scholarly journals Determination of Porosity in Fluidized-Bed Carburized P/M Compacts Using an Image Software Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Mihaela MARIN ◽  
Florin-Bogdan MARIN
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Void Space ◽  
Software Analysis ◽  
Bulk Volume ◽  
Sintered Alloys ◽  
Porosity Measurements

The aim of this research was to study the porosity in carburizing in fluidized-bed on sintered alloys produced by powder metallurgy route using an image analysis software and to compare the obtained results with the conventional method for porosity measurements. Porosity is a measure of the void fraction in a material. The total porosity is defined by the ratio of the volume of void space to the total bulk volume of the material, expressed as a percentage. Development of digital images and computer software lead to a new and suitable method to determine the porosity of powder metallurgy materials.

Computer-Assisted High-Re Solution TEM

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-163
Author(s):  
F.A. Ponce ◽  
H. Hikashi
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Astigmatism Correction

The determination of the atomic positions from HRTEM micrographs is only possible if the optical parameters are known to a certain accuracy, and reliable through-focus series are available to match the experimental images with calculated images of possible atomic models. The main limitation in interpreting images at the atomic level is the knowledge of the optical parameters such as beam alignment, astigmatism correction and defocus value. Under ordinary conditions, the uncertainty in these values is sufficiently large to prevent the accurate determination of the atomic positions. Therefore, in order to achieve the resolution power of the microscope (under 0.2nm) it is necessary to take extraordinary measures. The use of on line computers has been proposed [e.g.: 2-5] and used with certain amount of success.We have built a system that can perform operations in the range of one frame stored and analyzed per second. A schematic diagram of the system is shown in figure 1. A JEOL 4000EX microscope equipped with an external computer interface is directly linked to a SUN-3 computer. All electrical parameters in the microscope can be changed via this interface by the use of a set of commands. The image is received from a video camera. A commercial image processor improves the signal-to-noise ratio by recursively averaging with a time constant, usually set at 0.25 sec. The computer software is based on a multi-window system and is entirely mouse-driven. All operations can be performed by clicking the mouse on the appropiate windows and buttons. This capability leads to extreme friendliness, ease of operation, and high operator speeds. Image analysis can be done in various ways. Here, we have measured the image contrast and used it to optimize certain parameters. The system is designed to have instant access to: (a) x- and y- alignment coils, (b) x- and y- astigmatism correction coils, and (c) objective lens current. The algorithm is shown in figure 2. Figure 3 shows an example taken from a thin CdTe crystal. The image contrast is displayed for changing objective lens current (defocus value). The display is calibrated in angstroms. Images are stored on the disk and are accessible by clicking the data points in the graph. Some of the frame-store images are displayed in Fig. 4.

Determination of Intrinsic Magnetic Parameters of SmCo5 Phase in Sintered Samples

2005 ◽  
Vol 498-499 ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Flavio de Campos ◽  
Fernando José Gomes Landgraf
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Domain Wall ◽  
Kerr Effect ◽  
Critical Diameter ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Domain Theory ◽  
Magnetic Domains ◽  
Magnetic Parameters ◽  
Intrinsic Parameters

SmCo5 magnets are usually produced by powder metallurgy route, including milling, compaction and orientation under magnetic field, sintering and heat treatment. The samples produced by powder metallurgy, with grain size around 10 μm, are ideal for determination of intrinsic parameters. The first step for determination of intrinsic magnetic parameters is obtaining images of domain structure in demagnetized samples. In the present study, the domain images were produced by means of Kerr effect, in a optical microscope. After the test of several etchings, Nital appears as the most appropriate for observation of magnetic domains by Kerr effect. Applying Stereology and Domain Theory, several intrinsic parameters of SmCo5 phase were determined: domain wall energy 120 erg/cm2, critical diameter for single domain particle size 2 μm and domain wall thickness 60 Å. In the case of SmCo5, and also other phases with high magnetocrystalline anisotropy, Domain Theory presents several advantages when compared with Micromagnetics.

Absolute configuration determination of theanti-head-to-head photocyclodimer of anthracene-2-carboxylic acid through cocrystallization withL-prolinol

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1411-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Kawanami ◽  
Hidekazu Tanaka ◽  
Jun-ichi Mizoguchi ◽  
Nobuko Kanehisa ◽  
Gaku Fukuhara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Circular Dichroism ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Absolute Configuration ◽  
Void Space ◽  
Circular Dichroism Spectra ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Circular Dichroïsm ◽  
Hydrogen Bonded

The absolute configuration has been established of the enantiopureanti-head-to-head cyclodimer of anthracene-2-carboxylic acid (AC) cocrystallized with L-propinol and dichloromethane [systematic name: (S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-ium (5R,6S,11R,12S)-8-carboxy-5,6,11,12-tetrahydro-5,12:6,11-bis([1,2]benzeno)dibenzo[a,e][8]annulene-2-carboxylate dichloromethane monosolvate], C5H12NO+·C30H19O4−·CH2Cl2. In the crystal structure, the AC dimer interacts with L-prolinol through a nine-membered hydrogen-bonded ring [R22(9)], while the dichloromethane molecule is incorporated to fill the void space. The absolute configuration determined in this study verifies a recent assignment made by comparing theoreticalversusexperimental circular dichroism spectra.

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