scholarly journals Humoral Immune Durability of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Southern Iran: A Population-Based Survey Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 144-154
Author(s):  
Hossein Farshidi ◽  
Mehdi Hassaniazad ◽  
Mahmood Hosseinpoor ◽  
Abdollah Gharibzadeh ◽  
Amin Reza Nikpoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Muscular Pain ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Elisa Testing ◽  
Population Based Survey

Background: To promote mitigation strategies and public health response, this study aimed to evaluate the population-based seroprevalence of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies in Hormozgan province. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted within 10 districts of Hormozgan province with 1325 participants for three months by considering three-month successive follow-ups to evaluate the durability of humoral immunity. The participants completed the questionnaire, and blood samples were taken followed by immunoassay SARS-CoV-2 ELISA testing. Results: In general, 717 (54.1%) males and 596 (45.9%) females participated in this study. In phase one, 147 (11.1%) and 182 (14.7%) tested positive for immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG, respectively. Upon three months, 13.8% and 17.8% tested positive for IgG and at least for one of the antibodies. Based on the results, 606 (45.7%) cases reported no symptoms while 673 (50.8%) of them reflected at least one. Among 798 (60.2%) participants, the most common symptoms were headache (n = 244, 18.4%), sore throat (n = 186, 14.0%), weakness (n = 150, 11.3%), muscular pain (n = 139, 10.5%), and sputum cough (n = 134, 10.1%). The odds of the antibodies in females was 1.37 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.82, P = 0.03). In phase 2, 43 (5.3%) participants persisted positive for IgG while 559 (73%) tested negative for IgG. Finally, 20% of the suffered participants tested positive for IgG until nine months. Conclusion: Although IgG antibodies decreased in the first six months, their titers persisted stable for nine months. It seems our population has not reached a desirable level of protection. It is stressed that mass vaccination is needed to prevent future epidemic waves.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 virus in Northern Serbia (Vojvodina): A four consecutive sentinel population-based survey study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254516
Author(s):  
Mioljub Ristić ◽  
Biljana Milosavljević ◽  
Slobodanka Vapa ◽  
Miloš Marković ◽  
Vladimir Petrović
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Test Point ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Autonomous Province

Background Monitoring changes of seroprevalence over time is important at the beginning and during of COVID-19 outbreak to anticipate its dynamics and plan an adequate public health response. Methods We conducted a repeated cross-sectional investigation among asymptomatic outpatient subjects and covered 0.1% of total population of Northern Serbia (Autonomous Province of Vojvodina). Each participant was tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using an immunochromatographic qualitative test (point-of-care rapid test). In the last round of survey IgG antibodies targeting the S1 subunit of the spike protein and the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 virus were assessed. Results During the four rounds of survey (between the end of April and the end of September), anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositivities based on immunochromatographic test results were 2.60% (95% CI 1.80–3.63), 3.93% (95% CI 2.85–5.28), 6.11% (95% CI 4.72–7.77) and 14.60% (95% 12.51–16.89), respectively. After adjusting with results obtained from the Line immunoassay test, the estimated overall seroprevalence increased to 16.67% (95% CI 14.45–19.08) corresponding to 322,033 infections in total by the end of September 2020 in Vojvodina’s population. Throughout the course of the study, for every RT-PCR confirmed case of COVID-19, there were 39–87 additional infections in Vojvodina. No significant difference (p>0.05) in SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity regarding gender and between age subgroups was observed over the course of the survey. Conclusions The population prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies implies much more widespread infection in Vojvodina than indicated by the number of confirmed cases. However, our results suggest that the population of Vojvodina has not reached a desirable level of protection from SARS-CoV-2 virus by the end of September 2020.

scholarly journals Priorities for the child public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic recovery in England

2020 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2020-320214
Author(s):  
Catherine Hefferon ◽  
Catherine Taylor ◽  
Davara Bennett ◽  
Catherine Falconer ◽  
Melisa Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Return To Schooling ◽  
Child Public Health

Child health is at risk from the unintended consequences of the COVID-19 response and will suffer further unless it is given proper consideration. The pandemic can be conceived as a systemic shock to the wider determinants of child health, with impacts on family functioning and income, access to healthcare and education. This article outlines COVID-19 impacts on children in England. Key priorities relate to the diversion of healthcare during lockdown; interruption and return to schooling; increased health risks and long-term impacts on child poverty and social inequalities. We provide an overview of mitigation strategies and policy recommendations aimed to assist both national and local professionals across child health, education, social care and related fields to inform the policy response.

scholarly journals PD39-07 SEXUAL SATISFACTION IN ADULTS WITH GENITOURINARY CONGENITALISM: RESULTS FROM A POPULATION BASED SURVEY STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 201 (Supplement 4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Baradaran* ◽  
Elaine Allen ◽  
Kathryn Quanstrom ◽  
Michael Sadighian ◽  
Aron Liaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Population Based Survey

scholarly journals Iron supplementation among pregnant women: results from a population-based survey study

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraci Almeida Cesar ◽  
Samuel de Carvalho Dumith ◽  
Maria Aurora Dropa Chrestani ◽  
Raul Andrés Mendoza-Sassi
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
Black Skin ◽  
Antenatal Visits ◽  
Population Based Survey

Objectives: To measure the prevalence and risk factors associated with iron supplementation among pregnant women in the municipality of Rio Grande, Southern Brazil. Methods: All mothers living in this municipality who had children in 2007 were surveyed for demographic, socioeconomic and health care received during pregnancy and childbirth. The statistical analysis consisted of Poisson regression with robust adjustment of variance, and the measure of effect was prevalence ratio (PR). Results: Among the 2,557 mothers interviewed (99% of total), 59% were supplemented with iron during pregnancy period. After adjusting for various confounding factors, a higher PR to iron supplementation was observed among teenagers, women with black skin color, primigravidae, who had six or more antenatal visits, who performed prenatal care in public sector and received vitamin during pregnancy. Conclusion: There is a clear need to increase the iron supplementation coverage of all pregnant women, especially among those currently considered with low gestational risk.

COVID-19 Case Investigations Among Federally Quarantined Evacuees From Wuhan, China, and Exposed Personnel at a US Military Base, United States, February 5-21, 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492110634
Author(s):  
Meagan R. Chuey ◽  
Rebekah J. Stewart ◽  
Maroya Walters ◽  
Emily J. Curren ◽  
Susan L. Hills ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Military Base ◽  
Case Identification ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Control Procedures

In February 2020, during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, 232 evacuees from Wuhan, China, were placed under federal 14-day quarantine upon arrival at a US military base in San Diego, California. We describe the monitoring of evacuees and responders for symptoms of COVID-19, case and contact investigations, infection control procedures, and lessons learned to inform future quarantine protocols for evacuated people from a hot spot resulting from a novel pathogen. Thirteen (5.6%) evacuees had COVID-19–compatible symptoms and 2 (0.9%) had laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2. Two case investigations identified 43 contacts; 3 (7.0%) contacts had symptoms but tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Daily symptom and temperature screening of evacuees and enacted infection control procedures resulted in rapid case identification and isolation and no detected secondary transmission among evacuees or responders. Lessons learned highlight the challenges associated with public health response to a novel pathogen and the evolution of mitigation strategies as knowledge of the pathogen evolves.

scholarly journals Distribution of Ixodes scapularis in Northwestern Ontario: Results from Active and Passive Surveillance Activities in the Northwestern Health Unit Catchment Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Schillberg ◽  
Dorian Lunny ◽  
L. Lindsay ◽  
Mark Nelder ◽  
Curtis Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Passive Surveillance ◽  
Health Unit ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Northward Expansion ◽  
Effective Public Health

The range of Ixodes scapularis is expanding in Ontario, increasing the risk of Lyme disease. As an effective public health response requires accurate information on disease distribution and areas of risk, this study aims to establish the geographic distribution of I. scapularis and its associated pathogen, B. burgdorferi, in northwestern Ontario. We assessed five years of active and passive tick surveillance data in northwestern Ontario. Between 2013 and 2017, 251 I. scapularis were submitted through passive surveillance. The submission rate increased over time, and the proportion infected with B. burgdorferi was 13.5%. Active tick surveillance from 2014 to 2016 found few I. scapularis specimens. In 2017, 102 I. scapularis were found in 10 locations around the city of Kenora; 60% were infected with B. burgdorferi, eight tested positive for A. phagocytophilum, and one for POWV. I. scapularis ticks were found in 14 locations within the Northwestern Health Unit area, with seven locations containing B. burgdorferi-positive ticks. We found abundant I. scapularis populations in the southern portion of northwestern Ontario and northward expansion is expected. It is recommended that I. scapularis populations continue to be monitored and mitigation strategies should be established for rural northern communities.

scholarly journals Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Antigens in Humans and Animals

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 684
Author(s):  
Hyunsuh Kim ◽  
Patrick Seiler ◽  
Jeremy C. Jones ◽  
Granger Ridout ◽  
Kristi P. Camp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Health Response ◽  
Seroepidemiologic Studies ◽  
Human Coronaviruses

To optimize the public health response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we must first understand the antibody response to individual proteins on the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the antibody’s cross reactivity to other coronaviruses. Using a panel of 37 convalescent COVID-19 human serum samples, we showed that the magnitude and specificity of responses varied across individuals, independent of their reactivity to seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs). These data suggest that COVID-19 vaccines will elicit primary humoral immune responses in naïve individuals and variable responses in those previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2. Unlike the limited cross-coronavirus reactivities in humans, serum samples from 96 dogs and 10 cats showed SARS-CoV-2 protein-specific responses focused on non–S1 proteins. The correlation of this response with those to other coronaviruses suggests that the antibodies are cross-reactive and generated to endemic viruses within these hosts, which must be considered in seroepidemiologic studies. We conclude that substantial variation in antibody generation against coronavirus proteins will influence interpretations of serologic data in the clinical and veterinary settings.

scholarly journals Oral fluid testing facilitates understanding of hepatitis A virus household transmission

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Becky Haywood ◽  
Richard S. Tedder ◽  
Kazim Beebeejaun ◽  
Koye Balogun ◽  
Sema Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Oral Fluid ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Public Health Response ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Household Transmission ◽  
Health Response

AbstractThe public health response to sporadic hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, hepatitis A, can be complex especially when the index case is a child and no obvious source is identified. Identifying an infection source may avoid mass immunisation within schools when transmission is found to have occurred within the household. Screening of asymptomatic contacts via venepuncture can be challenging and unacceptable, as a result non-invasive methods may facilitate public health intervention. Enzyme-linked immunoassays were developed to detect HAV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in oral fluid (ORF). A validation panel of ORF samples from 30 confirmed acute HAV infections were all reactive for HAV IgM and IgG when tested. A panel of 40 ORF samples from persons known to have been uninfected were all unreactive. Two hundred and eighty household contacts of 72 index cases were screened by ORF to identify HAV transmission within the family and factors associated with household transmission. Almost half of households (35/72) revealed evidence of recent infection, which was significantly associated with the presence of children ⩽11 years of age (odds ratio 9.84, 95% confidence interval: 2.74–35.37). These HAV IgM and IgG immunoassays are easy to perform, rapid and sensitive and have been integrated into national guidance on the management of hepatitis A cases.

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