scholarly journals Changes in the Quality Parameters of Wheat Samples of 16% Moisture Content during Storage

2003 ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
Irma Győriné Mile
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Storage Test ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Moisture Contents

We have carried out storage experiments with wheat varieties Magvas, Fatima, Mv Emma and Mv Pálma from the 2001 growth year. During the first half of the experiments quality parameters, such as changes in moisture, protein and gluten contents as well as pharinograph readings, falling numbers and sedimentation indices were analysed and tested at an average initial moisture content of 13%.The findings in the changes in the quality parameters of different wheat varieties with 13% moisture content as a function of storage time duration were published in an earlier paper of mine (12/04/2002).This paper wishes to give an account of the second part of the storage test when the moisture contents of the different varieties were raised to 16% and the changes in the quality parameters were monitored for seven weeks. The findings show that contrary to what had been experienced in the first half of the trial, there were no changes in the protein contents, pharinograph readings, water uptake or Zeleny counts and falling numbers showed decreases with each of the varieties tested.

Stability of Thiamine and Riboflavin During Extrusion Processing of Triticale

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. BEETNER ◽  
T. TSAO ◽  
A. FREY ◽  
K. LORENZ
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Final Moisture Content ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Extrusion Processing ◽  
Nozzle Size ◽  
The Relationship

Triticale kernels were extruded using a Brabender Plasticorder extruder with ¾-inch rifled barrel and 1:1 flight depth ratio screw. Whole grain samples were extruded at initial moisture contents of 15, 20, and 25%. Debranned samples were extruded at an initial moisture content of 22%. Barrel temperatures of 350, 400, and 450 F and nozzle openings of 1/8 inch and 1/16 inch were used. The products were analyzed for thiamine and riboflavin content. Results were corrected for final moisture content and expressed as fraction retained. A multiple regression was done to determine the relationship between independent and derived variables, and the retention. Riboflavin retention was correlated simply as a function of barrel temperature. Thiamine retention of the debranned material was correlated as a function of nozzle size and barrel temperature. Thiamine retention of the whole grain samples was correlated for nozzle size, first and second order temperature effects, and confounding between nozzle size and temperature.

scholarly journals Effect of Stored Humidity and Initial Moisture Content on the Qualities and Mycotoxin Levels of Maize Germ and Its Processing Products

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
Yun-qi Wen ◽  
Li-li Xu ◽  
Chang-hu Xue ◽  
Xiao-ming Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Maize Germ

With high fat and protein content, maize germ is easily infected with fungus and mycotoxins during its storage. The qualities and safety of germ and its processing products may be affected by the storage. However, studies on the effect of storage on quality and polluted mycotoxin level of maize germ are limited. In this study, maize germ was stored with different initial moisture contents (5.03, 9.07, 11.82 and 17.97%) or at different relative humidity (75, 85 and 95%) for 30 days. The quality indices of germ (moisture content and crude fat content) and their produced germ oils (color, acid value and peroxide value) as well as the zearalenone (ZEN) and deoxynivalenol (DON) levels of germ, oils and meals were analyzed. Results showed that maize germ with high initial moisture contents (11.82, 17.97%) or kept at high humidity (95%) became badly moldy at the end of storage. Meanwhile, the qualities of these germ and oils showed great changes. However, the ZEN and DON contents of this maize germ, oils and meals stayed at similar levels (p < 0.05). Therefore, the storage could produce influence on the qualities of germ and oils, but showed limited effect on the DON and ZEN levels of germ and their processing products. According to this study, the storage condition of germ with no more than 9% moisture content and no higher than 75% humidity was recommended. This study would be benefit for the control of germ qualities and safety during its storage.

scholarly journals Forma e tamanho de grãos de soja para diversos teores de água

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2821
Author(s):  
Wilker Alves Morais ◽  
Osvaldo Resende ◽  
Fernando Nobre Cunha ◽  
Vitor Marques Vidal ◽  
Nelmício Furtado da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Volumetric Shrinkage ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Grain Moisture

Physical properties of soybean grains present differences as a function of cultivars and moisture content, with the correlation between physical properties. This study aimed to determine the characteristics related to the physical properties of grains with different moisture contents of three soybean cultivars. The experimental design was completely randomized design in a 3 × 6 factorial scheme with three replications, consisting of three soybean cultivars (6266 RSF IPRO, BMX Potência RR, and 14403Z6001) and six grain moisture contents (11, 13, 15, 17, 19, and 21% wb). Soybean grains presented an initial moisture content of 11.0, 11.0, and 10.8% wb, respectively for 6266 RSF IPRO, BMX Potência RR, and 14403Z6001. The other moisture contents were obtained by soaking in a BOD chamber maintained at 25 °C and 93% of relative humidity. We assessed volume, roundness, sphericity, surface area, volumetric shrinkage, and volumetric shrinkage rate. The data were submitted to the analysis of variance by the F-test (p < 0.05) and when significant, regression analysis was performed for grain moisture contents and the means of cultivars were compared by the Tukey’s test. Pearson’s correlation analysis was also carried out to represent the linearity between grain physical properties. The cultivar BMX Potência RR obtained the highest results for volume, roundness, sphericity, and surface area. Volume and surface area increased as the moisture content of soybean grains increased; the opposite was observed for roundness and sphericity. A linear increase in volumetric shrinkage was observed as moisture content increased. The values of the correlation coefficients of the linear regression models can be used to describe the relationships between physical properties.

Comparison of Drying Characteristics of Green and Black Seedless Grapes using Hot Air Dryer

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Singh ◽  
K. S. Jairaj ◽  
K. Srikant
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Ethyl Oleate ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Drying Characteristics ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Air Dryer ◽  
Required Quality ◽  
Chimney Effect

Drying characteristics of Thompson seedless (Green) and Sharad seedless (Black) grapes were obtained using a simple laboratory scale hot air dryer. Grapes were dipped for three minutes in a solution prepared by adding 25 g Potassium carbonate and 15 mL Ethyl oleate to 1 liter of distilled water maintained at a temperature of 40°C. Grapes were dried using hot air at a temperature of 60°C and a flow rate of 0.82 mls created by chimney effect. Green grapes with an initial moisture content of 79.94 % required 19 hrs while Black grapes with an initial moisture content of 81.38 % required 27 hrs to reach a final moisture content of 18 % (wet basis). Drying rate constant value for Green grapes was 0.036505 h<sup>-1</sup> while that for Black grapes was 0.024793 h<sup>-1</sup> . Raisins produced from both variety grapes possessed all the required quality parameters acceptable in the international market.

scholarly journals Hydraulic Properties of Baled Switchgrass and Miscanthus

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 1145-1155
Author(s):  
Drew F. Schiavone ◽  
Michael D. Montross
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Variable Density ◽  
High Solids ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Infiltration Tests

Abstract. This study characterized the hydraulic properties within baled switchgrass ( L., variety Alamo) and miscanthus (×), thereby enabling a better understanding of moisture changes in baled biomass during on-farm storage and/or high-solids bioconversion. Fully saturated bales were drained by gravity, and the moisture content was determined over 60 h. The average initial moisture content ranged between 55.9% and 71.9% (w.b.) for switchgrass and between 60.5% and 73.9% (w.b.) for miscanthus bales depending on the dry bale density. As the bale drained by gravity, rapid leaching of water was observed within the first 0.1 h, with a reduction in moisture content of 7.3 and 7.0 percentage points (w.b.) for switchgrass and miscanthus, respectively. Leaching then continued at a steady rate until termination of the experiment, with further reductions of 4.3 and 4.4 percentage points (w.b.) for switchgrass and miscanthus, respectively. Final moisture contents after 60 h ranged from 45.8% to 58.3% for switchgrass and from 48.7% to 60% for miscanthus, with the higher moisture contents observed in the lowest density bales. Hydraulic conductivity tests were carried out with bales of switchgrass and miscanthus with a constant head system. The average saturated hydraulic conductivity ranged between 0.103 and 0.616 cm s-1 for baled switchgrass and between 0.219 and 0.658 cm s-1 for baled miscanthus depending on the bale density. The matric suction of baled switchgrass was also assessed at variable densities and moisture contents using the contact filter paper method. The van Genuchten parameters were found to range between 0.235 and 0.270 m-1 for a and between 5.415 and 10.345 for n, depending on the density. Infiltration tests were also carried out on baled switchgrass at variable densities and moisture contents using a minidisk infiltrometer. The curve-fitting parameters of Philip’s two-term equation ranged between 0.086 × 10-6 and 0.779 × 10-6 cm s-1 for C1 and between 0.200 and 5.805 × 10-6 cm s-1/2 for C2, depending on the density and moisture content. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity ranged between 0.019 and 0.272 cm s-1, while sorptivity ranged between 0.048 and 2.103 cm s-1/2, depending on the density and moisture content. These results provide data required to evaluate water flow through variable-density rectangular bales and indicate a potential to remove end-products of biomass conversion from baled biomass. Keywords: Biomass, Bioprocessing, Flushing, High solids.

Figure 1. Anmonia-binding capacity of the three litters under laboratory conditions. 4. LIQUID-BINDING CAPACITY The absorption capacity of the litter determines the amount used, and also affects the functioning of hydraulic manure presses. Hie absorption capacity of litter depends on its initial moisture content. In the laboratory tests , peat had a much greater absorption capacity than other litters. Peat absorbed a maximum of 4.5 times its own weight of liquid, straw 3.5 times, cutter shavings 3.6 times and sawdust 1.5 times (4). The litters used in the tests had an initial moisture content of 20%, with the exception of peat, which contained 40% moisture. These moisture contents represent the working values for good-quality litters. Peat was far superior in terms of absoption capacity to the other litters. Litter should retain its absorption capacity even when under pressure, for example in a hydraulic manure press. The ability of litters to withstand pressure was tested by first allowing than to absorb either water or urine. The litters were then compressed in a hydraulic press for one hour as the pressure was increased stepwise from 20 N/an2 to 50 N/an2. The pressure exerted by hydraulic manure presses in practice is around 40-60 N/cm2. All the retained urine better than water. Sawdust was found to have the greatest resistance to pressure, retaining about 75% of the absorbed

1986 ◽  
pp. 197-197
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Better Than

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS OF MAIZE GRAIN STORAGE ON THE CHANGES IN THE QUALITY PARAMETER “FALLING NUMBER”

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Borta ◽  
M. Zhelobkova
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Temperature Conditions ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Maize Grain

In recent decades, at Ukrainian farms and grain-processing enterprises, the technology of storing grain in silo bags has become widespread. In this type of storage, anaerobic conditions are created due to the physiological respiration process, which ensures extended shelf life of freshly harvested grain. This, in turn, allows the use of low-power processing equipment for post-harvest grain processing, which is especially important for wet and moist maize as it requires powerful grain dryers. The article presents the results of a study of the effect that the initial moisture content of maize grain, the temperature and the duration of its storage under anaerobic conditions have on the Falling Number, one of the quality parameters depending on the amylase activity of the grain. The object of the study was grain samples of freshly harvested (in 2017) dent maize, the hybrid DKC 3705, with the average moisture contents 14%, 21%, and 28%, stored under anaerobic conditions for 3 months at temperatures of +18°C, +11°C, and +4°C. The Falling Number was determined by the standardized Hagberg-Perten method on a ПЧП-7 instrument (“Falling Number Apparatus”). Based on the results obtained, histograms of the kinetics of Falling Number changes have been constructed, the analysis of which made it possible to establish patterns of the changes in the Falling Number depending on the moisture content of the grain and the duration of its storage at different temperatures. It has been shown that in the maize grain samples with the initial moisture content 14%, regardless of the temperature conditions during storage for 3 months, there is a steady tendency to a gradual decrease in the Falling Number. In the maize grain samples with the initial moisture content over 14%, at the beginning of storage, there is a period of an increase in the Falling Number, the intensity of which depends on the initial moisture content of the grain and the temperature conditions of its anaerobic storage. After the completion of post-harvest maturation processes in freshly harvested maize grain, its further storage leads to a decrease in the Falling Number. To summarize the experimental data, a nonlinear empirical equation is suggested to describe the patterns of changes in the Falling Number depending on the factors studied: the moisture content of maize grain, the temperature conditions and duration of storage. Considering that the value of the Falling Number is determined by the activity of the amylase complex of the grain, it can be used as an express method of monitoring the state of grain stored in silo bags.

scholarly journals Drying tea in a kilburn vibro fluid bed dryer

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Akhtaruzzaman ◽  
MR Ali ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MS Ahamed
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Fluidized Bed Dryer ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Fluid Bed ◽  
Fluidized Bed Drying ◽  
Drying Curve

The fluidized bed drying principles for drying of tea in Bangladesh is thoroughly studied. The experiments were conducted to determine the drying curve, drying time, drying constant and dynamic equilibrium moisture contents of tea at the Bangladesh Tea Research Institute. Drying of tea in a fluidized bed dryer (Kilburn Vibro Fluid Bed Dryer) takes only 20 min for drying from an initial moisture content of 69.1% to a final moisture content of 2.8%. Temperatures of drying air were recorded to be 130°C at the inlet and 90°C at the outlet. The drying constant was found to be 31.05 h-1 and the dynamic equilibrium moisture contents were in the range of 18.3 to 2.0%. Finally the principle of fluidized bed drying was compared with the principle of conventional endless chain pressure type drying. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v11i1.18227 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 11(1): 153-158, 2013

The effect of initial moisture content and infiltration quantity on redistribution of soil water

Soil Research ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Talsma
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Gravity Effects ◽  
Potential Gradients ◽  
Moisture Profiles

The effects of initial moisture content and infiltration quantity on redistribution of water were studied in a loam, a fine sand, and a coarse sand. Moisture profiles during redistribution were obtained by gamma ray attenuation. Measured values of the hydraulic properties of these soils were used to calculate fluxes at the transition from drainage to wetting. The results were used to check a recent analysis of Peck. Gravity effects dominated in both sands, while in the loam capillary effects dominated at the smaller initial moisture contents and infiltration quantities. In all materials, increasing initial moisture content or infiltration quantity increased the contribution of gravity to the flux at the transition, and decreased the contribution due to capillary potential gradients. For a particular material, it depends on the magnitude of these fluxes whether mean moisture contents in the draining zone will be higher or lower at increasing values of initial moisture content or infiltration quantity.

scholarly journals Physical properties of safflower grains. Part II: Volumetric shrinkage

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 350-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elton A. S. Martins ◽  
André L. D. Goneli ◽  
Alexandre A. Gonçalves ◽  
Cesar P. Hartmann Filho ◽  
Jerusa Rech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Initial Moisture Content ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Volumetric Shrinkage ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Forced Air ◽  
Air Circulation

ABSTRACT Agricultural products usually have their size reduced during the drying process. The quantification of the reduction in the dimensions is important for the development and optimization of equipment for the post-harvest of the product. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the variation in the moisture content during drying on the volumetric shrinkage of safflower grains and their respective axes. Safflower grains were harvested with an initial moisture content of approximately 0.445 decimal d.b. (dry basis) and subjected to drying in an oven with forced air circulation at 40 °C, until the grains reached a final moisture content of 0.073 ± 0.008 decimal d.b. During drying, the contraction of the axes, unit volumetric shrinkage and volumetric shrinkage of the mass of safflower grains were determined at different moisture contents. Based on these results, it can be concluded that reducing the moisture content causes a reduction in the axes of safflower grains and, consequently, reductions in the unit volumetric shrinkage and volumetric shrinkage of the mass of approximately 16 and 13%, respectively, and both variables can be represented by the linear shrinkage model.

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