Conversion of Ethanol Instable Milk to Stable One

Milk ethanol stability is defined as the minimum concentration of added aqueous ethanol giving rise to milk coagulation. The milk, which shows a positive reaction to the alcohol test, is usually graded as second rate and diverted for butter making but not condensed milk. The ions calcium, potassium, and chlorides are mainly responsible for the alcohol instability of milk. As there is no rational method to convert ethanol sensitive-milk to ethanol-insensitive one, we attempted to test and remove this bad quality with two homeopathic remedies, KaliMuririaticum200 andCalcareaPhosphorica12 x. We gave these medicines for seven days to16 cows whose milk was sensitive to 70% alcohol. The results were dramatic and proved the high efficacy of the homeopathic system of medicine, and gave conclusive evidence that ions calcium and chlorides are responsible for milk instability. Kali mur 200(higher potency) removed the detrimental effects of potassium and chlorides and calcarean phos12 x (lower potency) fortified the alcohol stability of milk. Both the remedies acted synergistically.

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Rational method for designing efficient separations by chromatography on polystyrene–divinylbenzene resins eluted with aqueous ethanol

Journal of Chromatography A ◽

10.1016/j.chroma.2007.04.017 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1162 (1) ◽

pp. 50-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Shuichi Yamamoto ◽

Masashi Hakoda ◽

Takahiro Oda ◽

Mareto Hosono

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Ethanol ◽

Rational Method

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Physicochemical, Microbiological and Technological Properties of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) Milk during Lactation

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030906 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 906

Author(s):

María Isabel Berruga ◽

Juan Ángel de la Vara ◽

Carmen C. Licón ◽

Ana Isabel Garzón ◽

Andrés José García ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Red Deer ◽

Mean Values ◽

Stage Of Lactation ◽

Rennet Coagulation ◽

Milk Fat Globule ◽

Milk Coagulation ◽

Ethanol Stability

This study describes chemical, physical, microbiological and technological characteristics of red deer milk and the effect of lactation on these parameters in order to know their potential aptitude to elaborate dairy products. During 18 weeks, milk from five hinds was monitored for composition, bacteriology, somatic cell count (SCC), physical properties and rennet coagulation. Mean values (g/100 g) for fat, protein, lactose and dry matter were 10.4, 7.1, 4.3 and 24.2, respectively, and for urea, 265 mg/100 mL. Except for lactose, a significant increase in these components was observed (p < 0.01) as lactation progressed. The average values for bacteriology and SCC were 5.3 log cfu/mL and 4.7 log cells/mL, respectively. Regarding physical properties, conductivity (mean: 2.8 ms/cm), viscosity (3.1 Cp), coordinates L* (89.9) and a* (−3.1) and milk fat globule diameter (D4,3: 6.1 µm) increased along with lactation while density (1.038 g/mL) decreased (p < 0.01). The pH (6.7), acidity (22.9° Dornic), coordinate b* (8.4) and ethanol stability (66.6% v/v) were stable during the study period. The stage of lactation also has a significant impact on milk coagulation properties and mean curd yield was 3.29 g/10 mL. These results suggest that red deer milk could be a potential innovative source of milk for the dairy industry.

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Homologous serological analysis of Rhizobium meliloti strains by immunodiffusion

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m80-191 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 1157-1161 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

R. C. Sinha ◽

E. A. Peterson

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Positive Reaction ◽

Rhizobium Meliloti ◽

Surface Antigens ◽

Serological Analysis ◽

Intact Cells ◽

Minimum Concentration ◽

Heat Stable ◽

Cell Densities ◽

Different Strains

The homologous titers of antisera prepared against 24 Rhizobium meliloti strains ranged from 8 to 64 in immunodiffusion tests when intact cells were used as test antigens. The antisera titers against a number of strains were higher when heated or ultrasonicated cell preparations were used as sources of antigens. The minimum concentration of intact cells required to produce a positive reaction varied between strains and the heat treatment of the cells of some strains increased the detectability of surface antigens. Titers of antigens in sonicated preparations of several strains were higher than those of either intact or heated cells. The minimum concentration of antigens detectable for different strains was independent of the antisera titers. Serological reactions of strains using intact cells were categorized in several groups based on the shape, position, and number of precipitin bands formed at different cell densities. The sonicated cell preparations produced additional bands and most strains contained both heat-stable and heat-labile antigens in such preparations. Some of these antigens were similar but not identical to the surface antigens whereas others appeared to be unrelated.

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713. The relation between the chemical composition of milk and the stability of the caseinate complex: II. Coagulation by ethanol

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029900009250 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 256-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

D. T. Davies ◽

J. C. D. White

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Aqueous Ethanol ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Ionized Calcium ◽

Bulk Milk ◽

The Stability ◽

The Relationship ◽

Ethanol Stability

1. The variation in the stability of milk protein to ethanol and the relationship between milk composition and ethanol stability were examined.2. Samples of herd bulk milk were very similar in stability to ethanol; the range of aqueous ethanol solutions required to coagulate the caseinate complex in an equal volume of milk was only 80–84% (v/v) ethanol. Samples from individual cows showed a wide variation in stability; coagulation was caused by ethanol solutions ranging in strength from 66 to 90% (v/v) ethanol.3. Colostrum was very unstable to ethanol but stability rapidly increased during the post-colostrum period to higher levels in mid-lactation. Late lactation and subclinical mastitis milk showed no definite bias towards stability or instability.4. The strength of ethanol required to coagulate the caseinate complex in an equal volume of milk was inversely related to the concentration of ionized calcium in the milk. The correlation coefficient was –0·76 (significant at 0·001 level) indicating that approximately 60% of the variation in stability was accounted for by the variation in the concentration of ionized calcium.5. The relationships between the concentrations of other milk constituents and stability to ethanol could be attributed to the interrelations of the concentrations of these constituents and the concentration of ionized calcium.

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Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Red Pulp of the Spleen

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010006653x ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 29 ◽

pp. 496-497

Author(s):

Masayuki Miyoshi

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Ringer Solution ◽

Conclusive Evidence ◽

Sinus Wall ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Type 3 ◽

Cytoplasmic Processes ◽

Splenic Red Pulp ◽

Scanning Electron ◽

Red Pulp

In spite of various attempts, conclusive evidence to explain blood passage in the splenic red pulp does not seem to have been presented. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations on the rabbit spleen, originally performed by us, revealed that the sinus was lined by a perforated lattice composed of longitudinally extended rod cells and transverse cytoplasmic processes, and that perforations in the lattice were continuous to the spaces among the stellate reticulum cells of the cord. In the present study the observation was extended to the dog and rat spleens, in which the cord is more developed than in the rabbit in order to clarify the possible differences in the fine structure of the sinus wall. An attempt was also made to examine the development and distribution of macrophage in the blood passage of the red pulp.Spleens were washed and fixed by perfusion with Ringer solution and then with buffered glutaraldehyde. Small tissue cubes were dehydrated with acetone, dried in air and heated with gold. Observations were made by a JEOL SEM Type-3. One air dried tissue cube was cut into small pieces and post fixed with buffered OsO4 for examination under the transmission electron microscope (TEM).

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Histochemical and Ultrastructural Studies of the Digestive Epithelium in a Gastropod Gametolytic Organ

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s143192760000252x ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 568-569

Author(s):

R. L. Reeder ◽

S. H. Rogers ◽

W. A. Shannon

Keyword(s):

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Genital Tract ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Ultrastructural Level ◽

Conclusive Evidence ◽

Digestive Organ ◽

Limited Information ◽

Ultrastructural Studies ◽

Morphological Studies

Numerous morphological studies have dealt with the spermatheca of pulmonate gastropods. This globular organ, which is attached to the female portion of the reproductive tract by a long duct in these monoecious animals, has had various functions ascribed to it. Recent histochemical demonstrations of deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease, protease, and acid phosphatase have provided, however, conclusive evidence that it is a digestive organ for the degradation of superfluous sperm and genital tract secretions. Only limited information concerning the spermatheca is available at the ultrastructural level, a fact providing the stimulus for the present study of this organ in Sonorella santaritana, a desert mountain snail from Arizona.

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