.

scholarly journals Psoriatic Alopecia in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wimolsiri Iamsumang ◽  
Tueboon Sriphojanart ◽  
Poonkiat Suchonwanit
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Female Patient ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Scalp Hair ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Scalp Psoriasis ◽  
Histopathologic Findings

Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent, and relatively common inflammatory dermatologic condition, which demonstrates various clinical manifestations including hair loss. It was once believed that alopecia was not a presentation of scalp psoriasis, but it is now widely accepted that psoriatic alopecia exists. Although the majority of patients get hair regrowth, it can potentially lead to permanent hair loss. Herein, we report a case of 26-year-old female patient with systemic lupus erythematosus who presented with scalp hair loss and nonpruritic scaly plaques on the scalp. Her clinical presentation, dermoscopic, and histopathologic findings were consistent with psoriatic alopecia. Additionally, we also described a novel scalp dermoscopic pattern of “patchy dotted vessels” which we detected in the lesion of scalp psoriasis.

scholarly journals Essential syphilitic alopecia: Non-scarring alopecia in 21-year-old man

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (e) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Hafssa Chehab ◽  
Bertrand Richert
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Secondary Syphilis ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT Alopecia syphilitica is a less common clinical manifestations of secondary syphilis. It is uncommon for hair loss to be the sole or predominant manifestation, as hair loss is the chief clinical and histologic differential diagnosis of. The main difference between alopecia areata and Alopecia syphilitica is the detection of Treponema pallidum in syphilis. We present the case of a 21- year-old belgium man with different patches of non-cicatricial alopecia of his scalp. The patient denied previous history of genital or other skin lesions. Laboratory evaluation was positive for syphilis. The diagnosis of alopecia syphilitica was made and he was treated with single intramuscular injections of benzathine penicillin. The lesions improved with treatment in all the patients who attended follow-up. Dermatologists should maintain a high level of clinical suspicion for this uncommon manifestation of syphilis, particularly when it is the only symptom.

scholarly journals 716A study of clinical and trichoscopic evaluation of diffuse hair loss in adult females

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Sahu ◽  
C.M. Pandey ◽  
Shibani Bhatia
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Holistic Management ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Female Pattern Hair Loss ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Iron Profile

Abstract Background Hair fall is a major concern to the patient leading to angst, psychological distress and decrease in quality of life style, more so in female. The aim of the study is to evaluate diffuse hair loss (DHL) in adult females & find the underlying causes. Methods This was an observational, prospective time bound hospital-based study including clinical and trichoscopic evaluation of DHL in women. 222 adult women who had DHL of 4 or more weeks were studied. Detailed history was taken and clinical examination was performed. Laboratory investigations like Hb, Iron Profile, Thyroid Panel was also noted. Trichogram, trichoscopy was performed for perfect visualization of hairs. Results Among the subjects, 95 women were diagnosed as having female pattern hair loss (FPHL), 89 as telogen effluvium, 24 as chronic telogen effluvium (CTE) while 14 had FPHL and TE both. Mean age of females was 33.92 ± 5.46 years. Majority, 145 (65.3%) of the patients were in the age group of 31-40 years. Stress (18%) and PCOD (15%) were the most common precipitating factors. Majority (75.3 %) females with TE have positive hair pull test. Brown peripilar sign (PPS) and white PPS was present in 15.8% and 8.1% women respectively. Conclusions The common causes for DHL are FPHL, TE, CTE and FPHL with TE. Key messages Along with definitive treatment, understanding of the cause of hair loss by the patient goes a long way in appropriate beneficial lifestyle modification and holistic management.

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