scholarly journals Heavy metal phytoremediation: Potential and advancement

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Pushpa Chaudhary Tomar ◽  
Shilpa Samir Chapadgaonkar ◽  
Varsha Panchal ◽  
Arpita Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Land Resource ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Different Types

Industrial activities lead to the release of different types of toxic metals into the environment. Phytoremediation has been established as one of the environmental-friendly and economical processes that have the potential for the remediation of industrial waste. Phytoremediation is used to extract metals from industrial effluents using ex-situ and in-situ treatments. Also, phytoremediation may be used to reclaim the polluted land resource for agricultural purposes. Moreover, this also prevents the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of xenobiotics from farming activities if carried out from polluted land. Phyto-mining can be done to recover and reuse the heavy metals from plant tissues after phytoremediation by plants. This study aimed to give a comprehensive review of recent research work in heavy metal phytoremediation.

scholarly journals Status mutu air dan kandungan logam berat pada air dan sedimen di muara Krueng Aceh, Kota Banda Aceh

DEPIK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Iqbalul Hadi ◽  
Suhendrayatna Suhendrayatna ◽  
Zainal Abidin Muchlisin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Quality Status

The aim of this research was to examine the status of water qaility of the Krueng Aceh estuary and heavy metal content in water and sediment. Data were taken by direct measurement in the field (in situ) and in the laboratory (ex situ). Three sampling stations were determined by purposive sampling, namely; in the left bank (nearest location with TPA), right bank (nearest location to market) and middle river (middle river area often passed by fisherman boat). Heavy metal analysis was conducted using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer) method and water quality status determined by STORET method. Based on the research result showed that that water quality parameters that have passed the standard of PP RI No. 82 Year 2001 Group III is TDS with an average value of 3332.78 mg / L, Pb with an average value of 0.052 mg / L, and Cd with an average value of 0.015 mg / L. The quality status of Krueng Aceh estuary water is classified into a moderate polluted or class C with a score of -23. The highest heavy metal content found in water sample is Pb with concentration of 0.106 mg / L. While, the average value of Pb was 0.052 mg / L and Cd was 0.015 mg /L, its have passed the quality standard specified in PP RI no. No. 82 of 2001. In addition, the highest heavy metal content found in sediment was Zn with the concentration of 29.633 mg /kg and its average value was still below the standard set by ANZECC ISQG-Low.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui status mutu kualitas air muara Krueng Aceh dan kandungan logam berat yang terdapat pada air dan sedimen. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survey. Data parameter yang diambil melalui pengukuran langsung di lapangan (in situ) dan di laboratorium (ex situ). Penentuan stasiun sampling secara purposive, yaitu pada muara Krueng Aceh dengan menetapkan tiga titik sampling yaitu pada tepi kiri (lokasi terdekat dengan TPA), tepi kanan (lokasi terdekat dengan pasar) dan tengah sungai (daerah tengah aliran sungai yang sering dilalui boat nelayan). Analisis logam berat dilakukan dengan metode SSA (Spektrofometri Serapan Atom) dan status mutu air ditentukan dengan metode STORET. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui parameter kualitas air yang telah melewati baku mutu PP RI No 82 Tahun 2001 Golongan III adalah TDS dengan dengan nilai rata-rata 3332,78 mg/L, Pb dengan nilai rata-rata 0,052 mg/L, dan Cd dengan nilai rata-rata 0,015 mg/L. Status mutu air muara Krueng Aceh diklasifikasikan ke dalam tercemar sedang atau kelas C dengan skor -23. Kandungan logam berat tertinggi yang ditemukan pada sampel air di muara Krueng Aceh adalah Pb dengan konsentrasi 0,106 mg/L. Nilai rata-rata Pb 0,052 mg/L dan Cd 0,015 mg/L telah melewati baku mutu yang ditetapkan dalam PP RI No. 82 Tahun 2001. Kandungan logam berat tertinggi yang ditemukan pada sampel sedimen di muara Krueng Aceh adalah Zn dengan konsentrasi 29,633 mg/Kg dan nilai rata-ratanya masih berada di bawah baku mutu yang ditetapkan oleh ANZECC ISQG-Low. 

scholarly journals Research work on Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris in Slovakia

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S47-S49 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Pospíšilová ◽  
R. Šimora ◽  
D. Sekera
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Wild Grapevine ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Vitis Sylvestris

&nbsp;By 2008, twelve localities had been investigated. At each location we assessed the degree of threats to the wild grapevine. Flowering plants were seldom found. The plants found were localized geographically, and 149 vines were described using the characteristics of shoot types and leaves, using the O.I.V. descriptor list. Morphological differences of the leaf shape, hair or bristle density are high. A few seeds which were found in dry black berries are much smaller in size than the seeds of <I>Vitis vinifera </I>ssp. <I>sativa</I>. From plants that were easily attainable, cuttings were taken with the objective to multiply the <I>Vitis sylvestris </I>and to establish an <I>ex situ </I>collection. In 2008, we repeated the procedure with 54 vines. The state of health of the vines <I>in situ </I>is very good. No fungal diseases were visible, and mites occurred only rarely. In the nursery, some plants were contaminated by mildew.

scholarly journals Control of Contaminant Transport Caused by Open-Air Heavy Metal Slag in Zhehai, Southwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Jiang Zhao ◽  
Zhihua Chen ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Caijuan Xiang ◽  
Mingming Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminant Transport ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Outflow Channels ◽  
Slag Heap ◽  
Clay Layers ◽  
And Control ◽  
Infiltration Recharge

Slag heaps are formed by mining waste materials, and the improper treatment of leachate from such heaps can threaten nearby aquifers. The Zhehai slag heap in Yunnan Province, China, contains 2.7 million tons of zinc and cadmium slag, and is considered a heavy metal source threatening the local groundwater safety, however, the severity of contamination remains unknown. In this study, numerical modeling was used to predict the groundwater flow and contaminant transport in this area based on field data. The results show that the atmospheric precipitation infiltration recharge at the top of the heap is 81.8 m3/d, accounting for 93.76% of total infiltration. The south and east sides of the area are the main outflow channels for contaminants, accounting for 93.25% of the total discharge around the heap. To reduce aquifer contamination, an in situ system involving a “controlling the source, ‘breaking’ the path, and intercepting the flow” (CSBPIF) strategy is established. The results indicate that the system performs well because it not only decreases the flow velocity but also reduces the concentrations of contaminants adsorbed by clay media. Moreover, the equivalent bottom liner thicknesses of the clay layers were calculated to improve the applicability of the CSBPIF system. Compared with ex situ disposal, this scheme provides an economic and effective solution and can be used to prevent and control groundwater pollution in China.

scholarly journals Structural Vulnerability Assessment of Heritage Timber Buildings: A Methodological Proposal

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 881
Author(s):  
Amirhosein Shabani ◽  
Mahdi Kioumarsi ◽  
Vagelis Plevris ◽  
Haris Stamatopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Structural Vulnerability ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Vulnerability Assessments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Risk Knowledge

The conservation of heritage structures is pivotal not only due to their cultural or historical importance for nations, but also for understanding their construction techniques as a lesson that can be applied to contemporary structures. Timber is considered to be the oldest organic construction material and is more vulnerable to environmental threats than nonorganic materials such as masonry bricks. In order to assess the structural vulnerability of heritage timber structures subjected to different types of risk, knowledge about their structural systems and configurations, the nature and properties of the materials, and the behavior of the structure when subjected to different risks, is essential for analysts. In order to facilitate the procedure, different assessment methods have been divided into the categories in situ and ex situ, which are applicable for vulnerability assessments at the element and full-scale level of a case study. An existing methodology for structural vulnerability assessments and conservation of heritage timber buildings is reviewed and a new methodology is proposed.

scholarly journals Hexachlorocyclohexane toxicity in water bodies of Pakistan: challenges and possible reclamation technologies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talat Ara ◽  
Waqar-Un Nisa ◽  
Muzammil Anjum ◽  
Luqman Riaz ◽  
Aansa Rukya Saleem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
In Situ Remediation ◽  
Residual Concentration

Abstract Pakistan is an agro-economy country where the hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) pesticides is being used to improve the crop productivity, as a result, the risk of contamination of soil and sediment has been increased. HCH exhibits all the characteristics of persistent organic pollutants (POP), therefore; added to the list of ‘new POPs’ in 2009. This review report revealed that the major rivers of Pakistan such as Indus Basin, River Ravi, River Chenab and their tributaries all are contaminated with HCH and the highest residual concentration (4,090 ng/g) was detected in pesticide burial ground in Hyderabad city. Major sources of HCH contamination were identified as agricultural runoff, discharge of untreated industrial effluents and surface runoff. In order to manage HCH pollution, various ex-situ and in-situ remediation techniques along with their merits and demerits are thoroughly reviewed. Among these, microbial bioremediation is low cost, environment friendly, effective in-situ remediation technique for remediation of HCH. Overall, the information provided in this manuscript will provide a future reference to the scientific community and bridge the knowledge gap between HCH release in environment and their mitigation through proper treatment method.

scholarly journals Isolation and Screening of Azo Dyes Tolerant Bacteria in Semi-Scale Industrial Effluents

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-61
Author(s):  
V K Pandey ◽  
N Kumar ◽  
A K Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Organic Compound ◽  
Azo Dyes ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Industrial Processing

Dyes are organic compound have colouring properties of the object which used in industrial application. Huge effluent are releasing by industrial processing, where the microorganism may naturally adopted against particular problems. Present work focused over the selection and screening few best native candidates from diverse bacteria from semi-skilled dye industrial effluent. From eleven isolated bacterial colonies only two are found resistant against azo dyes (Methyl orange and Trypan blue). During the screening it observed that isolates of bacteria (VN1 and VN2) were tolerates and decolorize azo dye up to 500 ppm. These bacterial strain can be used efficientlyremoval of dyes contamina-tion from ex-situ and in-situ.

scholarly journals Advances in Heavy Metal Bioremediation: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ali Sayqal ◽  
Omar B. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal Remediation ◽  
Land Farming ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Metal Bioremediation

The pollution of toxic heavy metals is considered one of the most important environmental issues which has accelerated dramatically due to changing industrial activities. This review focuses on the most common methods, strategies, and biological approaches of heavy metal bioremediation. Also, it provides a general overview of the role of microorganisms in the bioremediation of heavy metals in polluted environments. Advanced methods of heavy metal remediation include physicochemical and biological methods; the latter can be further classified into in situ and ex situ bioremediation. The in situ process includes bioventing, biosparging, biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and phytoremediation. Ex situ bioremediation includes land farming, composting, biopiles, and bioreactors. Bioremediation uses naturally occurring microorganisms such as Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Rhodococcus, Alcaligenes, and Mycobacterium. Generally, bioremediation is of very less effort, less labor intensive, cheap, ecofriendly, sustainable, and relatively easy to implement. Most of the disadvantages of bioremediation relate to the slowness and time-consumption; furthermore, the products of biodegradation sometimes become more toxic than the original compound. The performance evaluation of bioremediation might be difficult as it has no acceptable endpoint. There is a need for further studies to develop bioremediation technologies in order to find more biological solutions for bioremediation of heavy metal contamination from different environmental systems.

scholarly journals The Reserva de la Biosfera Barranca de Metztitlán (Hidalgo): An illustrated checklist of bromeliads and orchids and their high levels of Mexican endemisms

PhytoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 105-123
Author(s):  
Claudia T. Hornung-Leoni ◽  
Yesenia J. Chavarria-Olmedo ◽  
Ivón M. Ramírez-Morillo
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
New Records ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Natural Area ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Conservation Plan

This study presents a list of species of the two most important families with epiphytic elements, Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae, from the Reserva de la Biosfera Barranca de Metztitlán (RBBM), the largest Reserve in Hidalgo, Mexico. Thirty-four species are included, 26 corresponding to species in three genera of bromeliads, and eight species in six genera of orchids. The new records represent 26.5% of the total listed in the area; nine of them are new records for the Reserve (RBBM) and one is new for Hidalgo State. This study reveals that endemism for both families is very important in the Reserve (55.88%), since it includes 13 Mexican bromeliads, of which two are endemic to Hidalgo and one to the Reserve, and three orchids, two endemic to Mexico and one to the Reserve. We found species with different types of relative abundance: rare (16) and occasional (7). Additionally, we include information about the category (IUCN, CITES, NOM-059-SEMARNAT) as well as uses reported in the literature for the species in the RBBM. The checklist is strictly based on information obtained from deposited herbarium specimens as well as from those collected during fieldwork. We suggest that a conservation plan (in situ and ex situ) for the RBBM is important and necessary. The predominant habit for both families is epiphytic (17 species); even though there are terrestrial (7) and saxicolous (2), and the remaining are facultative species (8). Nine species are included in some risk category. The present work is the most complete and updated list of Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae for this important natural area in the Mexican State of Hidalgo. However, more fieldwork is needed to document the biodiversity of the area in general and its flora in particular, as a way to highlight the importance of protected areas in preserving biodiversity.

The surface structure of GaAs(100) studied by RHEED and REM

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 626-627
Author(s):  
Tung Hsu ◽  
G.S. Petrich ◽  
P. I. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Flux Ratio ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
High Energy Electron ◽  
Grown Film ◽  
Mbe Growth ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Reflection Electron Microscopy

Three GaAs( 100) samples, each grown on a differently misoriented GaAs( 100) substrate, were prepared using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and characterized by in situ reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and ex situ RHEED and reflection electron microscopy (REM): A: the substrate is 2° off the (100) toward [011] (A misorientation),B: the substrate is 2° off the (100) toward (B misorientation), andC: the substrate is within 0.1° of (100) (Fig. 1).The goals were to compare the effects of MBE growth and oxidation on the different types of steps formed on these surfaces. Understanding the processes involved in promoting ordering of terrace lengths, and reduction of meandering and step bunching is crucial to current attempts to fabricate quantum wire structures.Samples were prepared by chemically etching the substrates and then growing 0.2μm of GaAs at 600°C, at a rate of 0.4μm/h, and using a 3:1 As:Ga flux ratio. Shapes of the in situ RHEED spots were used to measure the step configuration while the oscillation of RHEED intensities was used to determine the thickness of the grown film.

scholarly journals Palaeogeographical heritage of the Permian Period in the network of protected areas and museums of the Perm Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 02018
Author(s):  
Yuliya Glazyrina ◽  
Larisa Zhuzhgova ◽  
Sergey Buzmakov ◽  
Pavel Sannikov
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The City ◽  
Perm Region

Article presents an overview of palaeogeographical heritage of the Permian Period in the network of protected areas and museums of the Perm Region. Permian Period, received its name after the city of Perm in Russia, includes the so-called “Main Permian Field”. It contains two types of palaeogeorgaphical heritage: marine and terrestrial. The representation of palaeogeographical objects of different types is analysed for the geoheritage of the protected areas in situ. Geoheritage ex situ, in the network of the regional museum collections, is estimated from the representative aspects. Recommendations on optimization of the protected areas network and museum acquisition is given from the point of view of paleo-geographical heritage objects representation.

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