scholarly journals Motif of struggle in the chronicles "The Cathedral Clergy" by Nikolai Leskov

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Valeriya G. Andreyeva
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Universal Scale ◽  
Intrinsic Basis

The author of the article addresses history of the publication of the chronicles "The Cathedral Clergy" by Nikolai Leskov; she notes that the subject and the core conflict of the work collided with its publication in a number of magazines, and that only Mikhail Katkov realised the chronicle's importance and accepted it in his magazine "The Russian Messenger". In "The Cathedral Clergy", Nikolai Leskov looks at the world from a special perspective which opens his point of view as an eternity look, whereas what becomes the core conflict in the work, is confrontation of belief and unbelief of global, if not universal, scale. Realisation of one of the book's most significant motifs – motif of struggle – is analysed in the article. It is considered how Nikolai Leskov on a set of examples illustrates the heroes' active and energetic strength that is shown in advocacy of belief, in resistance to meanness and premeditated deception. The writer very thinly and skillfully shows that fight is not an intrinsic basis of righteous people, that all of them live under the law of love, however they cannot be passive observers in the world where the truth is profaned.

IV. John Lingard and the Simancas Archives

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-76
Author(s):  
Edwin Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
English History ◽  
Parish Priest ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Source Materials

John Lingard (1771–1851) was the first English historian to attempt to look at the history of England in the sixteenth century from an international point of view. He was unconvinced by the story of the Reformation in England as found in the works of previous historians such as Burnet and Hume, and believed that new light needed to be thrown on the subject. One way of doing this was to look at English history from the outside, so to speak, and Lingard held it to be a duty of the historian ‘to contrast foreign with native authorities, to hold the balance between them with an equal hand, and, forgetting that he is an Englishman, to judge impartially as a citizen of the world’. In pursuit of this ideal Lingard can be said to have given a new dimension to the source materials for English history. As parish priest in the small village of Hornby, near Lancaster, Lingard had few opportunities for travel. But he made good use of his various friends and former pupils at Douai and Ushaw colleges who were settled now in various parts of Europe. It was with the help of these friends that Lingard made contacts with and gained valuable information from archives in France, Italy and Spain. We shall concern ourselves here only with the story of Lingard's contacts with the great Spanish State Archives at Simancas.

scholarly journals La valutazione della disabilità ai fini del riconoscimento dell’indennità di accompagnamento nel soggetto ultra-sessantasettenne

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Alessandrini
Keyword(s):  
Geriatric Assessment ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Personal Assistance ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One ◽  
To Receive

Older people, the fastest growing part of population, are at the highest risk of acquired disability or cognitive decline and, as a consequence, their claim to receive support services, among which the Attendance Allowance for permanent personal assistance, is increasing. This benefit was introduced in the Italian Civil Incapacity system with the law 18/1980 and some relevant innovations were added with the Law 508/1988 and the Decree 509/1988. From a medico-legal point of view, these regulations, define on the one hand the necessary requirements to get a pension (non-contributory), that is physical and or mental disease determining the incapacity for work and, for infra-18 and over-65-year olds, require the “persistent difficulties” to carry out the “tasks and activities” proper to their age. On the other hand, the Law n. 508/1988 identifies also the necessary conditions to get the Attendance Allowance, for those who are unable to get around and/or are unable to carry out daily life activities without the permanent help of a caregiver.Therefore, these regulations specifically provide, first of all, the recognition of the highest level of severity of the “persistent difficulties” concerning the “tasks” and “activities” of the over 65s (prerequisites) and then the judgment for the Attendance Allowance. However, there are considerable difficulties with the assessment of this kind of disability. In fact, we have specific references about incapacity for work indicating the evaluation path and the guide for the rating of permanent impairment (Ministerial Decree 5 February 1992), but there aren’t specific normative and assessment indications about the ability to perform “tasks and activities” in over-65-year-olds (age requirement has become over 67s since January 2019) which allows the risk of a wide evaluating discretion.Italian institutions, like Ministry of Health or INPS (Italian Institute of Social Security) and others officially involved, have attempted to explain and clarify the above-mentioned rating process, but with unsatisfactory results and in some cases even with regressive ones, producing real distortions and interpretative stretches. The author, therefore, after presenting the medico-legal issues for the evaluation of older adults’ disability based on the current regulations, also criticizes the widely found practice of using an atypical, not multidisciplinary, comprehensive geriatric assessment made only for this purpose and elaborate by a single specialist. In fact, the results of a geriatric assessment, like any other Health Certification, is useful to complete the medical history of the subject alleging disability and, therefore, it must be validated by a proper and extensive medico-legal evaluation.

German-Franco Relations Since 1945

1952 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Duroselle
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
Exhaustive Study ◽  
Democratic Constitution ◽  
De Gaulle

I do not intend to write an exhaustive study of the history of Franco-German relations since the capitulation of Germany on May 8, 1945. Such an undertaking is hardly possible in the present state of documentation. It seems to me more useful to concentrate on the essential characteristics of these relations and present them from an objective French point of view, as is natural for a French historian. The subject of French public opinion with regard to Germany has extremely interesting aspects which scholars, educated people from abroad and especially the average citizens of various countries of the world, find it difficult to understand. It is bseyond doubt that, in a country with a democratic constitution like France, public opinion exercises a considerable influence on the government. But conversely the government's influence on public opinion cannot be overlooked. It happens that in France the policy towards Germany since 1945 has been determined by a very small number of men: General de Gaulle, Georges Bidault, Robert Schuman, André François Poncet, René Pleven, Gilbert Grandval (the last to a lesser extent: he is concerned with the Saar problem).

The Philological Thesis

boundary 2 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-107
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Sacks
Keyword(s):  
Tenth Century ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Paul Celan ◽  
Social Form ◽  
Form Of Life ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Aristotle's Metaphysics

This essay addresses the principal form and practice for linguistic domination, philology, to draw out a sense in which philology discombobulates the stabilizing terms it privileges and sends out at the world. This essay traces several moments in a history of the disorganization of linguistic and social form—in the poetic writing of Paul Celan and the Arabic-language translations of Celan offered by the Iraqi poet Khālid al-Ma‘ālī; in Walter Benjamin’s essayistic writing on language and the law; in the tenth-century Arabic-language philosopher Abū Naṣr al-Fārābī; and in Aristotle’s Metaphysics—to suggest the ways in which philology becomes a practice for linguistic indistinction and indefinition. Because language, as philology, ceases to be subordinated to its ends (history, sense, the subject), it becomes a discordant social form; because it disorders the terms privileged in the modern institutions for reading, it speaks to us of a form of life that is obscured in the privileging of the ends to which language is, repeatedly, constrained to be understood.

scholarly journals The concept of "WTO law": The Debate Continues

2018 ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
M. R. Saliya
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vienna Convention ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
International Law Commission ◽  
Scientific Doctrine ◽  
Wto Agreements

The phenomenon of the law of the World Trade Organization continues to be the starting point for the subject of study by international lawyers. The study of the provisions of the "package of WTO agreements", the practices of arbitration groups and the Appeals Body, the reports of the International Law Commission on fragmentation in international law and the scientific doctrine of various countries prove that "WTO law" is a "special treaty regime" existing in the international law framework. Its isolation is out of the discussion at least because the application of the norms of "WTO law" is carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969. This article is an attempt to present the author's point of view on the existing problem.

scholarly journals ESSENCE AND FEATURES OF THE DISCOURSE OF ROMANTIC CULTURE OF LOVE: AN ATTEMPT OF RETHINKING

2018 ◽  
pp. 52-55
Author(s):  
V. E. Turenko
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Romantic Love ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Middle Ages

The article analyzes the nature of the romantic culture of love. Romantic love is seen as a love culture, which includes a set of beliefs, ideals, principles that have developed in the Middle Ages, and the idea of which passes from generation to generation, from one century to another. It is emphasized that the romantic culture of love is not only a discourse of passion and ethos of eros. This cultural-historical type of love absorbs the connotations agape, filia and storge. Consequently, the discourse of those who love in the romantic invariant is not focused solely on passion, it is also caring, understanding, responsibility, attention, sacrifice, etc. – aspects inherent in love-filia, love-storge and love-agape. It is proved that a discourse of romantic culture of love is not realized through the prism of "rose-colored glasses", but in the context of understanding that the emergence of this feeling inevitably generates a sense of vulnerability in both participants of the love discourse. The presence of sorrow in one of the participants of the discourse of love is one of the most characteristic and vivid signs of the romantic culture of love. From the philosophical point of view, various aspects of love affliction are considered as markers of truth and authenticity of feelings, relationships between lovers. Tears, in romantic love - is not the weakness of an object and/or subject of love discourse, but it is their strength, depth and basis for the continuation of their history of feelings. It turns out that in contrast to the modern post-romantic culture of love, in the romantic tradition, the basis of love relations is the maximum recognition of the person. The one who we love is given to us as a fact of life, as the world itself. Love for which the only truly significant and determining any choice is the value of a particular, separate personality. The person we love, in essence, cannot be the subject of evaluation. One may be neither reasonable, nor good, but he/she is capable of transforming a valuable world, revealing its unity, its ability to harmony and doomed to disharmony. The love of human to human (the subject of Love) is the path where all the faces and all the boundaries, that distinguish people from one or another affiliation, disappear.

scholarly journals About the concept of a worldview at the Lviv-Warsaw School (the Ukrainian branch)

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-179
Author(s):  
Olha Anatoliivna Honcharenko
Keyword(s):  
Religious Faith ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Moral Ideal ◽  
Spiritual World ◽  
Balanced Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Natural Impulse

In this paper the author discloses the concept of a worldview and clarifies it’s meaning for humans from the Ukrainian representatives’ the Lviv-Warsaw School (LWS) (1895-1939) point of view. The subject of the article is determined on the one hand by the contemporary “battle for the philosophy” in Ukraine and on the other hand – by the attention of the LWS philosophers to the question of the essence of the worldview, caused by positivism that denied autonomy and peculiarity of man’s spiritual world and defined metaphysics as “conceptual poetry” or religious faith. The analysis of philosophical-pedagogical reflections on the worldview by Ilarion Sventsitskyi, Havryil Kostelnyk, Stepan Baley, Yakym Yarema, Oleksandr Kulchytskyi has been done in the paper. At the same time, a comparative analysis with the views of the Polish representatives of the LWS on the same topic, namely, with the views of Kazimierz Twardowsky, Yan Lukasevich and Tadeusz Kotarbinsky was conducted. It was found that the Ukrainian LWS representatives’ “worldview” is man’s desperate impulse to embrace the world as a whole. The worldview is person’s step to the highest living goods: wisdom and happiness. Such LWS philosophers’ approach to the essence of the worldview is based on a natural impulse of an unselfish desire to know the mystery of the world. Therefore, every human being has the ability to reflect the world in his/her own “I”. Special attention is paid to the fact that the representatives of the LWS defined the “worldview” as independent and autonomous. And only under such circumstances it can guarantee to a person cognition of the truth and creating the moral ideal. That, according to the Ukrainian scientists, can be promoted by acquaintance with the history of worldviews – metaphysics. This, in turn, leads to the interest of the general public, as well as its introduction into the curricula of secondary and higher schools. Undoubtedly, this involves a well-balanced approach to its study, which does not include learning other people’s views on the world, but promoting the design of their own.

scholarly journals The Fitness of the Environment

1914 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-87
Author(s):  
James Y. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Single System ◽  
Dynamic Representation ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

When Darwin first turned the search-light of his genius upon the world of Nature, and under its illumination men were compelled to replace their static views of organic creation by a dynamic representation that made the history of life a connected and, in great part, progressive process from the beginning, attention was mainly concentrated on the fitness of the organism to its environment. The fact of such fitness had long been obvious in differing degrees, but the problem of its causation as a factor in survival was then for the first time philosophically treated in the doctrine of Natural Selection. Nevertheless, it must be admitted that through all the earlier discussions that ranged round these topics the point of view was more or less one-sided. The fitness of the organism to its environment was stressed and stressed again; the question of the fitness of the environment to the organism was seldom raised, or even realized. In some cases, along with views advancedly transmutational, a conception of the environment was maintained that was almost static. The organism, isolated from its environment, was ransacked for its history in the laboratory or made the subject of experiment in order to elucidate its behavior. The conception of the organism and its environment as vitally and reciprocally connected, as a single system undergoing change, had not yet been reached.

Jalan Kesempurnaan Menurut Jamaah Insan Al-Kamil di Cijati Desa Cikareo Selatan Sumedang

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Syarifudin Syarifudin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Core ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Religious Sect ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Each religious sect has its own characteristics, whether fundamental, radical, or religious. One of them is Insan Al-Kamil Congregation, which is in Cijati, South Cikareo Village, Wado District, Sumedang Regency. This congregation is Sufism with the concept of self-purification as the subject of its teachings. So, the purpose of this study is to reveal how the origin of Insan Al-Kamil Congregation, the concept of its purification, and the procedures of achieving its purification. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a normative theological approach as the blade of analysis. In addition, the data generated is the result of observation, interviews, and document studies. From the collected data, Jamaah Insan Al-Kamil adheres to the core teachings of Islam and is the tenth regeneration of Islam Teachings, which refers to the Prophet Muhammad SAW. According to this congregation, self-perfection becomes an obligation that must be achieved by human beings in order to remember Allah when life is done. The process of self-purification is done when human beings still live in the world by knowing His God. Therefore, the peak of self-purification is called Insan Kamil. 

History of Tour de France from the Geographical Point of View

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 255-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Bačík ◽  
Michal Klobučník
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
The World ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Tour De France ◽  
Wide Circle ◽  
History Of ◽  
Expert Community ◽  
Geographical Point

Abstract The Tour de France, a three week bicycle race has a unique place in the world of sports. The 100th edition of the event took place in 2013. In the past of 110 years of its history, people noticed unique stories and duels in particular periods, celebrities that became legends that the world of sports will never forget. Also many places where the races unfolded made history in the Tour de France. In this article we tried to point out the spatial context of this event using advanced technologies for distribution of historical facts over the Internet. The Introduction briefly displays the attendance of a particular stage based on a regional point of view. The main topic deals with selected historical aspects of difficult ascents which every year decide the winner of Tour de France, and also attract fans from all over the world. In the final stage of the research, the distribution of results on the website available to a wide circle of fans of this sports event played a very significant part (www.tdfrance.eu). Using advanced methods and procedures we have tried to capture the historical and spatial dimensions of Tour de France in its general form and thus offering a new view of this unique sports event not only to the expert community, but for the general public as well.

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