scholarly journals Creation of the Simulator to Train Cosmonauts for Visual Instrumental Observations from the International Space Station Using Up-to-Date Information Technologies.

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Ye.V. Dedkova ◽  
Ye.S. Yurchenko ◽  
V.Ye. Fokin
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Visual Environment ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Visual Analyzer ◽  
International Space ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Instrumental Observations ◽  
Camera View

Visual Instrumental Observations (VIOs) of the Earth’s surface is a very special activity for cosmonauts that include searching, finding, and monitoring the objects with the unaided eye and their registration using optical facilities expanding capabilities of an operator’s visual analyzer. In order to impart the correct practical skills in performing VIOs from the ISS to cosmonauts in the course their ground training it is necessary to visualize the image observed by the naked eye and/or in the camera view finder taking into account an optical zoom, mutual location of a cosmonaut, a camera, a window, and the station at a certain point in orbit. For these purposes, the special simulator which simulates an external visual environment as close as possible to the flight conditions has been developed, that is the VIOs simulator designated to train cosmonauts for performing tasks in the field of geophysical studies and monitoring of the Earth.

Simulation of visual instrumental observations of the Earth from the International Space Station

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Bartosh ◽  
I. V. Belago ◽  
M. S. D’yakov ◽  
S. A. Kuzikovskii ◽  
A. S. Pereverzev
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
International Space ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Instrumental Observations

Prospects for using near-Earth GNSS as an infrastructure for navigation support of Lunar missions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Mikhaylov ◽  
D.S. Zarubin ◽  
V.А. Zagovorchev
Keyword(s):  
Space Station ◽  
Distributed Network ◽  
International Space ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Space Programs ◽  
Navigation Support ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Navigation Service ◽  
Lunar Missions ◽  
Moon Exploration

An increasing number of space agencies consider Moon exploration as a part of national and international space programs. Exploration plans include a distributed network of facilities on and around the Moon; opportunities for “driving force” projects based on the International Space Station program experience; and, on the whole, formation of the “Earth – low lunar orbit – Moon surface” payload traffic flow. The payload needs analysis shows that the cutting-edge Moon exploration program requires high quality navigation services (precise estimation of coordinates and velocity in near-real time). The subject of this paper is the issues of creating a navigation service based on the experience of the Russian segment of ISS and using the existing near-Earth GNSS systems as a navigation infrastructure.

Observation of ELVES from the International Space Station with the Mini-EUSO telescope

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Casolino ◽  
Mario Bertaina ◽  
Enrico Arnone ◽  
Laura Marcelli ◽  
Lech Piotrowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Counting ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Single Photon Counting ◽  
International Space ◽  
Focal Surface ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Ultraviolet Emissions

<p>Mini-EUSO is a telescope that observes the Earth from the International Space Station by recording ultraviolet emissions (290 ÷ 430 nm) of cosmic, atmospheric and terrestrial origin with a field of view of 44◦, a spatial resolution of 6.3 km and a temporal resolution of 2.5 mus.</p><p>The instrument is based on an optical system composed of two Fresnel lenses and a focal surface composed of 36 multi-anode photomultiplier tubes, 64 channels each, for a total of 2304 channels with single photon counting sensitivity.</p><p>Mini-EUSO is a UV telescope launched in 2019   and observing the Earth from the inside the Russian Zvezda module, through a nadir-facing UV-transparent.</p><p>It is composed of a Fresnel optics (25 cm diameter, 44 deg field of view) and a Multi Anode Photomultiplier focal surface (2304 pixels, 6km on the surface) with a single-photon counting capability and a sampling rate of 400kHz.</p><p>Its scientific objectives include the search for ultra-high energy cosmic rays (E>1e21eV), the study of  meteors and search for interstellar objects and Strange Quark Matter, the  mapping   of the Earth's night-time ultraviolet emissions, the search for space debris.</p><p>The characteristcs of the detector make it also well suited for the detection of TLEs, especially ELVES and the study of its development to extract spatial and temporal evolution.  In this article we will focus our attention on the observation of single and multi-ringed elves.</p>

A Lighting and Visibility Evaluation of the Shuttle/Mir Docking Target

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos E. Sampaio ◽  
Andrea H. Berman ◽  
Terence F. Fleming ◽  
Lynn A. Backemeyer
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Image Data ◽  
International Space ◽  
Critical Information ◽  
Camera View ◽  
Target Visibility ◽  
Target Design

As a prelude to the assembly of the International Space Station Alpha, the Space Shuttle will dock with the current Russian Mir Space Station several times. In order to align the docking interfaces, the Shuttle commander will use a camera view of a target mounted inside the Mir docking hatch to determine and to correct misalignment. An evaluation took place at NASA's Johnson Space Center to determine if modifications to the target design resolved previous visibility issues and to quantify the effect of orbital shadows on the commander's ability to perceive target cues. Both the commander and pilot of the first two docking missions participated as subjects. Results of this evaluation showed that target visibility issues were resolved. Critical information was also provided to operations engineers regarding how to deal with orbital shadows during rendezvous. These results assisted ground operations controllers in instructing the STS-63 crew on what image data was required to verify expected on-orbit conditions for upcoming Shuttle/Mir missions.

scholarly journals PROJECT CRESCENT: A PROPOSAL TO BUILD A SUSTAINABLE MOONBASE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Basanta Das ◽  
Malaya Kumar Biswal M
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Moon ◽  
International Space ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Right ◽  
Do So

Be it harsh snowy mountains or dry hostile deserts, wherever there is space to expand into humans have done so boldly. With Earth mostly discovered and inhabited it is hardly surprising that many countries, organizations and space agencies are already making preparations to build permanent settlements and bases throughout the solar system starting with the Moon and Mars. The Moon our only satellite and the closest celestial body to the Earth is the next logical step in the ladder to becoming an interplanetary civilization. We have the technology to do so and NASA’s current estimates say it could be possible with a budget of 20 to 40 billion Dollars spread over the time of a decade. This budget is comparable to that of the International Space Station or a mere 1% of the United States Federal Budget in 2019. A small investment with an immeasurable payoff if done right. This is a step in the right direction towards becoming a type 2 civilization on the Kardashev scale, develop new technologies and discover new sources of energy.

scholarly journals Observations of the Earth^|^apos;s Ionosphere and Plasmasphere from International Space Station

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (ists29) ◽  
pp. Tn_47-Tn_50
Author(s):  
Kentaro UJI ◽  
Ichiro YOSHIKAWA ◽  
Kazuo YOSHIOKA ◽  
Go MURAKAMI ◽  
Atsushi YAMAZAKI
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
International Space ◽  
The Earth

scholarly journals EUV signals associated with O+ ions observed from ISS-IMAP/EUVI in the nightside ionosphere

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin’ya Nakano ◽  
Yuta Hozumi ◽  
Akinori Saito ◽  
Ichiro Yoshikawa ◽  
Atsushi Yamazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Multiple Scattering ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Wavelength Range ◽  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Space Station ◽  
International Space ◽  
The Earth

AbstractThe extreme ultraviolet (EUV) imager, EUVI-B, on board the International Space Station (ISS) under the International Space Station–ionosphere-mesosphere-atmosphere plasmasphere cameras (ISS-IMAP) mission was originally intended to observe EUV emissions at 83.4 nm scattered by $${\mathrm O}^+$$ O + ions. During the mission, EUVI-B occasionally detected evident EUV signals in the umbra of the Earth. However, the source of the signals has not been verified. To evaluate the effect of the 83.4 nm EUV, we conduct a Monte Carlo simulation which considers multiple scattering of the 83.4 nm EUV by $${\mathrm O}^+$$ O + ions. In addition, we modeled the contribution of the 91.1 nm emission, which is due to recombination of $${\mathrm O}^{+}$$ O + ions and electrons, because the 91.1 nm EUV might affect the measurement from EUVI-B due to the wavelength range covered. The results suggest that the effect of the 83.4 nm EUV is likely to be negligible while the 91.1 nm EUV explains the observations from EUVI-B morphologically and quantitatively. We therefore conclude that the EUV signals observed by EUVI-B in the umbra of the Earth can largely be attributed to 91.1 nm emission due to recombination. This conclusion would facilitate the use of the EUVI-B data for reconstructing the $${\mathrm O}^+$$ O + density.

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