scholarly journals Investigation of directions of crossing in maize (Zea mays L.)

2007 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Zoltán Bódi ◽  
Pél Pepó ◽  
András Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Side Branch ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Direct Cross ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Primary Lateral ◽  
Medium Correlation

In Hungary, we examined eight features of twelve direct cross hybrids over a period of three years. The twelve hybrids were derived from direct and reciprocal crosses of four parental lines. We did not find significant differences in the cases of stalk diameter and leaf number in the average of 3 years in any of the hybrids. Statistically explainable differences in primary branches were observed in hybrids UDH5 and UDH8 and also in UDH6 and UDH11. It was evident in both instances that degrees of heterosis in reciprocal crosses far exceeded those of direct ones. High tassel branch number was dominant over the low one; consequently, parents with higher tassel numbers enforced their effects during the formation of this trait in hybrids. We experienced positive correlation (r=0.67**) between plant height and main ear height. A positive correlation (r=0.89**) was also found between the tassel length of the main axis above the lowest and the upper side branch. We observed a medium correlation (r=-0.42**) between the number of primary lateral branches and plant height. The number of primary lateral branches showed the highest heterosis. These results can be utilized in practical selection and seed production.

Investigation on direct and reciprocal crosses in maize ( Zea mays L.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Z. Bódi ◽  
P. Pepó ◽  
A. Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Side Branch ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Stalk Diameter ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Medium Correlation

Seven traits of twelve hybrids derived from direct and reciprocal crosses of four parental lines were examined during three years in Hungary. No significant differences were found between the direct and reciprocal crosses for stalk diameter or leaf number over the average of three years in any of the hybrids. Significant differences in the number of primary tassel branches were observed between UDH5 and its reciprocal UDH8, and between UDH6 and its reciprocal UDH11. It was evident in both instances that the degree of heterosis in the reciprocal crosses far exceeded that in the direct ones. A high number of tassel branches was dominant over a low number, so this trait was preferentially inherited in the hybrids. A positive correlation was observed between plant height and main ear attachment height (r = 0.67**). A positive correlation (r = 0.89**) was also found between the length of the main tassel axis above the lowest and above the uppermost side-branch. A medium correlation was observed between the number of primary tassel branches and the plant height (r = −0.42**). The number of primary tassel branches exhibited the highest heterosis. These results can be utilized in practical selection and seed production.

scholarly journals Genetic Evaluation and Correlation Analysis Among Various Quantitative Traits in Maize Single-Cross Hybrids Under Diverse Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Fortunate Makore ◽  
Cosmos Magorokosho ◽  
Shorai Dari ◽  
Edmore Gasura ◽  
Upenyu Mazarura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Positive Direct

Genetic variation abundance, high genetic advance coupled with high heritability estimates presents the most suitable condition for selection. Ninety-five hybrids generated from elite and new inbred lines crossed using half diallel mating design were evaluated under diverse environments. The objectives were to estimate genetic variances, heritability of traits and genetic advance and to determine correlations of grain yield and its component characters in maize hybrids. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for all traits studied except for ear rots. Estimates of phenotypic coefficient of variation were slightly higher than genotypic coefficient of variation for all traits suggesting low influence of environment in the expression of these traits. High heritability and genetic estimates were recorded for grain yield (79%; 30.27%), plant height (85%; 102.42%) and ear height (86%; 117.15%) whilst high heritability and low genetic advance were observed for anthesis date (87%; 5.8%), texture (75%; 8%) and ear position (71%; 0.23%). Correlation between environments using grain yield data revealed existence of a very strong positive correlation between CIMMYT2 and RARS2 suggesting that the sites have the same discriminating effect. Correlation among traits revealed that grain yield had significant (P < 0.05) positive correlation with plant height and ear height. Similarly, plant height had significant and positive correlation with ear height while ear position was positively correlated to ear height. Path analysis showed that plant height, ears per plant and ear position had positive direct effects on grain, while anthesis date, ear height, ear position, grain moisture content at harvest and texture indirectly influenced grain yield. These characters’ contribution to grain yield is important and the strong association with grain yield implied that these can be used as secondary traits to indirectly select for grain yield performance in this set of germplasm across all the environments.

scholarly journals Azospirillum brasilense AND COMPOUND OF PHYTOHORMONES AS BIOSTIMULANTS IN JALO PRECOCE BEANS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e5974
Author(s):  
Allisson Sousa Moreira ◽  
Lucymara Merquides Contardi ◽  
Lucas Jandrey Camilo ◽  
Maria Gabriela Oliveira Andrade ◽  
Sebastião Ferreira Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Medium Correlation

Beans are one of the most important crops in Brazil but still have a low yield. The use of technologies such as the application of biostimulants can provide greater yield for the crop. Thus, the work aimed to evaluate the effect of using Azospirillum brasilense and phytohormones on Jalo Precoce beans. The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks with nine treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of a control, Stimulate (compound of phytohormones), and A. brasilense applied isolated or associated to the seeds or in a furrow. The plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry matter, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, the weight of grains per pod, and 100-grain weight were favored by A. brasilense and compound of phytohormones. The highest yield of Jalo Precoce beans (2218 kg ha-1) was obtained using the A. brasilense + phytohormone compound applied in the sowing furrow. The grain yield of Jalo Precoce beans showed a high positive correlation with the number of pods per plant and medium correlation with stem diameter and shoot dry matter.

INFLUENCE OF CYTOPLASMIC EFFECTS ON SOME AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS IN CORN

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. BAYNES ◽  
R. I. BRAWN
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Diallel Crosses ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Cytoplasmic Effects ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Natural Pollination ◽  
Field Plots

Diallel crosses involving eight inbred lines of corn were produced and the resultant single crosses were grown in field plots with reciprocal crosses placed in contiguous rows. All plants under observation were detasselled and natural pollination was permitted with one pollen source. Maturity-related characteristics, including days to midsilking, plant height, ear height, rate of ear moisture depletion, and ear moisture content at harvest, were recorded in the field. Differences between reciprocal crosses under these conditions were interpreted as being due to extra chromosomal influence. Of signal importance is the fact that no real differences were observed between reciprocals with regard to rate of ear moisture depletion; however, significant differences were noted for days to midsilking, ear and plant height, and ear moisture content at harvest.

scholarly journals Classification of rapeseed genotypes based on quantitative traits using multivariate techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-93
Author(s):  
Mirjana Jankulovska ◽  
Dragana Rajković ◽  
Dragana Miladinović ◽  
Sreten Terzić ◽  
Nada Grahovac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Novi Sad

The genetic variability of 13 rapeseed genotypes created in Serbia was assessed at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, in three consecutive years. The genotypes were evaluated and classified based on 10 quantitative traits (plant height, height to the first branch, stem width, number of lateral branches, number of leaves, number of pods, seed yield per plant, 1000 seed weight, oil content and protein content), using principal component analysis (PCA) and two-way cluster analysis. The first four PCs with eigenvalues >1 contributed to 83% of the total explained variance. The PC analysis revealed that plant height, height to the first branch, number of lateral branches and number of leaves contributed maximum to the total divergence of the material. The genotypes were classified in two main clusters: the first cluster comprised three genotypes, while the other genotypes belonged to the second cluster which can further be divided to two subclusters. One genotype was not classified in these two clusters. The selected genotypes that have desirable traits may be used in hybridization programs for improvement of seed yield and traits that contribute to seed yield most.

scholarly journals Combining abilities of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties

Genetika ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Ana Marjanovic-Jeromela ◽  
Radovan Marinkovic ◽  
Dragana Miladinovic
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Lateral Branch ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Combining Abilities ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Positive Heterosis

The global acreage under rapeseed increases steadily. Rapeseed is grown for oil for human consumption, feed and biodiesel production. For faster advances in breeding, it is necessary to know variability and combining ability of selection material i.e. modes of inheritance of certain traits. General (GCA) and specific combining abilities (SCA) of five rapeseed varieties as well as the mode of inheritance of plant height, height to the first lateral branch, number of lateral branches and seed yield per plant were analyzed in this paper. Positive heterosis for plant height was found in five cross combinations, for the height to the first lateral branch in two combinations and for the number of lateral branches in only one combination and for seed yield in three cross combinations. .

scholarly journals Inbreeding in two maize subpopulations selected for tassel size

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austeclinio L. de Farias Neto ◽  
José Branco de Miranda Filho
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Traits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Tassel Branch Number ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Selection For

The present work was based on the evaluation of full sib and S1 progenies from the maize (Zea mays L.) population ESALQ-PB1 after six cycles of divergent selection for tassel size. The following traits were analyzed: plant height , ear height, tassel branch number, tassel length, and tassel weight. For all traits, the experimental units were means of three plants per plot. Progenies were evaluated in eleven experiments (completely randomized blocks) with three replications in Piracicaba -- SP, Brazil. Means of inbred (m1) and non-inbred (m0) progenies were used to estimate inbreeding depression (I = m1 -- m0) and the contribution of homozygotes (mu0 + a*) and heterozygotes (d*) to the population mean. Considering the five traits under study, inbreeding depression varied from 1.9 to 15.9% but significance for that effect was detected only for plant height. Plant traits exhibited higher depression than tassel traits; and tassel branch number seems to be more sensitive to inbreeding than the other two tassel traits. Except for plant height, it was apparent that inbreeding depression was higher in the subpopulation negatively selected for tassel size (T--). Estimates of A = mu0 + a* and d* indicate a smaller effect of dominance deviations for all traits, as compared to the contribution of homozygotes. Significant variability among progenies was detected in most instances.

scholarly journals Quantitative variation in the tropical maize population, ESALQ-PB1

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Antonio da Costa Andrade ◽  
José Branco de Miranda Filho
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Branch Number ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Expected Gain ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
One Year

Good yield and intermediate plant height, ear height, and tassel size characterize the maize population ESALQ-PB1 as an outstanding breeding population. Estimates of genetic parameters are reported for 13 traits: plant height (PH), ear height (EH), ear placement (EP), tassel length (TL), tassel weight (TW), tassel branch number (TB), ear weight (EW), total grain weight (GW), ear length (EL), ear diameter (ED), kernel row number (RN), kernel number per row (KR) and prolificacy (PR). Results refer to one location and one year. Genetic variation was detected for all traits, and the estimates of the additive genetic variance are presented. The coefficients of heritability (individual basis) varied from 0.14 to 0.72 and were considered high for PH, EH and TB; intermediate for EP, TL, TW, EL, EP, ED and RN, and low for EW, GW, KR and PR. The coefficient of heritability (progeny mean basis) showed approximately the same trend and varied from 0.40 to 0.75. The highest expected gain from selection was for TB (27% per cycle) under mass selection and for TW (16.4%) under progeny selection; the lowest expected gain was for ED either for mass selection (1.9%) or progeny selection (2.9%). Additive correlation coefficients (rA) of 0.5<rA<0.6 were found for PH or EH and yield traits (EW and GW) and its components EL and KR, and 0.10<rA<0.44 for PH or EH and tassel traits. For the tassel traits the highest correlation was rA = 0.63 (TB.TW). EP was positively correlated with TB, TW, PH, EH and PR; and negatively correlated with ED and RN. The expected correlated responses in several traits after selection for GW, EH and TB are given.

QTL Identification for Plant Height and Ear Height Based on SNP Mapping in Maize (Zea mays L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
De-Bo ZHENG ◽  
Xiao-Hong YANG ◽  
Jian-Sheng LI ◽  
Jian-Bing YAN ◽  
Shi-Long ZHANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Snp Mapping ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Qtl Identification

Plant height and height of the main ear in maize (Zea mays L.) at different locations and different plant densities

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Gyenes-Hegyi ◽  
I. Pók ◽  
L. Kizmus ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Considerable Effect ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
The Best Approximation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Ear Height

The plant height and the height of the main ear were studied over two years in twelve single cross maize hybrids sown at three different plant densities (45, 65 and 85 thousand plants/ha) at five locations in Hungary (Keszthely, Gönc, Gyöngyös, Sopronhorpács, Martonvásár). The results revealed that plant height and the height of the main ear are important variety traits and are in close correlation with each other. It was found that the hybrids grew the tallest when the genetic distance between the parental components was greatest (Mv 4, Mv 5). The height of the main ear was also the greatest in these hybrids, and the degree of heterosis was highest (193% for plant height, 194% for the height of the main ear). The shortest hybrids were those developed between related lines (Mv 7, Mv 11). In this case the heterosis effect was the lowest for both plant height (128%) and the height of the main ear (144%). The ratio of the height of the main ear to the plant height was stable, showing little variation between the hybrids (37–44%). As maize is of tropical origin it grows best in a humid, warm, sunny climate. Among the locations tested, the Keszthely site gave the best approximation to these conditions, and it was here that the maize grew tallest. The dry, warm weather in Gyöngyös stunted the development of the plants, which were the shortest at this location. Plant density had an influence on the plant size. The plants were shortest when sown at a plant density of 45,000 plants/ha, and the main ears were situated the lowest in this case. At all the locations the plant and main ear height rose when the plant density was increased to 65,000 plants/ha. At two sites (Gönc and Sopronhorpács) the plants attained their maximum height at the greatest plant density (85,000 plants/ha). In Keszthely there was no significant difference between these two characters at plant densities of 65 and 85 thousand plants/ha, while in Gyöngyös and Martonvásár the greatest plant density led to a decrease in the plant and main ear height. The year had a considerable effect on the characters tested.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document