scholarly journals Sufferings and Starvation in Kamala Markandaya’s Nectar in a Sieve

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
V P Malathi
Keyword(s):  
Modern Technology ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
World War ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Kamala Markandaya ◽  
Indian Village ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Second World

Kamala Markandaya is one of the best known contemporary Indian novelists. Her novels are remarkable for their range of experience. Her first novel Nectar in a Sieve is set in a village and it examines the hard agricultural life of the south Indian village where industry and modern technology played havoc. Kamala Markandaya occupies a very important position among the women novelist who have made substantial contribution to Indian fiction after the Second World War. Markandaya had not always lived abroad. She was born as Kamala Purnaiya in 1924 in Mysore and she was also a journalist. At some point, she decided to spend 18 months in a village “out of curiosity”. This inspired the setting of her first novel, centred on Rukmani and her husband Nathan. Nectar in a Sieve is remarkable for its portrayal of rustics who live in fear, hunger and despair. It is of the dark future; fear of the sharpness of hunger; fear of blackness of death. Almost all the characters in this novel lead miserable life and most of them fail to survive. There are at least a couple of them who were not successfully struggle and have the concept of survival. This novel tells the story of landless peasants of India who face starvation, oppression, breakup of family, home and death. Yet they retain their compassion, love, the strength to face their life and take delight in the little pleasures of the daily existence.

Zabiegi likwidujące skutki obrzezania wykonywane w Warszawie w czasie drugiej wojny światowej. Wstępna próba opisu zjawiska

2017 ◽  
pp. 437-446
Author(s):  
Maria Ciesielska
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
World War ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Reconstruction Surgery ◽  
Repair Operation ◽  
Manual Treatment ◽  
Operating Technique ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Second World

Men’s circumcision is in many countries considered as a hygienic-cosmetic or aesthetic treatment. However, it still remains in close connection with religious rites (Judaism, Islam) and is still practiced all over the world. During the Second World War the visible effects of circumcision became an indisputable evidence of being a Jew and were often used especially by the so-called szmalcownicy (blackmailers). Fear of the possibility of discovering as non-Aryan prompted many Jews hiding on the so-called Aryan side of Warsaw to seek medical practitioners who would restore the condition as it was before the circumcision. The reconstruction surgery was called in surgical jargon “knife baptizing”. Almost all of the procedures were performed by Aryan doctors although four cases of hiding Jewish doctors participating in such procedures are known. Surgical technique consisted of the surgical formation of a new foreskin after tissue preparation and stretching it by manual treatment. The success of the repair operation depended on the patient’s cooperation with the doctor, the worst result was in children. The physicians described in the article and the operating technique are probably only a fragment of a broader activity, described meticulously by only one of the doctors – Dr. Janusz Skórski. This work is an attempt to describe the phenomenon based on the very scanty source material, but it seems to be the first such attempt for several decades.

Alexander and the Iranians

1980 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Bosworth
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Living Together ◽  
The One ◽  
Polar Opposite ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Second World

The last two decades have seen a welcome erosion of traditional dogmas of Alexander scholarship, and a number of hallowed theories, raised on a cushion of metaphysical speculation above the mundane historical evidence, have succumbed to attacks based on rigorous logic and source analysis. The brotherhood of man as a vision of Alexander is dead, as is (one hopes) the idea that all Alexander sources can be divided into sheep and goats, the one based on extracts from the archives and the other mere rhetorical fantasy. One notable theory, however, still flourishes and has indeed been described as one of the few certainties among Alexander's aims. This is the so-called policy of fusion. As so often, the idea and terminology go back to J. G. Droysen, who hailed Alexander's marriage to Rhoxane as a symbol of the fusion (Verschmelzung) of Europe and Asia, which (he claimed) the king recognised as the consequence of his victory. At Susa the fusion of east and west was complete and Alexander, as interpreted by Droysen, saw in that fusion the guarantee of the strength and stability of his empire. Once enunciated, Droysen's formulation passed down the mainstream of German historiography, to Kaerst, Wilcken, Berve and Schachermeyr, and has penetrated to almost all arteries of Alexander scholarship. Like the figure of Alexander himself the theory is flexible and capable of strange metamorphoses. In the hands of Tarn it developed into the idea of all subjects, Greek and barbarian, living together in unity and concord in a universal empire of peace. The polar opposite is an essay of Helmut Berve, written in the heady days before the Second World War, in which he claimed that Alexander, with commendable respect for Aryan supremacy, planned a blending of the Macedonian and Persian peoples, so that the two racially related (!)Herrenvölkerwould lord it over the rest of the world empire. On Berve's interpretation the policy had two stages. Alexander first recognised the merits of the Iranian peoples and placed them alongside the Macedonians in his court and army hierarchy. Next came the ‘Blutvermischung’, the integration of the two peoples by marriage.

Some Social Concomitants of Industrialization and Urbanization

1959 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Kahl
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
World History ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
World War ◽  
Material Benefits ◽  
Second World ◽  
Mode Of Production

The transformation of society by industrialization and urbanization is currently of great concern to men of affairs and to men of science. Since the second World War the rate of industrialization has increased as people in previously isolated or tradition-bound societies have entered the main stream of world history to demand the material benefits of modern technology. They often seek those material benefits while hoping to retain their traditional cultures, yet, since England pointed the way in the eighteenth century, experience indicates that their hopes are utopian, for a radical change in the mode of production has profound repercussions on the rest of culture. This generalization is as sure as any in all of social science, but it is so abstract as to offer little guide to one who wants to know what the specific consequences of industrialization are likely to be. Some recent research helps us to do better.

scholarly journals My Shirt Is in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia Townsend Warner
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Home Front ◽  
World War ◽  
Voluntary Service ◽  
Sylvia Townsend Warner ◽  
Civil Defence ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Village ◽  
Second World

Sylvia Townsend Warner lived for nearly half her life in Maiden Newton. Surprisingly, since she was a Communist, and Maiden Newton was a working-class village, she showed little interest in its people. During the Second World War, however, she inevitably became more involved with them. ‘Miss Warner’ was a driving force in the Women’s Voluntary Service in Dorchester, and in Maiden Newton’s Civil Defence. Almost all of her short stories about the village date from this chaotic and unpredictable period. They provide a rich source of material about the village’s Home Front, and show Warner’s attitude to it all: a mix of amusement, pity and resignation which combine to make some very fine stories.

Australian Women Writing History during the Interwar and Second World War Years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Women Writers ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Political Affiliation ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Literary Collaboration ◽  
Historical Writings ◽  
Second World

In the interwar and Second World War periods, women writers took the lead in the Australian literary scene in an unprecedented way, producing a number of significant novels, plays, and works of nonfiction that interrogated issues of colonialism, nationalism, gender relations, and Australia’s place in the world. Many of these works had period settings or were engaged in some way with Australia’s settler colonial past. While the historical writings of Australian women writers vary greatly in terms of literary style, genre, cultural value, political affiliation, and the degree to which they either contest or reify ideas of national progress, these works represent a substantial contribution to the reimagining of the nation’s past in the period from the late 1920s to the mid-1940s. Furthermore, many of the fictional works of these women writers traveled beyond national borders due to the new mobilities of publication and distribution available to Australian writers at the time. Two major case studies reveal the ways in which Australian women writers contributed to the writing of Australian history in both national and international contexts in the interwar and Second World War years: M. Barnard Eldershaw, the pseudonym for the literary collaboration between Marjorie Barnard (1897–1987) and Flora Eldershaw (1897–1956), and Eleanor Dark (1901–1985).

scholarly journals The Piano Music of Maurice Ohana

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Caroline Rae
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Piano Music ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Solo Piano ◽  
Concert Pianist ◽  
Santa Cecilia ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Second World ◽  
Scale Composition

A composer whose first works date from his early thirties and whose first important, large-scale composition does not appear until the age of thirty-seven could well be perceived as a late starter. This to some extent was the case with Maurice Ohana. The earliest works which he allowed to remain in his catalogue were composed towards the end of the Second World War when, taking advantage of his army posting to Italy, he enrolled in the piano class of Alfredo Casella at the Academia Santa Cecilia in Rome. Although he established his compositional presence later than most others belonging to that illustrious generation of composers born in and around 1913, it would be misleading to suggest that Ohana either came to music late in life or was to any extent a late developer. His real beginnings as a composer were delayed not only by the Second World War, but by the success of his first career as a concert pianist which he pursued throughout the 1930s and for some time after his war service. It is not surprising, therefore, that music for his own instrument, the piano, should figure prominently in Ohanas catalogue. Indeed, much of his compositional development is reflected through his work in this medium, his music for solo piano spanning almost all of his creative years from the mid 1940s to the mid 1980s.

scholarly journals Divine Winds and Human Waves: The Kamikaze’s rise over the Course of Japanese History

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
ShaoYuan Su ◽  
Andrew R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Japanese History ◽  
World War ◽  
Meiji Restoration ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Second World

Japan's World War II Kamikaze-attack strategy has become common knowledge to almost all Americans, with many sharing a preconception of fanatical and desperate Japanese pilots willfully crashing into American ships; however, this essay will demonstrate that the progression to suicidal aircraft attacks evolved gradually over the course of Japanese history. The roots of Kamikaze extend as far back as the Mongol Invasions of Japan, and it rose to prominence first during the Meiji Restoration and then with Nogi's actions during the Russo-Japanese war. This paper will trace the progression of Kamikaze throughout Japanese history to explain how a sequence of events, some directed by chance and others directed by commanders, culminated in Japan’s purpose-built, manned flying bombs that emerge in the Second World War. Understanding the historical context of Kamikaze and its logical evolution over time will help dispel the commonly held preconception of the singularly devoted but maniacally deranged Japanese soldier.

The Search for Synthetic Penicillin during World War II

1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Patrick Swann
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Natural Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wonder Drug ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Second World ◽  
General Organization

In the past thirty or forty years scientists, historians, and others have written many histories of the wonder drug, penicillin. However, almost all of these works fail to develop an important part of the history of penicillin: the attempt to synthesize the drug during the Second World War. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore this largely unexamined episode in the history of science, and to answer some relevant questions. For example, why was there a need for synthetic penicillin? What organizational plans had to be made in order to accommodate this massive endeavor? What was the effect of the search for a synthesis on the natural production of this drug? And finally, did chemists ever devise a successful synthesis? Before attempting to answer these and other questions, a brief introduction to 1) the discovery and development of penicillin as a therapeutic agent, and 2) the general organization of wartime medical research in the United States and Great Britain, is necessary.

Sustainable Tourism Development: the Case of Periyar Tiger Reserve

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-140
Author(s):  
M. R. Dileep
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
Tiger Reserve ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Periyar Tiger Reserve ◽  
Second World ◽  
Modern Form

Tourism, evolved through many centuries, is one of the most vibrant, growing and economically useful activities in the world having wide cultural and social ramifications. In its modern form, since the end of the Second World War; tourism has grown into one of the world's largest industries with a growth rate in excess of 5 percent per annum over the past twenty years. It is accepted that tourism is a major force in the economy of the world, an activity of global importance & significance (Cooper, et. al, 1996). This most rapidly expanding industry is contributing over ten per cent to global GDP and generating employment for 200 million people (WTTC). It is reported that Travel & Tourism can be part of the solution to world problems, such as bridging the gap between the 'have's and 'have nots'. As an economic activity it can help contribute to the alleviation of poverty in almost all the areas of the globe. But at the same time attention has also been focused on the impacts of tourism on different spheres, in particular on the physical and human environment of destination, creating new, vitally important issues of consideration on this tourism agenda.

scholarly journals Migrations of ethnic Albanians in Kosovo 1938-1950

Balcanica ◽  
2007 ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mile Bjelajac
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Census Data ◽  
First World War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Second World ◽  
First World

The Kosovo crisis and the dissolution of the SFR of Yugoslavia provoked the scholarly community to respond in many and varied ways. This paper seeks to show how difficult it was for many to 'navigate' between the 'rocks' of hard fact and pure propaganda, and in what ways that open-ended situation echoes in the present. A more important goal, however, is to put forward the results of my research regarding the reliability of the Yugoslav census data of 1931 which may shed clarifying light on the vastly discrepant demographic figures that are currently in use. The 1931 census data for non-Slav minorities were highly classified and intended only for internal government use in response to the needs of external defense or internal order. Migrations of the ethnic Albanians and other ethnic groups in the Kosovo region during the first half of the twentieth century led to significant shifts in ethnic proportions. It is almost impossible to form a clear fact-based picture of what had happened during the First World War and why the Orthodox Christian Serbian population dropped to 21.1% in 1921, almost twice as low as their number in 1911. On the other hand, it is debatable how many ethnic Albanians or Turks permanently emigrated or went in exile in 1918-21. According to various Yugoslav data sources, some 65,000 settlers and state officials came to Kosovo, while some 24,000 Muslims from all parts of Yugoslavia emigrated to Turkey or Albania. The Second World War brought about another significant population shift. Some 10,000 Serbs were killed in 1941, while almost all Christian Orthodox settler families (about 60,000 people) were expelled. The expulsion was followed by an inflow of Albanians from Albania proper. Only two thirds of the expelled were permitted to return after 1945. The provisional Yugoslav census of 1948 registered a significant increase for Albanians and a decrease for Serbs and Montenegrins or, expressed in percentage terms, Serbs dropped from 33.1% to 27.5% and Albanians rose from 54.4% to 68.5% of the total population in the region. The Tito-Stalin split in 1948 and strained relations with Albania led to another wave of immigrants from that country Yugoslav historians had evidence for at least 30,000 and indications, yet to be proven, for some 75,000.

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