scholarly journals Estimation of the vine-shoot yield in the Gyöngyös district

2013 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Cecília Gonda
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Data ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Biomass Resource ◽  
Fuel Source ◽  
By Products

Every year, a significant amount of vineyard prunings is generated in Hungary. Instead of utilization them, it is burned directly on the field in spite of the limitations of legalization highly pollute the environment in recent decades. The vineyard pruning itself or with other by-products from pomology and forestry can be significant amount of fuel source. However, before the planning to utilization the essential task is to estimate the potential. This study examine that how many vineyard is generated in the micro-region of Gyöngyös in every year on appointed vineyard. In order to vine-branch potential calculate more accurate data was necessary so the products had to be determined for all plant. Thus, the biomass resource and the utilization become plannable. As the result of the experiment we can estimate that 1,5 t/ha vineyard pruning are generated. It means more than 9 thousand tons pruning in the micro-region of Gyöngyös. This amount can be convert into fuel source more than 150 thousand GJ heating value. The results evince that the vineyard pruning is important fuel source in every year in the micro-region of Gyöngyös. Further usage is suggested for other regions in other size.

scholarly journals ESTIMATIVA DA TEMPERATURA ADIABÁTICA DE CHAMA DA FORNALHA DE UMA CALDEIRA SIDERÚRGICA INDUSTRIAL

e-xacta ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Fabri Turetta ◽  
Andréa Oliveira Souza da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Flame Temperature ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Adiabatic Temperature ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Fuel Feed ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Thermoelectric Plant ◽  
Industrial Boiler ◽  
By Products ◽  
Lower Heating

<p>A indústria siderúrgica produz quatro subprodutos com significativa capacidade de geração de energia. Esses subprodutos podem ser utilizados como combustível na caldeira siderúrgica, equipamento da central termoelétrica. O objetivo deste estudo é propor uma modelagem para estimar a temperatura adiabática da chama da fornalha de uma caldeira siderúrgica com a variação de ar e combustível disponível. A técnica empregada consiste no princípio da Primeira Lei da Termodinâmica. O balanço de energia do sistema foi proposto definindo assim o modelo. A solução do modelo possibilita estimar a temperatura adiabática do sistema. Na indústria, a temperatura adiabática é determinada pelo poder calorífico inferior dos combustíveis. A metodologia proposta neste estudo faz com que não sejam necessários levantamentos experimentais do poder calorífico inferior. Os valores da temperatura adiabática simulados indicam que utilizar condições operacionais distintas na alimentação do combustível e do ar podem afetar significativamente o valor deste parâmetro. Nas simulação com a variação de ar, nota-se que a temperatura adiabática decresce com o acréscimo do excesso de ar. Tal resultado é esperado, uma vez que o aumento da massa, contida no sistema, diminui a eficiência energética do processo. Conclui-se que a metodologia proposta provou ser eficaz de descrever o sistema quando diferentes condições de alimentação são adotadas.</p><p> </p><p>ABSTRACT</p>Steel industry produces four by-products with significant capacity of energy generation. These products can be used as fuel at steel boiler, equipment thermoelectric plant. The objective of this study is to propose a modeling to estimate the adiabatic flame temperature furnace’s of an industrial boiler steelmaking with the variation of available air and fuel. The technique employed consists in principle of the First Law of Thermodynamics. The system's energy balance was proposed thus defining the model. The solution’s model enables to estimate the system’s  temperature of the adiabatic. In industry, the adiabatic temperature is determined by the fuel’s lower heating value. The methodology proposed in this study makes is not necessary experimental surveys of the lower heating value. The values at the adiabatic temperature simulated to indicate that use different operating conditions in the feed of fuel and air can significantly affect the value of this parameter. In the simulation with the variation in air, it is noted that the adiabatic temperature decreases with the increase of excess air. This result is expected since the increase of the mass contained in the system decreases the energy efficiency of the process. It is concluded that the methodology proved to be effective to describe the system when different air and fuel feed are adopted.

scholarly journals Fecal sludge as a fuel: characterization, cofire limits, and evaluation of quality improvement measures

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (12) ◽  
pp. 2437-2448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Hafford ◽  
Barbara J. Ward ◽  
Alan W. Weimer ◽  
Karl Linden
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Fecal Sludge ◽  
Improvement Measures ◽  
Fuel Characterization ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
Fuel Source

Abstract In many low-income cities, a high proportion of fecal sludge, the excreta and blackwater collected from onsite sanitation systems such as pit latrines, is not safely managed. This constitutes a major danger to environmental and human health. The water, sanitation, and hygiene sector has recognized that valorization of treated fecal sludge could offset the upfront cost of treatment by using it as a fuel source. The few quantitative studies on fecal sludge fuel published to date have focused on heating value, moisture, ash fraction, and heavy metals. However, other factors impacting fuel utility, specifically ash speciation, have not been adequately quantified for fecal sludge. This study contributes to closing that gap and shows the value of more detailed quantification. It first characterizes fecal sludge samples from Colorado and Uganda, confirms that the fuel is better if cofired with other biomass, and outlines a framework for determining safe cofire ratios. Second, the study evaluates two methods for improving fecal sludge as a fuel: carbonization and ash leaching. Carbonization of fecal sludge did not improve fuel quality, but leaching showed promise in ash reduction.

scholarly journals Effect of limestone catalyst on co-gasification of coconut fronds and wood chips

2018 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 06009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muddasser Inayat ◽  
Shaharin A. Sulaiman ◽  
Tham W. Hung ◽  
Fiseha M. Guangul ◽  
Firdaus Basrawi
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Carbon Conversion ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Air Passage ◽  
Tar Reforming ◽  
By Products

Biomass energy via gasification is an attractive substitute of fossil fuels. The distribution of biomass on the earth is scattered, so transportation and collection of biomass complicates the supply of biomass especially when the gasification rely on one type of biomass. Therefore, cogasification of different biomass is proposed as a potential solution for interruption-free gasification. Beside, unwanted by-products such as tar that cause blockage in downstream equipment can be minimized through the use of catalyst in gasification to accelerate tar reforming process. In this study, catalytic co-gasification of blended feedstock of 70% wood chips and 30% coconut fronds was carried out in a downdraft gasifier using limestone as primary catalyst. The effects of catalyst loading (0%, 30%, 50%, and 70% w/w) on syngas composition, gas yield, carbon conversion efficiency and heating value of syngas were investigated. The results showed that at 50% biomass to catalyst ratio, maximum H2 content of 11.39%, CO of 17.88%, carbon conversion efficiency of 69.49%, gas yield of 1.68 Nm3/kg and higher heating value of syngas 5.11 MJ/Nm3 were achieved. Higher catalyst loading (70%) blocked the air passage, which caused poor gasification. No more than 50% catalyst suggested for stable co-gasification operation.

How important is endogenous muscle glycogen to fatigue in prolonged exercise?

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Motor Drive ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Exercise Fatigue ◽  
Fuel Source ◽  
By Products

Endogenous muscle glycogen represents a primary fuel source during large muscle group activity in the human. The depletion of this fuel source during submaximal exercise at intensities ranging between 60 and 85% of maximal aerobic power [Formula: see text] is widely believed to be the cause of an inability to sustain exercise. Alterations of preexercise muscle glycogen reserves by dietary and exercise manipulations and changing the degree of dependency on endogenous glycogen during exercise by modifying the availability of other fuel sources have in general served to establish a close relationship between muscle glycogen and fatigue resistance. However, in spite of the evidence implicating glycogen depletion to fatigue, the mechanism remains elusive. The most popular theory is that glycogen is an essential substrate, the depletion of which results in a reduction in the rate of ATP regeneration and an inability to maintain energy supply to one or more of the processes involved in excitation and contraction in the muscle. As a consequence, the muscle is unable to translate the motor drive into an expected force and fatigue develops. However, there is little experimental evidence to support this theory. Most studies report no or only minimal changes in ATP concentration at fatigue with low glycogen and no further change in the by-products of ATP hydrolysis. These findings suggest that fatigue might be caused by other nonmetabolic factors. This review examines these other nonmetabolic factors and analyzes their potential role in fatigue during prolonged exercise with depletion of muscle glycogen reserves.Key words: muscle glycogen, prolonged exercise, fatigue, mechanisms.

scholarly journals Olive Trees By-Products as Sources of Bioactive and Other Industrially Useful Compounds: A Systematic Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (16) ◽  
pp. 5081
Author(s):  
Valentina Lo Giudice ◽  
Immacolata Faraone ◽  
Maria Roberta Bruno ◽  
Maria Ponticelli ◽  
Fabiana Labanca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Cellulose Pulp ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
Fuel Source ◽  
By Products

The need to produce an ever-increasing quantity of material products and food resulting from the planet globalization process has contributed to the spread of modern agriculture based on a linear production resulting in the generation of tons of waste. This huge amount of waste is generally accumulated in landfills, causing different environmental problems. Hence, researchers moved on to study the processes used to recover agro-industrial by-products within a circular and sustainable bio-economy concept. A systematic quest on Scopus and PubMed databases was performed to identify the data available to date on recycling agro-industrial by-products of Olea europaea L. This systematic review summarizes the knowledge regarding the use of olive trees by-products for producing animal feed, biocomposites, bioethanol, cellulose pulp, activated carbon, and as a fuel source for energy production. Furthermore, the data regarding the potential biological activity of extracts from olive roots, wood, bark, and pruning were analyzed. Olive trees by-products are, indeed, rich in molecules with antioxidant, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, and anticancer activity, representing a promising candidate for treat several human diseases.

scholarly journals Hydrothermal carbonization of kitchen waste

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Malaťák ◽  
T. Dlabaja
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Material Recovery ◽  
Lower Heating Value ◽  
Rich Material ◽  
Phytotoxicity Tests ◽  
By Products ◽  
Lower Heating

Hydrothermal carbonization is a suitable method for energy and material recovery of wet heterogeneous kitchen waste. The paper examines the ability of the process to produce stable, energy-rich material without harmful by-products from lunch leftovers, raw potatoes, creamy yogurt and raw onions. Results of the batch experiments confirm the hypothesis that waste processing results in homogenous energy-rich (&gt; 24 MJ/kg) and carbon-rich (&gt; 63 % wt.) material. The biochar of creamy yogurt reaches the highest lower-heating value of 31.75 MJ/kg. In terms of energy use and emission concentrations, all samples meet legal requirements for incineration in combustion devices. Phytotoxicity tests prove the harmlessness of the liquid by-product for agricultural purposes.

scholarly journals CO2 Adsorption from Biogas Using Amine-Functionalized MgO

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preecha Kasikamphaiboon ◽  
Uraiwan Khunjan
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Wet Impregnation ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Amine Functionalized ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Impregnation Technique ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Fuel Source

Biogas is a renewable fuel source of methane (CH4), and its utilization as a natural gas substitute or transport fuel has received much interest. However, apart from CH4, biogas also contains carbon dioxide (CO2) which is noncombustible, thus reducing the biogas heating value. Therefore, upgrading biogas by removing CO2 is needed for most biogas applications. In this study, an amine-functionalized adsorbent for CO2 capture from biogas was developed. Mesoporous MgO was synthesized and functionalized with different tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) loadings by wet impregnation technique. The prepared adsorbents (MgO-TEPA) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and N2 adsorption-desorption. The CO2 adsorption performance of the prepared MgO-TEPA was tested using simulated biogas as feed gas stream. The results show that the CO2 adsorption capacities of the adsorbents increase with increasing TEPA loading. The optimum TEPA loading is 40 wt.%, which gives the highest CO2 adsorption capacity of 4.98 mmol/g. A further increase in TEPA loading to 50 wt.% significantly reduces the CO2 adsorption capacity. Furthermore, the stability and regenerability of the adsorbent with 40% TEPA loading (MgO-TEPA-40) were studied by performing ten adsorption-desorption cycles under simulated biogas and real biogas conditions. After ten adsorption-desorption cycles, MgO-TEPA-40 shows slight decreases of only 5.42 and 5.75% of CO2 adsorption capacity for the simulated biogas and biogas, respectively. The results demonstrate that MgO-TEPA-40 possesses good stability and regenerability which are important for the potential application of this amine-based adsorbent.

scholarly journals Coal resources of the eastern regions of Russia for power plants of the Asian super ring

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 02004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Sokolov ◽  
Liudmila Takaishvili
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Coal Production ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Plant Construction ◽  
Coal Deposits ◽  
Coal Reserves ◽  
Fuel Source ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The eastern regions of Russia have a substantial potential for expansion of steaming coal production. The majority of coal deposits in the eastern regions are located close enough to the objects of the Asian super ring. The large coal reserves make it possible to consider it as a reliable fuel source for power plants for a long-term horizon. The coal reserves suitable for using at power plants of the Asian super ring are estimated in the paper by subject of the federation of the eastern regions for operating and new coal producers. The coal deposits of the eastern regions that are promising for the construction of power plants of the Asian super ring are presented. The paper describes both the coal deposits of the eastern regions that are considered in the projects for power plant construction and included in the program documents and the coal deposits that are not included in the program documents. The coal reserves of these deposits and the possible volumes of its production are estimated. The key qualitative coal characteristics of the deposits: heating value, and ash, sulfur, moisture content are presented. The mining-geological and hydrological conditions for deposit development are briefly characterized. The coals of the eastern regions are showed to contain valuable accompanying elements. It is noted that the creation of industrial clusters on the basis of the coal deposits is the most effective from the standpoints of the economy and ecology. The favorable and restraining factors in development of the described coal deposits are estimated.

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