Relating Complexity and Error Rates of Ontology Concepts

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (03) ◽  
pp. 200-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zheng ◽  
Yehoshua Perl ◽  
Michael Halper ◽  
Sherri de Coronado ◽  
Christopher Ochs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Biological Process ◽  
Health Information Systems ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Phases

SummaryObjectives: Ontologies are knowledge structures that lend support to many health-information systems. A study is carried out to assess the quality of ontological concepts based on a measure of their complexity. The results show a relation between complexity of concepts and error rates of concepts.Methods: A measure of lateral complexity defined as the number of exhibited role types is used to distinguish between more complex and simpler concepts. Using a framework called an area taxonomy, a kind of abstraction network that summarizes the structural organization of an ontology, concepts are divided into two groups along these lines. Various concepts from each group are then subjected to a two-phase QA analysis to uncover and verify errors and inconsistencies in their modeling. A hierarchy of the National Cancer Institute thesaurus (NCIt) is used as our test- bed. A hypothesis pertaining to the expected error rates of the complex and simple concepts is tested.Results: Our study was done on the NCIt’s Biological Process hierarchy. Various errors, including missing roles, incorrect role targets, and incorrectly assigned roles, were discovered and verified in the two phases of our QA analysis. The overall findings confirmed our hypothesis by showing a statistically significant difference between the amounts of errors exhibited by more laterally complex concepts vis-à-vis simpler concepts.Conclusions: QA is an essential part of any ontology’s maintenance regimen. In this paper, we reported on the results of a QA study targeting two groups of ontology concepts distinguished by their level of complexity, defined in terms of the number of exhibited role types. The study was carried out on a major component of an important ontology, the NCIt. The findings suggest that more complex concepts tend to have a higher error rate than simpler concepts. These findings can be utilized to guide ongoing efforts in ontology QA.

scholarly journals Does the packaging of health information affect the assessment of its reliability? A randomized controlled trial protocol

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Leela Raj ◽  
Denise Smith ◽  
James Heilman
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Online Health Information ◽  
Plain Language ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
University Of Oxford ◽  
Written Information ◽  
Significant Difference

Background Wikipedia is frequently used as a source of health information. However, the quality of its content varies widely across articles. The DISCERN tool is a brief questionnaire developed in 1996 by the Division of Public Health and Primary Health Care of the Institute of Health Sciences of the University of Oxford. They claim it provides users with a valid and reliable way of assessing the quality of written information. However, the DISCERN instrument’s reliability in measuring the quality of online health information, particularly whether or not its scores are affected by reader biases about specific publication sources, has not yet been explored. Methods This study is a double-blind randomized assessment of a Wikipedia article versus a BMJ literature review using a modified version of the DISCERN tool. Participants will include physicians and medical residents from four university campuses in Ontario and British Columbia and will be randomized into one of four study arms. Inferential statistics tests (paired t-test, multi-level ordinal regression, and one-way ANOVA) will be conducted with the data collected from the study. Outcomes The primary outcome of this study will be to determine whether a statistically significant difference in DISCERN scores exists, which could suggest whether or not how health information is packaged influences how it is assessed for quality. Plain Language Summary The internet, and in particular Wikipedia, is an important way for professionals, students and the public to obtain health information. For this reason, the DISCERN tool was developed in 1996 to help users assess the quality of the health information they find. The ability of DISCERN to measure the quality of online health information has been supported with research, but the role of bias has not necessarily been accounted for. Does how the information is packaged influence how the information itself is evaluated? This study will compare the scores assigned to articles in their original format to the same articles in a modified format in order to determine whether the DISCERN tool is able to overcome bias. A significant difference in ratings between original and inverted articles will suggest that the DISCERN tool lacks the ability to overcome bias related to how health information is packaged.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Quality of Health-Related WeChat Public Accounts: Cross-Sectional Study

10.2196/14826 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e14826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuzhi Wang ◽  
Zhuoxin Wang ◽  
Weiwei Sun ◽  
Xiumu Yang ◽  
Zhiwei Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Code Of Conduct ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suitability Assessment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Status ◽  
Health Related

Background As representatives of health information communication platforms accessed through mobile phones and mobile terminals, health-related WeChat public accounts (HWPAs) have a large consumer base in the Chinese-speaking world. However, there is still a lack of general understanding of the status quo of HWPAs and the quality of the articles they release. Objective The aims of this study were to assess the conformity of HWPAs to the Health on the Net Foundation Code of Conduct (HONcode) and to evaluate the suitability of articles disseminated by HWPAs. Methods The survey was conducted from April 23 to May 5, 2019. Based on the monthly (March 1-31, 2019) WeChat Index provided by Qingbo Big Data, the top 100 HWPAs were examined to evaluate their HONcode compliance. The first four articles published by each HWPA on the survey dates were selected as samples to evaluate their suitability. All materials were assessed by three raters. The materials were assessed using the HONcode checklist and the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) score sheet. Data analysis was performed with SPSS version 17.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) and Excel version 2013 (Microsoft Inc, Washington DC, USA). Results A total of 93 HWPAs and 210 of their released articles were included in this study. For six of the eight principles, the 93 HWPAs nearly consistently did not meet the requirements of the HONcode. The HWPAs certified by Tencent Corporation (66/93, 71%) were generally slightly superior to those without such certification (27/93, 29%) in terms of compliance with HONcode principles. The mean SAM score for the 210 articles was 67.72 (SD 10.930), which indicated “adequate” suitability. There was no significant difference between the SAM scores of the articles published by certified and uncertified HWPAs (P=.07), except in the literacy requirements dimension (tdf=97=–2.418, P=.02). Conclusions The HWPAs had low HONcode conformity. Although the suitability of health information released by HWPAs was at a moderate level, there were still problems identified, such as difficulty in tracing information sources, excessive implicit advertisements, and irregular usage of charts. In addition, the low approval requirements of HWPAs were not conducive to improvement of their service quality.

scholarly journals Could health information systems enhance the quality of Aboriginal health promotion? A retrospective audit of Aboriginal health programs in the Northern Territory of Australia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikki Ann Percival ◽  
Priscilla Boucher ◽  
Kathleen Conte ◽  
Kate Robertson ◽  
Julie Cook
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Aboriginal Health ◽  
Health Information Systems ◽  
Online System ◽  
Retrospective Audit ◽  
Potential Benefits

Abstract Background: In Australia, health services are seeking innovative ways to utilize data stored in health information systems to report on, and improve, health care quality and health system performance for Aboriginal Australians. However, there is little research about the use of health information systems in the context of Aboriginal health promotion. In 2008, the Northern Territory’s publicly funded healthcare system introduced the Quality Improvement Program Planning System (QIPPS) as the centralized online system for recording information about health promotion programs. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential for utilizing data stored in QIPPS to report on quality of Aboriginal health promotion, using chronic disease prevention programs as exemplars. We identify the potential benefits and limitations of health information systems for enhancing Aboriginal health promotion. Methods: A retrospective audit was undertaken on a sample of health promotion projects delivered between 2013 and 2016. A validated, paper-based audit tool was used to extract information stored in the QIPPS online system and report on Aboriginal health promotion quality. Simple frequency counts were calculated for dichotomous and categorical items. Text was extracted and thematically analyzed to describe community participation processes and strategies used in Aboriginal health promotion. Results: 39 Aboriginal health promotion projects were included in the analysis. 34/39 projects recorded information pertaining to the health promotion planning phases, such as statements of project goals, ‘needs assessment’ findings, and processes for consulting Aboriginal people in the community. Evaluation findings were reported in approximately one third of projects and mostly limited to a recording of numbers of participants. For almost half of the projects analyzed, community participation strategies were not recorded. Conclusion: This is the first Australian study to shed light on the feasibility of utilizing data stored in a purposefully designed health promotion information system. Data availability and quality were limiting factors for reporting on Aboriginal health promotion quality. Based on our learnings of QIPPS, strategies to improve the quality and accuracy of data entry together with the use of quality improvement approaches are needed to reap the potential benefits of future health promotion information systems.

An Osmosis-Based Intelligent Agent Scheduling Framework for Cloud Bursting in a Hybrid Cloud

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-88
Author(s):  
Preethi Sheba Hepsiba ◽  
Grace Mary Kanaga E.
Keyword(s):  
Biological Process ◽  
Intelligent System ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Hybrid Cloud ◽  
Indirect Impact ◽  
Agent Scheduling ◽  
Cloud Bursting ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
High Level

An intelligent system to efficiently provision resources in a hybrid cloud environment is necessary due to the high level of complexity. The semi-permeable agent for hybrid cloud scheduling (SPAH) is a bio-inspired agent that adapts the biological process of osmosis into cloud bursting. The primary objective of the agent is to minimize the makespan. The framework and algorithm for the two phases of SPAH, to recognize the state and decide on action are presented. A QoS (Quality of Service) deadline factor metric is proposed to study the indirect impact of SPAH in deadline satisfaction. SPAH shows significant improvement in deadline satisfaction of up to 85% as compared to other cloud bursting techniques. This is the result of a reduced makespan and a reduced cumulative waiting time. The analysis of SPAH shows that it works in quadratic time complexity.

scholarly journals Review of Health Information Systems in Oman

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Elhadi ◽  
Ahmed Al-Hosni ◽  
Khaled Day ◽  
Adbullah Al-Hamadani ◽  
Abdulrahman Al-Toqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Quality Of Health Care ◽  
Health Information Systems ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Global Quality

This paper is a review of Oman's major Health Information Systems (HISs) and their enabling technologies. The work assesses the scope, functionality, security, and interoperability of the used systems. The review aids in achieving the objectives of HIS systems of improving the global quality of health care, attaining increased coordination between health care providers and consumers, promoting the use of guidelines and policies, and improving the speed of simultaneous access and distribution of medicalrecords and other resources. This paper, which can be considered as a building block towards the development of a nation-wide health care system, studies existing systems and identifies their functions and structures.  

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Adopting the Electronic Style in Hospital Services

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Juliana Iworikumo Consul ◽  
Bunakiye Richard Japheth ◽  
Joseph Agaroghenefuoma Erho
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Patient Information ◽  
Health Information Systems ◽  
Hospital Services ◽  
Data Confidentiality ◽  
Quality Of Patient Care ◽  
Widespread Acceptance ◽  
Timely Delivery

Globally, health information systems and technologies are being used increasingly and are seen as a way to increase the efficiency and quality of patient care. One of the factors blocking the use of electronic healthcare system from widespread acceptance as experienced in the manual method is the concern about patients' data confidentiality. This paper is set to discuss and appraise the adoption of electronic style in the provision and management of hospital services for efficiency, accuracy, and timely delivery of services in order to enhance the data confidentiality. Data collected from questionnaire were analysed and evaluated based on two identified significant aspects: the problems of either adopting the electronic healthcare or manual system of keeping patient information and the efficiency, problems, and barriers of adopting the electronic healthcare style in hospitals. It is observed that the adoption of electronic style will improve interactivity in all areas of specialization in hospital management.

A cross-sectional study on quality of diabetes information identified from the Internet (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingchun Fan ◽  
Jean Craig ◽  
Na Zhao ◽  
Fujian Song
Keyword(s):  
Health Information ◽  
Search Engine ◽  
Search Engines ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Health Information ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Content Coverage ◽  
Google Search

BACKGROUND Increasingly people seek health information from the Internet, in particular, health information on diseases that require intensive self-management, such as diabetes. However, the Internet is largely unregulated and the quality of online health information may not be credible. OBJECTIVE To assess the quality of online information on diabetes identified from the Internet. METHODS We used the single term “diabetes” or equivalent Chinese characters to search Google and Baidu respectively. The first 50 websites retrieved from each of the two search engines were screened for eligibility using pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Included websites were assessed on four domains: accessibility, content coverage, validity and readability. RESULTS We included 26 websites from Google search engine and 34 from Baidu search engine. There were significant differences in website provider (P<0.0001), but not in targeted population (P=0.832) and publication types (P=0.378), between the two search engines. The website accessibility was not statistically significantly different between the two search engines, although there were significant differences in items regarding website content coverage. There was no statistically significant difference in website validity between the Google and Baidu search engines (mean Discern score 3.3 vs 2.9, p=0.156). The results to appraise readability for English website showed that that Flesch Reading Ease scores ranged from 23.1 to 73.0 and the mean score of Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level ranged range from 5.7 to 19.6. CONCLUSIONS The content coverage of the health information for patients with diabetes in English search engine tended to be more comprehensive than that from Chinese search engine. There was a lack of websites provided by health organisations in China. The quality of online health information for people with diabetes needs to be improved to bridge the knowledge gap between website service and public demand.

Evaluating the tolerability of a simultaneous focal boost to the gross tumor in prostate SABR: A toxicity and quality-of-life comparison of two prospective trials.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 319-319
Author(s):  
Yasir Alayed ◽  
Melanie Davidson ◽  
William Chu ◽  
Stanley K. Liu ◽  
Chia-Lin Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Important Change ◽  
Phase Ii Trials ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
High Risk Prostate Cancer ◽  
Gu Toxicity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risk Prostate Cancer

319 Background: Dose-escalated SABR to the whole prostate may be associated with better outcomes, but at a risk of increased toxicity. An alternative approach is to focally boost the dominant intraprostatic lesion (DIL) seen on MRI. We report the toxicity and quality of life (QOL) outcomes of two phase II trials of prostate and pelvic SABR, with or without a simultaneous DIL boost. Methods: The first trial treated patients with high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) to a dose of 40 Gy to the prostate and 25 Gy to the pelvis in 5 fractions. The second trial treated patients with intermediate-risk and high-risk PCa to a dose of 35 Gy to the prostate, 25 Gy to the pelvis, and a DIL boost up to 50 Gy in 5 fractions. Acute toxicities, late toxicities and QOL were assessed. Results: 30 patients were enrolled in each trial. In the focal boost cohort, the median DIL D90% was 48.3 Gy. There was no significant difference in acute grade ≥2 GI or GU toxicity between the two trials, or cumulative worst late GI or GU toxicity up to 24 months. There was no significant difference in QOL domain scores or minimally clinical important change between the two trials. Conclusions: Prostate and pelvic SABR with a simultaneous DIL boost was feasible and did not lead to a significant change in toxicity or QOL when compared to a cohort that did not receive a focal boost. Further follow-up will be required to assess long-term outcomes. Clinical trial information: NCT02911636.

The specific heat of sodium from 20 to 300 °K: the martensitic transformation

1960 ◽  
Vol 254 (1279) ◽  
pp. 433-443 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Cast Sample ◽  
Hexagonal Close Packed ◽  
Debye Temperatures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Heat Of Transformation

Measurements on a cast sample and an extruded sample are reported. There is no significant difference in behaviour. No anomaly of the type reported by Dauphinee et al. (1954) was found. A thermal study of the martensitic transformation showed a large specific-heat anomaly in the reversion region and a specific heat dependent on thermal history in the two-phase region. The heat of transformation from hexagonal close-packed to body-centred cubic sodium is deduced to be about 10 cal/g atom and the Debye temperatures of the two phases at 20 °K to be 160 and 153 °K respectively. The entropy at 298.15 °K is 12.24 ± 0.12 cal/°K g atom.

Effects of Viscosity and Two Phase Liquid–Gas Fluids on the Performance of Multi-Stage Centrifugal Pumps

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brown ‘Lyle’ Wilson ◽  
Ketan Sheth ◽  
Donn Brown
Keyword(s):  
Test Facility ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Void Fractions ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phase Liquid ◽  
Intake Pressure ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Safety Considerations

The paper reports on developmental research on the effects of viscosity and two phases, liquid–gas fluids on ESPs which are multi stage centrifugal pumps for deep bore holes. The test facility work was performed using pumps with ten or more stages moving fluids with viscosity from 2 to 2500 cP at various speed, intake pressure and Gas Void Fractions (GVF). For safety considerations the injected gas was restricted to nitrogen or air. The results are a series of curves representing the performance degradation of the pump. Note that in some cases the pump performances actually improved with increasing viscosity. The resulting information will allow a better understanding and more accurate prediction of performance than has been previously available. The data indicates a significant difference in performance correction when compared to the information available from the Hydraulics Institute.

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