ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS OF ACCESSORY FORAMINA TRANSVERSARIA IN CERVICAL VERTEBRAE

Introduction: The cervical vertebrae are cranially placed, moveable vertebrae in the human body. The characteristic feature of these vertebrae are the presence of a Foramen Transversarium (FT) in each lateral mass. A plexus of sympathetic nerves surrounding the Vertebral Artery (VA) and Vertebral Veins (VV) passes through the FT. The variable number and size of FT may lead to clinically significant conditions.It may be due to variable course of the VA which implicates an embryological basis.Aims: The objective of the present study is to find out the incidence of accessory FT in the cervical vertebrae and its morphological and clinical significance.Material and Methods:There were 117 dried cervical vertebrae available in the Department of Anatomy of Medical Sciences Stip. They were macroscopically studied to find variations in the number of FT.Results: Out of 117 cervical vertebrae accessory FT were found in 25 vertebrae (21.3%). The accessory FT were unilateral in 15 vertebrae (12.8%) and bilateral in 10 vertebrae (8.7%). The unilateral foramina were more common than the bilateral one. The accessory FT were smaller and posteriorly placed compared to the regular FT. Conclusions: In the present study 21.3% of cervical vertebrae showed accessory FT. Among them the unilateral accessory FT was more common than the bilateral variety. The accessory foramina were mostly observed in the lower cervical vertebrae. These anatomical variations and morphology of the FT is useful in the operations involving spine surgeries. It is also of great value to the radiologists in the interpretation of X-ray films and CT-scans.

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The role of point-of-care ultrasound in the diagnosis of pericardial effusion: a single academic center retrospective study

The Ultrasound Journal ◽

10.1186/s13089-021-00205-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Matthew G. Hanson ◽

Barry Chan

Keyword(s):

Pericardial Effusion ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Physical Exam ◽

Right Atrial ◽

Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽

X Ray ◽

Average Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Time To Diagnosis ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Symptomatic pericardial effusion (PCE) presents with non-specific features and are often missed on the initial physical exam, chest X-ray (CXR), and electrocardiogram (ECG). In extreme cases, misdiagnosis can evolve into decompensated cardiac tamponade, a life-threatening obstructive shock. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) on the diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of clinically significant PCE. Methods In a retrospective chart review, we looked at all patients between 2002 and 2018 at a major Canadian academic hospital who had a pericardiocentesis for clinically significant PCE. We extracted the rate of presenting complaints, physical exam findings, X-ray findings, ECG findings, time-to-diagnosis, and time-to-pericardiocentesis and how these were impacted by POCUS. Results The most common presenting symptom was dyspnea (64%) and the average systolic blood pressure (SBP) was 120 mmHg. 86% of people presenting had an effusion > 1 cm, and 89% were circumferential on departmental echocardiogram (ECHO) with 64% having evidence of right atrial systolic collapse and 58% with early diastolic right ventricular collapse. The average time-to-diagnosis with POCUS was 5.9 h compared to > 12 h with other imaging including departmental ECHO. Those who had the PCE identified by POCUS had an average time-to-pericardiocentesis of 28.1 h compared to > 48 h with other diagnostic modalities. Conclusion POCUS expedites the diagnosis of symptomatic PCE given its non-specific clinical findings which, in turn, may accelerate the time-to-intervention.

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New mixed-valent alkali chain sulfido ferrates A1+x[FeS2] (A = K, Rb, Cs; x = 0.333–0.787)

Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials ◽

10.1515/zkri-2020-0023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 235 (8-9) ◽

pp. 275-290

Author(s):

Michael Schwarz ◽

Pirmin Stüble ◽

Katharina Köhler ◽

Caroline Röhr

Keyword(s):

Alkali Metal ◽

General Structure ◽

Variable Number ◽

Monoclinic Space Group ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Modulated Structure ◽

Space Group ◽

X Ray ◽

Local Coordination ◽

Natural Pyrite

AbstractFour new mixed-valent chain alkali metal (A) sulfido ferrates of the general structure family ${A}_{1+x}\left[{\text{Fe}}_{x}^{\text{II}}{\text{Fe}}_{1-x}^{\text{III}}{\text{S}}_{2}\right]$ were synthesized in the form of tiny green-metallic needles from nearly stoichiometric melts reacting elemental potassium with natural pyrite (A = K) or previously prepared Rb2S/Cs2S2 with elemental iron and sulfur (A = Rb/Cs). The crystal structures of the compounds were determined by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction: In the (3+1)D modulated structure of K7.15[FeS2]4 (space group Ccce(00σ3)0s0, a = 1363.87(5), b = 2487.23(13), c = 583.47(3) pm, q = 0,0,0.444, R1 = 0.055/0.148, x = 0.787), a position modulation of the two crystallographically different undulated ${}_{\infty }{}^{1}\left[{\text{FeS}}_{4/2}\right]$ tetrahedra chains and the surrounding K cations is associated with an occupation modulation of one of the three potassium sites. In the case of the new monoclinic rubidium ferrate Rb4[FeS2]3 (x = $\frac{1}{3}$; space group P21/c, a = 1640.49(12), b = 1191.94(9), c = 743.33(6) pm, β = 94.759(4)°, Z = 4, R1 = 0.1184) the undulation of the tetrahedra chain is commensurate, the repetition unit consists of six tetrahedra. In the second new Rb ferrate, Rb7[FeS2]5 (x = 0.4; monoclinic, space group C2/c, K7[FeS2]5-type; a = 2833.9(2), b = 1197.36(9), c = 744.63(6) pm, β = 103.233(4)°, Z = 4, R1 = 0.1474) and its isotypic mixed Rb/Cs-analog Rb3.6Cs3.4[FeS2]5 (a = 2843.57(5), b = 1226.47(2), c = 759.890(10) pm, β = 103.7170(9)°, R1 = 0.0376) the chain buckling leads to a further increased repetition unit of 10 tetrahedra. For all mixed-valent ferrates, the Fe–S bond lengths continuously increase with the amount (x) of Fe(II). The buckling of the chains is controlled through the local coordination of the S atoms by the variable number of A cations of different sizes.

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CT Scans of Single Cells with Soft X-Ray Tomography

Biophysical Journal ◽

10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.1800 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 116 (3) ◽

pp. 331a

Author(s):

Carolyn A. Larabell ◽

Jian-Hua Chen ◽

Venera Weinhardt ◽

Axel Ekman ◽

Gerry McDermott ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Cells ◽

Ct Scans ◽

X Ray

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X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY STUDIES OF PREHISTORIC CERAMIC ARTIFACTS

International Journal of Modern Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1142/s2010194514601355 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 1460135

Author(s):

CARMEN PAVEL ◽

FLORIN CONSTANTIN ◽

COSMIN IOAN SUCIU ◽

ROXANA BUGOI

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cultural Heritage ◽

Nuclear Physics ◽

Structural Information ◽

Ct Scans ◽

Visual Examination ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Computed ◽

Internal Configuration ◽

Non Destructive

X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) is a powerful non-destructive technique that can yield interesting structural information not discernible through visual examination only. This paper presents the results of the CT scans of four objects belonging to the Romanian cultural heritage attributed to the Vinča, Cucuteni and Cruceni-Belegiš cultures. The study was performed with an X-ray tomographic device developed at the Department for Applied Nuclear Physics from Horia Hulubei National Institute for Nuclear Physics and Engineering in Măgurele, Romania. This apparatus was specially designed for archaeometric studies of low-Z artifacts: ceramic, wood, bone. The tomographic investigations revealed the internal configuration of the objects and provided information about the degree to which the previous manipulations affected the archaeological items. Based on the X-ray images resulting from the CT scans, hints about the techniques used in the manufacturing of the artifacts were obtained, as well as some indications useful for conservation/restoration purposes.

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Motion correction for routine X-ray lung CT imaging

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83403-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Doil Kim ◽

Jiyoung Choi ◽

Duhgoon Lee ◽

Hyesun Kim ◽

Jiyoung Jung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motion Estimation ◽

Motion Correction ◽

Ct Imaging ◽

Motion Artifacts ◽

Ct Scans ◽

Breath Hold ◽

X Ray ◽

Wide Range ◽

Thorax Ct ◽

Lung Ct

AbstractA novel motion correction algorithm for X-ray lung CT imaging has been developed recently. It was designed to perform for routine chest or thorax CT scans without gating, namely axial or helical scans with pitch around 1.0. The algorithm makes use of two conjugate partial angle reconstruction images for motion estimation via non-rigid registration which is followed by a motion compensated reconstruction. Differently from other conventional approaches, no segmentation is adopted in motion estimation. This makes motion estimation of various fine lung structures possible. The aim of this study is to explore the performance of the proposed method in correcting the lung motion artifacts which arise even under routine CT scans with breath-hold. The artifacts are known to mimic various lung diseases, so it is of great interest to address the problem. For that purpose, a moving phantom experiment and clinical study (seven cases) were conducted. We selected the entropy and positivity as figure of merits to compare the reconstructed images before and after the motion correction. Results of both phantom and clinical studies showed a statistically significant improvement by the proposed method, namely up to 53.6% (p < 0.05) and up to 35.5% (p < 0.05) improvement by means of the positivity measure, respectively. Images of the proposed method show significantly reduced motion artifacts of various lung structures such as lung parenchyma, pulmonary vessels, and airways which are prominent in FBP images. Results of two exemplary cases also showed great potential of the proposed method in correcting motion artifacts of the aorta which is known to mimic aortic dissection. Compared to other approaches, the proposed method provides an excellent performance and a fully automatic workflow. In addition, it has a great potential to handle motions in wide range of organs such as lung structures and the aorta. We expect that this would pave a way toward innovations in chest and thorax CT imaging.

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Congenital Vertebral Malformations In French Bulldogs: X-Ray Vs Computed Tomography

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:11508 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 123

Author(s):

Lucia Madalina CORLAT ◽

B. BLANCO ◽

R. LUCERNA ◽

P. J. GINEL ◽

F. MIRO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Vertebral Body ◽

Ct Scans ◽

Spinal Level ◽

X Ray ◽

Clinical Evolution ◽

Important Impact ◽

Degree Of Certainty ◽

French Bulldog ◽

Superposition Effect

Congenital vertebral malformations of the thoracolumbar area can have an important impact in the clinical evolution of French Bulldogs due to the instability it creates at the spinal level. The aim of this study is to show the differences between x-ray and CT scans in vertebral malformations of the French Bulldog. CT scans can offer a higher degree of certainty in the diagnosis of congenital vertebral malformations of the dogs. The VR model can offer a more thorough evaluation of the existing modifications of the vertebral body, allowing the examiner to circumvent the superposition effect than can be observed in the x-ray views and offering the chance to evaluate whether there is scoliosis or kyphosis present.

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Head, Examined: Clarence Darrow's X-Ray Vision of Criminal Responsibility

The Journal of Psychiatry & Law ◽

10.1177/009318531103900406 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 627-661 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kenneth J. Weiss

Keyword(s):

19Th Century ◽

Criminal Responsibility ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Ct Scans ◽

X Rays ◽

Pathological Anatomy ◽

X Ray ◽

Murder Trial ◽

Scientific Arguments ◽

Penalty Phase

Shortly after Roentgen's discovery of X-rays and their application to human imaging, the legal profession began to use the technology in litigation. Though the use of brain imaging did not find its way into formal arguments about criminal responsibility early in its evolution, such an analysis has been sought. 19th Century attempts to connect “pathological anatomy” to behavior were mostly disappointing. In 1924, the celebrated murder trial of Leopold and Loeb in Chicago became an early example of the use of scientific testimony that included radiographic exhibits. The penalty-phase decision to spare the defendants' lives was not based on scientific arguments. Sixty years later, the trial of John Hinckley included admission of CT scans to aid psychiatric testimony. Using excerpts from the expert reports and testimony, this article examines the nature and purpose of scientific evidence pertaining to blameworthiness. The author concludes that improvements in neuroimaging will continue to force a dialog between science and the law.

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Portable Ventilation/Perfusion Scanning is Useful for Evaluating Clinically Significant Pulmonary Embolism in the ICU Despite Abnormal Chest Radiography

Journal of Intensive Care Medicine ◽

10.1177/0885066618807859 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (10) ◽

pp. 1032-1038 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aaron S. Weinberg ◽

William Chang ◽

Grace Ih ◽

Alan Waxman ◽

Victor F. Tapson

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Embolism ◽

Chest Radiograph ◽

High Probability ◽

Hemodynamic Instability ◽

X Rays ◽

X Ray ◽

Abnormal Chest ◽

Chest X Ray ◽

Low Probability ◽

Clinically Significant

Objective: Computed tomography angiography is limited in the intensive care unit (ICU) due to renal insufficiency, hemodynamic instability, and difficulty transporting unstable patients. A portable ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scan can be used. However, it is commonly believed that an abnormal chest radiograph can result in a nondiagnostic scan. In this retrospective study, we demonstrate that portable V/Q scans can be helpful in ruling in or out clinically significant pulmonary embolism (PE) despite an abnormal chest x-ray in the ICU. Design: Two physicians conducted chart reviews and original V/Q reports. A staff radiologist, with 40 years of experience, rated chest x-ray abnormalities using predetermined criteria. Setting: The study was conducted in the ICU. Patients: The first 100 consecutive patients with suspected PE who underwent a portable V/Q scan. Interventions: Those with a portable V/Q scan. Results: A normal baseline chest radiograph was found in only 6% of patients. Fifty-three percent had moderate, 24% had severe, and 10% had very-severe radiographic abnormalities. Despite the abnormal x-rays, 88% of the V/Q scans were low probability for a PE despite an average abnormal radiograph rating of moderate. A high-probability V/Q for PE was diagnosed in 3% of the population despite chest x-ray ratings of moderate to severe. Six patients had their empiric anticoagulation discontinued after obtaining the results of the V/Q scan, and no anticoagulation was started for PE after a low-probability V/Q scan. Conclusion: Despite the large percentage of moderate-to-severe x-ray abnormalities, PE can still be diagnosed (high-probability scan) in the ICU with a portable V/Q scan. Although low-probability scans do not rule out acute PE, it appeared less likely that any patient with a low-probability V/Q scan had severe hypoxemia or hemodynamic instability due to a significant PE, which was useful to clinicians and allowed them to either stop or not start anticoagulation.

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