scholarly journals Context Matters in Evidence Implementation Globally; Comment on "Stakeholder Perspectives of Attributes and Features of Context Relevant to Knowledge Translation in Health Settings: A Multi-Country Analysis"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pierre Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Stakeholder Perspectives ◽  
Experience Levels ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Interventions ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Context Features

Context influences the effectiveness of healthcare interventions and should be considered to inform their implementation. However, context remains poorly defined in the knowledge translation (KT) literature. The paper by Squires and colleagues constitutes a valuable contribution to the field of KT as it provides the basis for a comprehensive framework to assess the influence of context on implementation success. In their study, Squires et al. identified 66 context features, grouped into 16 attributes. Their findings highlight a great convergence in the context features mentioned by stakeholders across countries, experience levels and roles in KT. Thus, the proposed framework could eventually transfer to several implementation settings. However, all study participants were from high-income countries. It would therefore be important to replicate this research in low- and middle-income countries. A common understanding of what context means is essential to assessing its influence on the implementation of healthcare interventions globally.

scholarly journals Future Directions for Providing Conceptual Clarity Related to Context in Implementation; Comment on "Stakeholder Perspectives of Attributes and Features of Context Relevant to Knowledge Translation in Health Settings: A Multi-Country Analysis"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia E. Van Pelt ◽  
Rinad S. Beidas
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Science ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Stakeholder Perspectives ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Country Analysis

In implementation science, contextual inquiry guides the implementation process for successful uptake of evidence-based practices. However, the conceptualization and measurement of context varies across frameworks and stakeholders. To advance implementation science, future efforts to advance the understanding of context should incorporate input from implementation stakeholders through co-creation, elicit stakeholders’ perspectives in low- and middle-income countries to generate a more comprehensive list of determinants, and refine inconsistencies in terminology to promote research synthesis. Greater conceptual clarity and generalizability in contextual inquiry will enable improved communication and collaboration, thus facilitating a shift in focus to development and evaluation of implementation strategies to improve healthcare and health outcomes.

scholarly journals Mortality risk in preterm and small-for-gestational-age infants in low-income and middle-income countries: a pooled country analysis

The Lancet ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 382 (9890) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Katz ◽  
Anne CC Lee ◽  
Naoko Kozuki ◽  
Joy E Lawn ◽  
Simon Cousens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Country Analysis

scholarly journals Study Protocol to Determine Association between Environmental Triggers and Asthma among Children in King Williams Town

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Rasaq A. Yusuf ◽  
Phoka C. Rathebe ◽  
Wells Utembe
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Asthma Management ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Environmental Agents ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The University ◽  
Study Participants

Asthma affects over 330 million people worldwide, with relatively higher disease burdens in Australia, New Zealand, Africa, the Middle East, and South America. The symptoms associated with asthma were reported to be prevalent in children from the period of 1993 to 2013, in many low- and middle-income countries, due to changes in environmental conditions, such as domestic lifestyle, and urban and industrial developments. (1) Background: Several studies have also shown that children are prone to a severe type of asthma, because of their narrow respiratory airways and susceptibility to irritation from environmental agents. This study aimed to assess the association between environmental exposure and asthma among children in King Williams Town, South Africa. (2) Methodology: This study adopted a cross-sectional design method, with an estimated sample size of 262 participants. The eligible study participants were enrolled while attending Grey hospital in King Williams Town, for asthma management. Information will be collected from eligible, stable participants, on asthma treatment, through in-person interviewing in 2021. A semi-structured questionnaire will be administered to the participants. However, as a result of the prevailing COVID-19 pandemic, data may be abstracted from the asthma medical record of the eligible participants. Multivariate regression will be utilized, to describe the correlation between the variables, and the odds ratio will be calculated as well. (3) Discussion and conclusion: The study will objectively identify the local environmental agents that are associated with asthma among children in King Williams Town, in order to reprioritize treatment and preventative strategies. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee, Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Johannesburg.

scholarly journals Serum level of high sensitive C-reactive protein and IL − 6 markers in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia in Ethiopia: a comparative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feyissa Challa ◽  
Daniel Seifu ◽  
Meron Sileshi ◽  
Tigist Getahun ◽  
Zeleke Geto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Accumulating evidence indicates that schizophrenia is accompanied by significant activation of the immune system; however, there is limited data from low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Inflammatory markers may be more relevant in LMIC settings where infectious conditions are more prevalent and may thus play some role in the causation and maintenance of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to assess the level of inflammatory markers high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with schizophrenia. Materials and methods The study population consisted of a total of 132 study participants; 82 participants with schizophrenia and 50 controls. hsCRP and IL-6 were measured using Cobas Integra 400 Plus and Cobas e 411 analysers respectively. Results The levels of hsCRP and IL-6 were significantly increased among participants with schizophrenia compared to controls: hsCRP mean value 2.87 ± 5.6 vs 0.67 ± 0.6 mg/L; IL-6 mean value 6.63 ± 5.6 vs 3.37 ± 4.0 pg/ml. Controlling for potential confounders (age, sex and body mass index), having a diagnosis of schizophrenia remained significantly associated with increased hsCRP and IL-6. Conclusion The results confirm that inflammatory processes may have a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia regardless of setting. Despite failure of some interventions with anti-inflammatory properties, interventions to reduce inflammation are still worth pursuing.

scholarly journals Six Honest Serving Matters, Teaching Us all We Need to Know About Context in Knowledge Implementation?; Comment on "Stakeholder Perspectives of Attributes and Features of Context Relevant to Knowledge Translation in Health Settings: A Multi-Country Analysis"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Catrine Eldh
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Next Of Kin ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Stakeholder Perspectives ◽  
Knowledge Implementation ◽  
New Findings ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Evidence Based Healthcare ◽  
The Uk

While context is a vital factor in any attempt to study knowledge translation or implement evidence in healthcare, there is a need to better understand the attributes and relations that constitute context. A recent study by J. Squires et al. investigates such attributes and definitions, based on 39 stakeholder interviews across Australia, Canada, the UK, and the USA. Sixteen attributes, comprising 30 elements suggested as new findings, are proposed as the basis for a framework. This commentary argues for the need to incorporate more perspectives but also suggests an initial taxonomy rather than a framework, comprising a wider range of stakeholders and an enhanced understanding of how context elements are related at different levels and how this affects implementation processes. Aligning with person-centred care, this must include not only professionals but also patients and their next of kin, as partners in shaping more evidence-based healthcare.

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