Recent Advances in Photoacoustic Tomography

Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) that integrates the molecular contrast of optical imaging with the high spatial resolution of ultrasound imaging in deep tissue has widespread applications in basic biological science, preclinical research, and clinical trials. Recently, tremendous progress has been made in PAT regarding technical innovations, preclinical applications, and clinical translations. Here, we selectively review the recent progresses and advances in PAT, including the development of advanced PAT systems for small-animal and human imaging, newly engineered optical probes for molecular imaging, broad-spectrum PAT for label-free imaging of biological tissues, high-throughput snapshot photoacoustic topography, and integration of machine learning for image reconstruction and processing. We envision that PAT will have further technical developments and more impactful applications in biomedicine.

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Stimulated Raman Scattering Tomography Enables Label‐Free Volumetric Deep Tissue Imaging

Laser & Photonics Review ◽

10.1002/lpor.202100069 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 2100069

Author(s):

Li Gong ◽

Shulang Lin ◽

Zhiwei Huang

Keyword(s):

Raman Scattering ◽

Stimulated Raman Scattering ◽

Tissue Imaging ◽

Label Free ◽

Deep Tissue ◽

Deep Tissue Imaging ◽

Stimulated Raman

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Continuous-Wave THz Imaging for Biomedical Samples

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11010071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Yaya Zhang ◽

Chuting Wang ◽

Bingxin Huai ◽

Shiyu Wang ◽

Yating Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Imaging ◽

Biomedical Imaging ◽

Continuous Wave ◽

Biological Tissues ◽

Thz Spectroscopy ◽

Label Free ◽

Thz Imaging ◽

Malignant Tumours ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Imaging Application

In the past few decades, the applications of terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and imaging technology have seen significant developments in the fields of biology, medical diagnosis, food safety, and nondestructive testing. Label-free diagnosis of malignant tumours has been obtained and also achieved significant development in THz biomedical imaging. This review mainly presents the research status and prospects of several common continuous-wave (CW) THz medical imaging systems and applications of THz medical imaging in biological tissues. Here, we first introduce the properties of THz waves and how these properties play a role in biomedical imaging. Then, we analyse both the advantages and disadvantages of the CW THz imaging methods and the progress of these methods in THz biomedical imaging in recent ten years. Finally, we summarise the obstacles in the way of the application of THz bio-imaging application technology in clinical detection, which need to be investigated and overcome in the future.

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Advanced Label-Free Laser Scanning Microscopy and Its Biological Imaging Application

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11031002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 1002

Author(s):

Xue Wang ◽

Xinchao Lu ◽

Chengjun Huang

Keyword(s):

Laser Scanning ◽

Second Harmonic ◽

Biological Tissues ◽

Biological Imaging ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Scanning Microscopy ◽

Localized Surface Plasmon ◽

Label Free ◽

Coherent Raman ◽

Surface Plasmon Microscopy

By eliminating the photodamage and photobleaching induced by high intensity laser and fluorescent molecular, the label-free laser scanning microscopy shows powerful capability for imaging and dynamic tracing to biological tissues and cells. In this review, three types of label-free laser scanning microscopies: laser scanning coherent Raman scattering microscopy, second harmonic generation microscopy and scanning localized surface plasmon microscopy are discussed with their fundamentals, features and recent progress. The applications of label-free biological imaging of these laser scanning microscopies are also introduced. Finally, the performance of the microscopies is compared and the limitation and perspectives are summarized.

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Applications of Vibrational Spectroscopy for Analysis of Connective Tissues

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26040922 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 922

Author(s):

William Querido ◽

Shital Kandel ◽

Nancy Pleshko

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Vibrational Spectroscopy ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Biological Tissues ◽

Label Free ◽

Connective Tissues ◽

Bone Properties ◽

Composition And Structure

Advances in vibrational spectroscopy have propelled new insights into the molecular composition and structure of biological tissues. In this review, we discuss common modalities and techniques of vibrational spectroscopy, and present key examples to illustrate how they have been applied to enrich the assessment of connective tissues. In particular, we focus on applications of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), near infrared (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy to assess cartilage and bone properties. We present strengths and limitations of each approach and discuss how the combination of spectrometers with microscopes (hyperspectral imaging) and fiber optic probes have greatly advanced their biomedical applications. We show how these modalities may be used to evaluate virtually any type of sample (ex vivo, in situ or in vivo) and how “spectral fingerprints” can be interpreted to quantify outcomes related to tissue composition and quality. We highlight the unparalleled advantage of vibrational spectroscopy as a label-free and often nondestructive approach to assess properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) associated with normal, developing, aging, pathological and treated tissues. We believe this review will assist readers not only in better understanding applications of FTIR, NIR and Raman spectroscopy, but also in implementing these approaches for their own research projects.

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An Overview of Animal Models Related to Schizophrenia

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0706743718773728 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 5-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Ian R. Winship ◽

Serdar M. Dursun ◽

Glen B. Baker ◽

Priscila A. Balista ◽

Ludmyla Kandratavicius ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Rodent Models ◽

Preclinical Research ◽

Drug Induced ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Tremendous Progress ◽

Current Therapies ◽

Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Development And Validation ◽

Core Features

Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder that is poorly treated with current therapies. In this brief review, we provide an update regarding the use of animal models to study schizophrenia in an attempt to understand its aetiology and develop novel therapeutic strategies. Tremendous progress has been made developing and validating rodent models that replicate the aetiologies, brain pathologies, and behavioural abnormalities associated with schizophrenia in humans. Here, models are grouped into 3 categories—developmental, drug induced, and genetic—to reflect the heterogeneous risk factors associated with schizophrenia. Each of these models is associated with varied but overlapping pathophysiology, endophenotypes, behavioural abnormalities, and cognitive impairments. Studying schizophrenia using multiple models will permit an understanding of the core features of the disease, thereby facilitating preclinical research aimed at the development and validation of better pharmacotherapies to alter the progression of schizophrenia or alleviate its debilitating symptoms.

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